• 유기물자원화
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2000

본 연구는 피혁 제조 공정시 다량의 폐수 및 폐기물의 발생으로 피혁산업 전반에 걸쳐 심각한 폐기 처리 비용의 부담으로 인하여 생산비용의 상승 요인으로 작용하고 있는 문제점을 다소 해소하고자 실험을 실시하였다 피혁폐기물 가운데 가장 발생량이 많은 세빙조각(Shaving scrap)은 매립 또는 해양투기시 크롬을 함유하고 있어 환경오염에 심각한 영향을 줌으로 이에 관한 연구가 피혁선진국인 이태리를 중심으로 활발하게 진행중에 있다. 특히 세빙조각은 크롬 유제공정(Chrome tanning process)후 피혁원단의 두께 조절을 위하여 불가피하게 발생되는 고형폐기물로서 전체 80%이상 콜라겐섬유 단백질로 구성되어 있어 섬유상 특성을 유지하고 있다. 본 실험의 주요 내용은 섬유업계에서 폐기 또는 재생용으로 활용되고 있는 고분자성 단섬유와 피혁폐기물인 세빙조각을 혼합, 분쇄 처리한 다음 각종 바인더를 균일하게 배합, 숙성한 상태에서 실험용 Fourdriner방식의 기계에 투입하여 균일한 습식의 부직포 구조물(Wet web structure)을 제조하였다. 습식의 Sheet상을 탈수, 건조한 다음 일정한 압력으로 압착하여 Leather-like material을 제조하였으며 인장 및 인열강도등 우수한 물리적인 특성을 지닌 다양한 종류의 피혁 대체 소재용 재활용품을 제조하여 국내 피혁업계의 피혁 재활용 분야의 응용 연구에 보탬이 되고자 시도하였다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2007

Shoe's size and shape are determined by the last that takes shape of foot because last is the mold of shoe in development and manufacturing process. Then adaptation between foot and shoe is dependent on the last. In mass shoe production, model size is developed in the first place, other sized lasts are made through the grading process based on model size. The most important factor in grading system is grading deviation that must be same amount induced from foot measuring database. At present, most of the last manufacturing companies in korea using 260mm as a standard foot model size. When length grading deviation is 5mm, the ball girth grading deviation is 3.7mm and the ball width grading deviation is 1.2mm. I verified existing grading system by comparing grading results with foot measuring data. Also, I proposed reasonable grading deviation and application method of grading system. From the analysis of foot measuring database, reasonable grading deviations are 1.22mm in ball width and 0.84mm in ankle height in case of length grading deviation is 5mm. I confirmed that the current grading system is very accurate. When we grade last from 230mm to 290mm by current grading system based on model size 260mm, there is grading error over 1mm in the front outside area of foot. This error level of 1mm is no problem in normal walking shoe's last, but it induces adaptation problems in sports and special purposed shoe's last. Therefore using of three standard model size is recommended in grading men's last for reducing grading deviation error under the level of 1mm. It is specifically described as 235mm in 225-245mm, 260mm in 250-270mm, 285mm in 275-295mm. According to the above recommended grading system, it is enough to measure only three foot sizes in case of foot measuring project for men's last development.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2021

In this study, composite materials were prepared by varying the content of glass fiber and bamboo fiber in PP/glass fiber/bamboo fiber. Experiments were conducted to confirm the mechanical properties(tensile, impact and burst strength) and volatile organic compound content of the bamboo fiber composite prepared under these conditions. An improvement in the main properties was observed at a fiber content of 30wt%. When the fiber fraction was increased above 30wt%, the mechanical properties tended to decrease due to the agglomeration of fibers at higher load fractions. In addition, the content of volatile organic compounds increased as the content of bamboo fibers increased, which is thought to be due to the volatile organic compounds generated during the manufacturing process of the composite material being present in the composite material without escaping from the pores of the bamboo fibers and volatilizing at a certain temperature. As a result of confirming the physical properties of the composite, it is considered that the optimal mixing condition is 30wt% of bamboo fiber for the composite produced by varying the amount of bamboo fiber composite. In the future, it is thought that follow-up experiments to confirm and improve the pre-treatment conditions for reducing the content of volatile organic compounds in the manufactured composite material are possible.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

