• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2017

Purpose: We retrospectively analyzed the radiographic and clinical results after the first ray of forefoot osteotomy using low profile wedge plate without additional cancellous bone grafting for pes planus correction. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four patients were enrolled in this study. Medial cuneiform opening wedge osteotomy was performed in 12 patients (Cotton osteotomy, group C) and first metatarsal base osteotomy was performed in 12 patients (group MT). Results: On average, the wedge size was 5.61 mm (5~6 mm). The mean time to radiographic union was 3.18 and 3.27 months in groups C and MT, respectively. Postoperative talonavicular coverage angle, talo-first metatarsal angle (anteroposterior), talo-first metatarsal angle (lateral), talo-calcaneal angle (lateral), medial cuneiform height, and American orthopaedic foot, as well as ankle society midfoot scale were significantly improved in both groups. Nonunion, delayed union or fixation failure was not presented in our series. Conclusion: We have shown that low profile wedge plate was effective in the case of first ray forefoot osteotomy for pes planus correction without any additional cancellous bone grafting.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.65-75
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• 2013

The objective of this study is to report the effect of Chuna manipulation and foot orthosis treatment on juvenile, adolescent idiopathic scoliosis by observing four clinical case studies. Pre-and post-treatment, we investigated the changes in Cobb's angle, pelvic height and walking pattern by using the standing full spine X-ray. After application of a Chuna manipulation and foot orthosis treatment, Cobb's angle was reduced in 4 cases. Difference of pelvic height was reduced in 3 cases, and other 1 case was increased rather. And walking balance was improved in the case of measuring walking balance pattern. This study showed that Chuna manipulation and foot orthosis treatment has meaningful effect on juvenile, adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and more researches should be followed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.674-682
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aquatic gait training on plantar foot pressure, foot kinesiology and gait speed in right hemiplegic patients. The subject were 20 stroke patients who elapsed from 12 month to 24 month after stroke(aquatic gait training group(n=10), land gait training group(n=10)). This study measured plantar foot pressure, toe out angle, subtalar joint angle, gait speed from data of gate on 2m long measuring apparatus for RS-scan system(RS scan Ltd. German). This experiment performed in twice, before and after the aquatic gait training and land gait training. Collected data were statistically analyzed by SPSS Ver. 12.0 using descriptive statistics, paired t-test. Aquatic gait training group had more variety pressure area on their foot such as T1(Toe 1), HM(Heel medial), and HL(Heel lateral). But motion of subtalar joint flexibility and toe out angle decreased considerably and gate speed also increased. According to the result, aquatic gait training is considered as more effective way in foot stability and normal gait pattern than land gait training.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.145-151
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• 2016

Purpose: To evaluate the reliability of preoperative and postoperative distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA) measurements and to determine whether such reliability is different in accordance with the foot and ankle fellowship and the number of years in practice. Materials and Methods: Between July 2012 and June 2014, a total of 20 patients (24 feet) were treated with proximal chevron osteotomy and distal soft tissue procedure for symptomatic hallux valgus deformity. DMAA were measured twice with an interval of two weeks between the preoperative and postoperative dorsoplantar radiographs by four observers; two of whom were foot and ankle surgeons (A and B), one knee surgeon, and one senior resident. The intraobserver reproducibility and interobserver reliability were assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients. Moreover, the limit of agreement between the preoperative and postoperative DMAA measurements were assessed using a Bland-Altman plot. Results: The intraobserver reproducibility of the foot and ankle surgeon A, knee surgeon, and senior resident improved from 0.796, 0.575, and 0.586 preoperatively to 0.968, 0.864, and 0.864 postoperatively, respectively. The interobserver reliability of foot and ankle surgeon A-B, foot and ankle surgeon A-knee surgeon, and foot and ankle surgeon A-senior resident improved from 0.874, 0.688, and 0.677 preoperatively to 0.971, 0.917, and 0.838 postoperatively, respectively. Conclusion: The intra- and interobserver reliabilities for DMAA measurement improved after proximal chevron osteotomy. Therefore, the necessity of additional procedures to correct the increased DMAA should be reevaluated after proximal chevron osteotomy in the hallux valgus with an increased DMAA.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.76-81
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• 2019

