• 한국의류학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.144-154
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• 1997

For design of early childhood children's footwear, this study was to analyze the foot type by factor analysis and cluster analysis. This study was performed 200 male and 200 female early childhood children from 3 to 6 years, reported in part 1. The result was as follows : 1. There are no significant differences concerning significances, factor loading, eigenvalues, and contribution rates of factor among the results abtained by analyzing the male, female and both sexes data. 2. The 1st factor signifies the size factor that represents total foot mass. The average scores of the 1st factor significantly increase with age in both sexes, and those scores of male are significantly higher than those of female. 3. The End factor signifies the height of Tarsal, Heel and Arch. The average scores of the 2nd factor significantly increase with age in both sexes, and there are no significant differences between the average scores of male and female's except the age 3. 4. The 3rd factor signifies the shape of Metatarso-phalanx angle. The average scores of the 3rd factor significantly decrease with age in female. 5. There are four clusters selected by fastcluster in every age group. The characteristics of four clusters of every age group are different significantly.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.18-21
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• 2011

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical and radiological results of internal fixation with tension band wiring for the fracture at the base of fifth metatarsal bone. Materials and Methods: From January 2008 to December 2009, 15 cases with displaced fracture at the base of fifth metatarsal were analyzed and average follow up period was 13.8 months. Lawrence classification was used to classify fracture type. We evaluated clinical results by American Orthopedic Foot Ankle Society (AOFAS) midfoot score and radiological results by union time. Complications was also checked. Results: According to classification, zone I fracture were 11 cases and zone II fracture were 4 cases. Bony union was achieved in all cases after 7 weeks. In the final follow-up, average AOFAS score was 94. There were no complications except hardware irritation. Conclusion: Satisfactory results were obtained after tension band wiring for the fifth Metatarsal base fracture in zone I fracture or comminuted zone II fracture for which it is not easy to be fixed with screw.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the clinical and radiological results of minimally invasive percutaneous screw fixation in intra-articular calcaneal fractures and its complications. Materials and Methods: This study is based on 30 intra-articular calcaneal fractures that treated by index operation from June 2005 to November 2006 with at least 6 months follow-up. We assessed the clinical and radiological outcomes and complications. Results: According to Sanders classification, there were 8 in type IIA, 7 in type IIB, 3 in type IIIAB, 6 in type IIIBC, 6 in type IV. And according to Essex-Lopresti classification, there were 9 in the tongue type, 21 in the joint depression type. Average follow-up period was 14.6 months (range: 6-23 months). Average interval between from injury to operation was 2.3 days. Average AOFAS score was 87.7 (range: 52-92). Satisfactory results were obtained in 22 cases (73.3%) by AOFAS score and in 20 cases (66.7%) by VAS score (mean: 3.4). Radiological results improved from 8.7 to 20.3 degrees in the Bohler angle and from 40.2 mm to 52.1 mm in calcaneal height. Postoperative complications were 2 skin and soft tissue problems and 1 sural neuropathy. Conclusion: Minimally invasive percutaneous screw fixation may be useful alternative surgical method in the management of Sanders type II and III calcaneal fractures, which is possible to achieves the anatomical restoration and minimizes postoperative complication in patients with high risks of soft tissue compromise and allows relatively early operation.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2011

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical results of anteroinferior tibiofibular ligament avulsion fracture accompanied ankle fractures treated with anatomical reduction and internal fixation. Materials and Methods: From January 2007 to April 2010, 30 cases with anteroinferior tibiofibular ligament avulsion fracture that treated with anatomical reduction and internal fixation were analyzed. The average follow-up period was 26 months (minimum 6 months). We have reviewed the bony union, complication and subjective satisfaction according to the fracture classification and method of internal fixation. Results: Among 30 cases, 28 cases were occurred in Lauge-Hansen classification supination-external rotation type, one case was fracture-dislocation and one case was Maisonneuve fracture. We have performed internal fixation with Mini screw in 11 cases, K-wire in 10 cases, repair in six cases and Mini screw & K-wire in three cases. In all cases bony union was completed. two cases in Mini screw, one case in K-wire, two cases in repair and one case in Mini screw & K-wire revealed LOM of ankle joint. Skin irritation and superficial peroneal nerve irritation happened in one case each. Other cases show good subjective satisfaction. Conclusion: Anteroinferior tibiofibular ligament avulsion fracture accompanied with ankle fracture is a good clinical outcome with internal fixation. So we should not miss out the anteroinferior tibiofibular ligament avulsion fracture in radiologic evaluation or operation room.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study fracture. Materials and Methods: The clinical and radiological analysis were performed on 19 cases of the talus neck fractures who had been treated with conservative treatment or variable methods of operative treatment. Each cases followed up more than 1 year and 6 months from May 1989 to June 2001. The clinical results were analyzed according to the age, cause of injury, fracture type of Hawkins classification, associated soft tissue injury, method of treatments, complications, and Hawkins scoring system. Results: According to Hawkins classification, type I was 6 cases(32%), type II was 5 cases(26%), typeIII was 7 cases(37%), and typeIV was 1 case(5%). In all cases, complete bony union was obtained. According to the Hawkins scoring system, 8 cases(42%) were excellent and good. Avascular necrosis was 4 cases(25%). Traumatic arthritis was 10 cases which were occurred in type II, III and IV. An ankle fusion was 1 case. Conclusion: In talar neck fractures, non-displaced fracture treated by the cast immobilization and displaced fracture treated by early open reduction and internal fixation were expected good results. The complications were 77% of traumatic arthritis and 31% of avascular necrosis in type II, III and IV. We should preoperatively explain to the patient for high complication rates of traumatic osteoarthritis and avascular necrosis in the talus neck fractures.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.876-887
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to determine the fundamental foot measurement data that is essential for a shoes size system of women in their 20~30s according to a survey of Korean hand-made shoes companies. This research on the current situation of shoes companies was done by interviewing and surveying employees of these companies. The subjects for this study were 407 women in their 20s~30s who lived in a metropolitan area, and who wanted to enhance their foot health and prevent injury with a proper shoes size system. They were measured with the 3D scan method in use of 6th Size Korea. The result of this study showed that there is considerable dissatisfaction related to women's shoes and the current foot size system using foot length. The Korean hand-made shoes companies assessed here did not use the KS system, but they recognized the necessity of measuring the foot width and circumference, understanding that doing so properly can decrease the return and repair rate. And current target age for shoes bye the hand-made shoes companies was reported to be approximately 5 years. There were significant results according to ANOVA, factor and cluster analyses according to the age range pertaining to the foot length, circumference and height. Each element was significantly correlated with user's satisfaction. There were 5 factors and 3 clusters represented, and foot circumstance and width were as important as foot length with a range of 5 years.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2020

Osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT) is a broad term used to describe an injury or abnormality of the talar articular cartilage and adjacent bone. Various terms are used to describe this clinical entity, including osteochondritis dissecans, osteochondral fractures, and osteochondral defects. Several treatment options are available; the choice of treatment is based on the type and size of the defect and the treating clinician's preference. Arthroscopic microfracture (a bone marrow stimulation technique) is a common and effective surgical strategy in patients with small lesions or in those in whom non-operative treatment has failed. This study had the following aims: 1) to review the historical background, etiology, and classification systems of OLT; 2) to describe a systematic approach to arthroscopic bone marrow stimulation for OLT; and 3) to determine the characteristics that are useful for assessing osteochondral lesions, including age, size, type (chondral, subchondral, cystic), stability, displacement, location, and containment of the lesion.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2002

Purpose: To propose a new comprehensive classification system of intraarticular calcaneal fracture based on CT images. Materials and methods: Fourty intraarticular calcaneal fractures which were treated operatively were evaluated retrospectively. We classified fracture types according to severity of comminution on the posterior facet and calcaneocuboid joint by CT images. And we evaluated postoperative results of each fracture types in terms of the quality of fixation and reduction by the postoperative plain radiograghs. Results: By the classification of the posterior facet, 18 cases were P-I, 15 were P-II, and 7 were P-III. Among the P-I cases, 7 were P-IA, 9 were P-IL, 1 was P-IM and 2 were P-IT. According to the classification of calcaneocuboid joint, II cases were C-I, 18 were C-II and 11 were C-III. Qualities of fixation were excellent in 27 cases (67.5%), fair in 9(22.5%) and poor in 4(10%). Qualities of reduction were excellent 23 cases(57.5%), fair in 11(27.5%) and poor in 6(15%). Conclusion: Our new classification system based on the CT images could provide informations about the fracture configuration and severity of comminution around calcaneocuboid joint as well as the posterior facet. And the high grade fractures such as type P-III are need to be taken care of fixation of articular surfaces.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.104-107
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the questions pertaining to the foot and ankle on the Korean Orthopedic In-Training Examination (KOITE) between 2012 and 2016. Materials and Methods: Questions regarding the foot and ankle on KOITE during the five-year period (2012~2016) were analyzed. Number of foot and ankle questions, topics, taxonomic classification, imaging modalities, and cited references related to each question were analyzed. Results: The average number of foot and ankle questions was 35, accounting for 7.0% (35/500) of all KOITE questions. All questions were categorized into three topic areas: disease (51.4%, 18/35), trauma (31.4%, 11/35), and basics (17.1%, 6/35). Taxonomy 3 (decision-making type questions) was the most common (42.9%, 15/35). References that are commonly used for each question were Campbell's Operative Orthopedics (100%, 35/35) and the textbook of The Korean Orthopaedic Association (74.3%, 26/35). Conclusion: This analysis can be valuable to not only orthopaedic surgery residents to improve their knowledge of orthopedics, but also to instructors for optimizing their education programs.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.116-120
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• 2019

Purpose: This study evaluated the clinical and radiological results of 6.5 mm full threaded cancellous bone screw fixation of calcaneal fractures. Materials and Methods: Thirty seven patients diagnosed with Sanders type II or III calcaneal fractures, who underwent open reduction and internal fixation with a 6.5 mm full threaded cancellous bone screw between August 2014 and August 2017, were analyzed. Both the preoperative and postoperative Böhler angle and Gissane angle were measured radiographically. American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scale on the final follow-up were also assessed. Results: The mean age of the patients was 52.7 years and the mean follow-up period was 29.5 months. In the Sanders classification, type II and III were 16 and 24 cases, respectively. The Böhler and Gissane angles improved from 21.2° and 122.6° preoperatively to 21.6° and 120.3°, respectively, in the postoperative radiographs. All cases achieved bony union, and the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scale was 90.7 and 91.3 in Sanders type II and III, respectively, at the final follow-up. Conclusion: The treatment of calcaneal fractures using a 6.5 mm full threaded cancellous bone screw can reduce the complications with minimally invasive surgery and achieve firm fixation.