신발 버핑공정에서 로봇 메카니즘과 같은 5축 마이크로스크라이브에 의하여 신발창 형상을 따라서 버핑 로봇 경로를 오프라인으로 프로그래밍하는 방법을 제안한다. 개발한 마이크로스크라이브 시스템은 턴테이블이 부착된 5축 로봇링크, 신호처리장치, PC 및 응용 소프트웨어 프로그램으로 구성되어 있다. 많은 조인트를 가진 마이크로스크 라이브를 신발창 표면을 따라 이동시킴으로써 로봇 경로가 만들어진다. 개발시스템은 마이크로스크라이브 암의 회전에 해당되는 엔코더 펄스 값을 환산하며, 이 각도 값을 신호처리장치를 통하여 PC로 전송한다. Denavit-Hartenberg's(D-H) 직접 키네메틱스가 마이크로스크라이브 조인트 각도 값으로서 글로벌 좌표값을 만드는데 사용된다. 마이크로스크라이브의 키네메틱스 문제는 D-H 표현에 의하여 효과적이고 시스템적으로 해결된다. 개발시스템은 D-H식에 의하여 계산된 좌표 값으로서 신발 갑피 위에 버핑 게이지 라인을 그릴 수 있으며, 또한 신발 갑피 위에 각 점들과 그 점에 수직인 벡터와 결합된 2개의 외곽 라인으로서 로봇 경로를 얻는다. 개발시스템을 FMS의 버핑 로봇에 적용함으로써 실제적인 버핑 로봇의 경로를 프로그래밍하는데 효과적으로 사용될 수 있다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.417-426
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 가죽 생산 공정 중 원피 무게의 50% 이상 고형 폐기물로 발생하는 콜라겐 단백질의 섬유 기재에 미모사(Catechol Tannin) 및 채스트넛(Pyrogallol Tannin)과 같은 식물성 탄닌물질을 다양한 조건에서 고정화시킨 10 가지 다른 종류의 바이오 흡착제를 제조하였다. 제조한 각 바이오 흡착제들의 중금속 제거용 흡착제로서의 성능 평가를 위하여 Cu(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), Pb(II), Cr(III) 이온을 함유한 인공 오염수를 사용하여 다양한 반응 조건에서의 회분식 실험을 실시하였으며, 중금속들의 제거 특성을 규명하였다. 미모사를 탄닌물질로 사용하여 콜라겐에 고정화 반응을 시켰을 때 섬유 번들 내부로의 미모사의 침투력은 나프탈렌계 침투제의 주입량에 비례 하였다; 3% ${\geq}$ 1.5% > 0%. 모든 바이오 흡착제들에서 pH 3.0 이하에서는 중금속 이온들의 제거는 거의 일어나지 않았으나 pH 3.0 이상에서 중금속의 제거율이 급격히 발생하였으며 Zn(II)을 제외한 나머지 중금속이온들은 pH 6.0 이상에서는 거의 완전히 제거되었다. Cr(III)의 경우에는 바이오 흡착제 종류별 제거량이 매우 유사한 경향을 나타내었으나 Cu(II), Zn(II), Pb(II)의 제거에서는 축합형 탄닌(미모사)에 비해 이온결합이 가능한 다량의 카르복실기를 함유한 가수분해형 탄닌(채스트넛)을 사용하여 고정화시킨 바이오 흡착제에서 높은 제거능을 보였다. S10 바이오 흡착제에 대한 Pb(II) 및 Cu(II) 중금속 이온들의 흡착은 이온농도가 1,000배 변화거나 경쟁이온 화학종을 일하전 및 이하전 화학종을 사용하였을 때 영향을 받지 않았다.

• 복식
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between the shape of the foot and foot abrasion. and to provide preliminary data for shoe manufacturing by comparing the length of a woman's feet and the shoe size. The Martin calibrator and measuring tapes were utilized to measure the shapes of 163 female college students' feet. Indirect measurements were also obtained by line drawing of the feet for additional analysis. Brief questionnaires about what type of shoes are worn were given to the subjects of the study. Data analysis was presented by frequency, percentage, and standard deviations. Factor analysis and correlation co-efficiency of data was conducted on the significance level of p〈.05. The results of the study are as follows (1) The average number of days per week in which the subjects wear ladies' shoes per week were 4.5. Little over half of the subjects (53.87% ) answered that they wear heeled shoes for more than 8 hours per day. The most preferred height of a ladies'shoe heel was between 2 cm and 4 cm, as replied by 41.0% of the subjects. (2) The foot area where abrasion occurs most often was around the heel (51.2%) and the middle part of the sole (50.9%) (3) Factors correlated to the heel abrasion included the circumference and the breadth of the foot. The abrasion on the side of the first toe of mid-sized feet was most affected by the angle of the first the and inner foot line. The height of the foot heel was a significant factor for the abrasion near the anklebone. In conclusion, the abrasion resulted from the inappropriate fitting of the shoe and the foot. Also, the circumference and the width factors were more influential rather than the foot length. Therefore, more database on this should be systemized and available to the footwear manufacturers and the customers for more practical use of shoe size and public education.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2007

The Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs) can be occurred by various factors such as repetition, forceful exertions and awkward postures. Especially, occurrences of the WMSDs on the waist and lower limb are reported in workplaces, demanded standing postures for a long time, in service and manufacturing industry. The static and standing postures without movement for a long time increase work loads to the lower limb and the waist. Accordingly, anti-fatigue mat or anti-fatigue insole is used as a preventing device of the WMSDs. However anti-fatigue mats are limited in space and movement. In this study, multi-elastic insoles are designed and shown the effects of the workload reduction for a long time under the standing work. The foot pressures and EMG (Electromyography) are measured at 0 hour and after 2 hours by 6 health students in their twenties. The 6 prototype insoles are designed with three elastic (Low, Medium and High). These insoles are compared with no insole (insole type 7) as control group. The EMG measurement was conducted to waist (erector spinae muscle), thigh (vastus lateralis muscle) and calf (gastrocnemius muscle). The foot pressure is analyzed by mean pressure value and the EMG analysis is investigated through MF (Median Frequency), MPF (Mean Power Frequency) and ZCR (Zero Crossing Rate). The results of the foot pressure show that the multi-elastic insoles had smaller foot pressure value than that of no-insole. Moreover, Insole 2 and Insole 3 have the smallest increasing rate in foot pressure. The EMG results show that the multi-elastic insoles had smaller EMG shift value than that of no-insole in 2 hour, and then shift value shows the smallest value in Insole 2. Therefore, this study presents that the multi-elastic insoles have reducing effects of the work load for a long time standing work in both side of foot pressure and EMG.