Purpose: This study examined the effects of squatting with different foot positions on the muscle activation of the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles in subjects with genu varum. Methods: Thirty four subjects participated in this study. Surface electromyography was used to measure the muscle activation of the VMO and VL muscles at the knee angles ($15^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$) at three foot positions (internal rotation, neutral position, external rotation) during squatting. Results: Muscle activation differences at different knee angles and foot positions differed significantly between the VMO and VL muscles in both the varus and normal groups. In addition, there was a significant difference according to the knee angles with the foot in external rotation in the VMO and VL ratio. In the varus group, however, the VMO and VL ratio were significantly different only with the feet in internal rotation. In the muscle activation changes of the knee angle differences in the foot position, there was no significant difference in the varus group, but both the VMO and VL muscles were significant different in the normal group. Conclusion: In both groups, regardless of the foot position, muscle activation of the VMO and VL muscles increased with increasing knee flexion angle. In the normal group, when squatting with the feet in external rotation, the VMO and VL muscles activations increased with increasing knee angle. In the varus group, however, the foot position did not affect the VMO or VL muscle activation. This study shows that subjects with genu varum and normal subjects have different VMO and VL muscle activation patterns during squat exercises.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.34-44
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to compare the balance ability at different foot angle with KAT 2000 (Breg, Inc., Vista, CA. 1994). Forty-nine (male 24, female 25) normal subjects participated in this study. All subjects were assessed under two conditions. One was eye-opened condition and the other one was eye-closed one in 3 psi surface condition. All subjects were tested at different foot angle that were toe-in $25^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, toe-out $25^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$. The subject attempted to keep the platform as stable as possible with eyes closed and with eyes opened for every 20 seconds. The starting position was that subject crossed their arms across chest and flexed knees slightly. The results of each test were showed by a score on screen, which meant balance index. The se collected data were analyzed by using oneway ANOVA, Scheffe test, and t-test. The results of this study were as follows: 1. When the foot angle were changed, balance index was the lowest in toes-out $25^{\circ}$ condition and greatest with toes-in $45^{\circ}$ with eyes opened and with eyes closed. There were statistically significant difference with eyes opened and with eyes closed (p<0.05). 2. There was statistically significant difference in balance index according to visual condition and the balance index tested with eyes closed was higher than with eyes closed(p<0.05). 3. There was statistically significant difference in balance index by gender(p<0.05).

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.944-950
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• 2015

Recent studies on ankle-foot prostheses used for transtibial amputees have focused on the adaptation of the ankle angle of the prosthesis according to ground conditions. For adaptation to various ground conditions (e.g., incline, decline, and step conditions), ankle-foot prostheses should first recognize the ground conditions as well as the current human motion pattern. For this purpose, the ground reaction forces and orientation angle of the tibia provide fundamental information. The measurement of the orientation angle, however, creates a challenge in practice. Although various sensors, such as accelerometers and gyroscopes, can be utilized to measure the orientation angles of the prosthesis, none of these sensors can be solely used due to their intrinsic drawbacks. In this paper, a time-varying complementary filtering (TVCF) method is proposed to incorporate the measurements from an accelerometer and a gyroscope to obtain a precise orientation angle. The cut-off frequency of TVCF is adaptively determined according to the human gait phase detected by a fuzzy logic algorithm. The performance of the proposed method is verified through experiments.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.126-132
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• 2009

This study examined the differences in spatio-temporal parameters, joint angle, ground reaction force (GRF), and joint power according to the changes of gait speed for trans-tibial amputees to investigate the features of the energy-storing foot for sports. The subjects walked at normal speed and at fast speed, wearing a single-axis type foot (Korec) and an energy-storing foot for sports (Renegade) respectively. The results showed that Renegade yielded faster gait speed as well as more symmetric gait pattern, compared to Korec. However, as gait speed was increased, there was no significant difference in kinematics, ground reaction force, and joint power between two artificial foots. This was similar to the results from previous studies regarding the energy-storing foot, where the walking velocity and gait symmetry have been improved. Nevertheless, the result of this study differed from the previous ones which reported that joint angle, joint power, and GRF increased as the gait speed increased except spatio-temporal parameters.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.613-619
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• 2013

This study compares the gait characteristics of elderly women during barefoot walking and walking with sneakers. We measured foot angles, max foot pressure, peak plantar pressure of each plantar region, velocity of Center of Pressure(COP), and axis shifting of COP with an RS-scan system. Elderly women's foot angles were narrower when walking with sneakers than when barefoot walking. We found that the subtalar joint angle (representing ankle joint flexibility) affected walking stability. Regarding the peak plantar pressure of each foot region, pressures were high in the medial regions and the pressures greatly varied depending on the region measured during barefoot walking. The COP moved significantly faster when walking with sneakers than barefoot walking and suggests that elderly women walked faster in sneakers. Axis shifting of the COP decreased during walking with sneakers and indicated that gait balance improved when walking with sneakers. The findings of the present study can be utilized as foundational data for elderly women's gait characteristics as well as data for the production of functional footwear. Future research that focuses on various types of shoes, age groups, and gender are recommended for the development of more functional footwear for stable gaits.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.886-891
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• 2009

One of the important functions of prosthetic foot is the foot inversion-eversion which is so important when walking on uneven surfaces. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of foot eversion angle especially on knee and ankle joint for transtibial amputees by motion analysis. The experimental data were collected from three transtibial amputees and then ten healthy individuals. To simulate walking on side sloping ground, we used custom-made slope (5, 10, 15 degrees). Motion analysis was performed by 3-dimensional motion analyzer for 6 dynamic prosthetic feet. The results showed that knee abduction moments of amputated leg were decreased but those of sound leg were mainly increased as foot eversion angle increased. And ankle abduction moments of sound leg were inconsistent in magnitude and tendency between control and experimental group. Therefore foot eversioncharacteristics should be considered to develop advanced prosthetic foot.