• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제57권1호
• /
• pp.43-45
• /
• 2017

This study investigated changes in certain blood parameters in calves and pigs after foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccination. In this study, five calves and five pigs were selected from groups of 10 calves and pigs, respectively, and were vaccinated with an FMD vaccine. The remaining animals formed two non-treatment control groups. Blood samples were collected from all animals on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th days post-vaccination. In the FMD-vaccinated calves and pigs on day 7 post-vaccination, white blood cell counts, blood urea nitrogen levels, and alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities were higher than those in the respective controls. The present data suggested that the certain hemato-biochemical parameters on cattle and pigs were meaningfully changed between before and after FMD vaccination.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.315-317
• /
• 1996

An investigation was carried out to find out the strains of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus in 24 districts of Bangladesh. A total of 505 FMD virus samples were collected from June, 1989 to June, 1991 and tested by complement fixation test (CFT). Of these, 276 (54.7%) were found positive for different strains of FMD virus and the rest 45.3% were either negative or anticomplementary. Strains identified were O, C, Asia-1 and sub-strains $A_5$ and $A_{22}$. Strain O was found to be most prevalent(39.8%) followed by Asia-1 (5.7%), C (5.3%), $A_5$ (3.4%) and $A_{22}$ (0.4%). Prevalence of sub-strain $A_5$ was reported for the first time in Bangladesh. District-wise typing of FMD virus has been done which would be helpful for appropriate vaccination programme in different districts of Bangladesh for control of the malady.

• 기술혁신학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.978-1005
• /
• 2013

구제역은 급성 가축전염병으로 대규모 경제적 피해를 유발하므로 발생초기부터 확산방지와 소멸을 위해 범국가적으로 대응한다. 2010-11년 발생 시에는 347만여 두가 살처분되어 4,500여개의 가축매몰지가 조성되었고 가축전염병예방법에 의거 3년간 발굴이 금지되어 있다. 그러나 2013년 12월부터 발굴금지가 해제되는데 현장의 문제에 대응할 수 있는 정책은 없다. 따라서 본 연구는 현장의 문제를 기술 및 정책으로 대응하는 방향에 대하여 논한다. 이를 위해 현장 요구기술의 유형을 분류하고, 각 유형에 대응할 수 있는 기술여부를 검토하기 위해 국내 특허를 분석하였다. 국내 특허는 총 69건이었지만 현장을 위한 활용성은 높지 않거나 거의 없었다. 특허분석은 국내 특허에만 국한하였지만, 한국형 매몰과 살처분은 세계에서 유일한 것이기에 국내 특허분석에만 국한한 것이다. 또한 세계에서 유일한 상황이었다는 점에서 본 연구에서의 관련 기술분류, 나아가 필요기술별 기술적인 대안 검토는 세계 최초라 할 수 있다. 결론부분에서는 본 연구를 바탕으로 관련 법률과 사후관리 정책의 보완을 제안한다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제38권6호
• /
• pp.1155-1159
• /
• 2018

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an infectious disease affecting pigs. The control of FMD in swine husbandry is very important because its outbreak results in a vast economic loss. FMD vaccination has effectively controlled FMD; however, it results in economic loss associated with the incidence of lesions in the pork meat at the injection site. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of transdermal needle-free injection (NFI) of the FMD vaccine on the incidence of lesions at the injection site. Pigs (n=493) in the control group were vaccinated with the FMD vaccine using a commercial syringe needle, while 492 pigs in the transdermal NFI group received the FMD vaccine using a needle-free gas-powered jet injector. After the slaughter of the pigs, the incidence of lesions at the injection site of all pigs was checked by plant workers. The result of this study showed that the incidence of lesions in the pork ham from pigs vaccinated with NFI was 14.82% lower than that in control pigs (p<0.01). In addition, lesions generated in the NFI group were found just in the subcutaneous tissue. Therefore, the incidence of lesions at the injection site in pork from pigs vaccinated with the FMD vaccine can be effectively reduced by using transdermal NFI rather than a conventional syringe needle.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제58권3호
• /
• pp.112-115
• /
• 2015

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is an acute, mostly self-limiting infection. Patients usually recover without any sequelae. However, a few cases are life threatening, especially those caused by enterovirus 71 (EV71). A 12-month-old boy was admitted to a primary hospital with high fever and vesicular lesions of the mouth, hands, and feet. After 3 days, he experienced 3 seizure episodes and was referred to our hospital. On admission, he was conscious and his chest radiograph was normal. However, 6 hours later, he suddenly lost consciousness and had developed a massive pulmonary hemorrhage that continued until his death. He experienced several more intermittent seizures, and diffuse infiltration of both lung fields was observed on chest radiography. Intravenous immunoglobulin, dexamethasone, cefotaxime, leukocyte-depleted red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, inotropics, vitamin K, and endotracheal epinephrine were administered. The patient died 9 hours after intubation, within 3 days from fever onset. EV71 subgenotype C4a was isolated retrospectively from serum and nasopharyngeal swab by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Here, we report a fatal case of EV71-associated HFMD with sudden-onset massive pulmonary hemorrhage and suspected encephalitis.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제42권4호
• /
• pp.285-288
• /
• 2019

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) causes economic problems in livestock industry because of fast spread and inducing low productivity. FMD outbreaks occurred in South Korea over the period from 2000 to 2019. Vaccination is the most practical and effective means of controlling or preventing these outbreaks, and a national vaccination policy has been in place for all FMD-susceptible animals since 2010. To prevent and control of FMD, South Korea has been using vaccines imported from the United Kingdom, Argentina, and Russia. The Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency of South Korea oversees continuous quality control of imported FMD vaccines. FMD vaccines were evaluated characteristics, sterility, pH, inactivation, safety, potency test by Korean FMD vaccine standard assay (Test for National Lot Release). The 6 company vaccines (A~F) were used Test for National Lot Release by each method. We evaluated quality of each FMD vaccine from 2015 to 2019. All batch of vaccine showed good quality control and were passed the Test for National Lot Release. The serotypes of vaccine are increasingly changing to multiple vaccine because the FMD was outbreak by various serotype virus in South Korea. Furthermore, this data may be useful as a basis for ensuring the quality of FMD vaccines and for base data to manage them. Additional study is required to simple approach for rapid evaluation of quality and antigen content identification in vaccines.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.634-639
• /
• 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of heating of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine before injection, on the incidence of lesions at the injection site (pork butt), amount of discarded meat, and economical benefit. Methods: In total, 101,086 piglets raised in 30 farms, were vaccinated in the neck with 2 mL of FMD vaccine at 56 d and 84 d of age using a commercial syringe. The heat treatment group (48,511 pigs) was injected with the FMD vaccine after it had been heated in a water bath at 40℃ for 20 min. After slaughter, the incidence of lesions on the pork butt was inspected, and the subsequent amount of discarded meat was recorded. Results: Heat treatment of FMD vaccine reduced the incident rate of lesions on the pork butt (p<0.01). Overall, 17.81% of the pigs in the heat treatment group had lesions, while the incident rate in the control group was 21.70%. The amount of discarded meat per head of total pigs and per head of pigs with lesions were significantly lower in the heat treatment group than the control group (p<0.01). Thus, the proportion of discarded meat to dressed carcass was lower in the heat treatment group (0.249%) compared with the control group (0.338%) (p<0.01). Farms that rear 1,000 sows can gain 1,863,289 KRW (1,600 USD) in one year when they adopt heat treatment of FMD vaccine before injection. Conclusion: Heat treatment of FMD vaccine using simple heat equipment (water bath) can be effective in reducing lesions caused by FMD vaccination and increase the economic benefits in pig farms.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.13.1-13.9
• /
• 2024

Background: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease in livestock that has tremendous economic impact nationally. After multiple FMD outbreaks, the South Korean government implemented a vaccination policy for efficient disease control. However, during active surveillance by quarantine authorities, pig farms have reported an insufficient antibody positivity rate to FMD. Objective: In this study, the spatial and temporal trends of insufficiency among pig farms were analyzed, and the effect of the number of government veterinary officers was explored as a potential preventive factor. Methods: Various data were acquired, including national-level surveillance data for antibody insufficiency from the Korea Animal Health Integrated System, the number of veterinary officers, and the number of local pig farms. Temporal and geographical descriptive analyses were conducted to overview spatial and temporal trends. Additionally, logistic regression models were employed to investigate the association between the number of officers per pig farm with antibody insufficiency. Spatial cluster analysis was conducted to detect spatial clusters. Results: The results showed that the incidence of insufficiency tended to decrease in recent years (odds ratio [OR], 0.803; 95% confidence interval [95% CIs], 0.721-0.893), and regions with a higher density of governmental veterinary officers (OR, 0.942; 95% CIs, 0.918-0.965) were associated with a lower incidence. Conclusions: This study implies that previously conducted national interventions would be effective, and the quality of government-provided veterinary care could play an important role in addressing the insufficient positivity rate of antibodies.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제53권5호
• /
• pp.639-643
• /
• 2010

Purpose: Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) is a common viral illness in children, which is usually mild and self-limiting. However, in recent epidemics of HFMD in Asia, enterovirus 71 (EV71) has been recognized as a causative agent with severe neurological symptoms with or without cardiopulmonary involvement. HFMD was epidemic in Korea in the spring of 2009. Severe cases with complications including death have been reported. The clinical characteristics in children with neurologic manifestations of EV71 were studied in Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital. Methods: Examinations for EV71 were performed from the stools, respiratory secretion or CSF of children who presented neurologic symptoms associated with HFMD by realtime PCR. Clinical and radiologic data of the patients were collected and analyzed. Results: EV71 was isolated from the stool of 16 patients but not from respiratory secretion or CSF. Among the 16 patients, meningitis (n=10) was the most common manifestation, followed by Guillain-Barre syndrome (n=3), meningoencephalitis (n=2), poliomyelitis-like paralytic disease (n=1), and myoclonus (n=1). Gene analysis showed that most of them were caused by EV71 subgenotype C4a, which was prevalent in China in 2008. Conclusion: Because EV71 causes severe complications and death in children, a surveillance system to predict upcoming outbreaks should be established and maintained and adequate public health measures are needed to control disease.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제53권1호
• /
• pp.49-54
• /
• 2013

To investigate the transmission pattern of geographical area and temporal trends of the 2010~2011 foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks in Korea, and to explore temporal intervals at which spatial clustering of FMD cases space-time analysis based on georeferenced database of 3,575 burial sites, from 30 November 2010 to 23 February 2011, was performed. The cases represent approximately 98.1% of all infected farms (n = 3,644) during the same period. Descriptive maps of spatial patterns of the outbreaks were generated by ArcGIS. Spatial Scan Statistics, using SaTScan software, was applied to investigate geographical clusters of FMD cases across the country. Overall, spatial heterogeneity was identified, and the transmission pattern was different by province. Cattle have more clusters in number but smaller in size, as compared to the swine population. In addition, spatiotemporal analysis and the comparison of clustering patterns between the first 7 days and days 8 to 14 of the outbreak revealed that the strongest spatial clustering was identified at the 7-day interval, although clustering over longer intervals (8~14 days) was also observed. We further discussed the importance of time period elapsed between FMD-suspected notice and the date of confirmation, and emphasized the necessity of region-specific and species-specific control measures.