• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권7호
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• pp.876-885
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 홍콩 소비자를 대상으로 가정식사대용식(HMR, Home Meal Replacement) 제품의 소비실태와 HMR 제품 개발 요구도를 파악하고, 식생활 라이프스타일에 따른 HMR 시장세분화 전략을 제시하고자 하였다. 홍콩 전문기관에 등록된 패널 중 가정식사대용식을 이용한 경험이 있는 소비자 521명을 대상으로 온라인 설문조사를 통해 수집된 자료를 SPSS(ver. 23.0) 통계 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 홍콩 소비자의 식생활 라이프스타일에 따른 군집별 HMR 구입 특성은 HMR 유형별 구매횟수, 구매장소, 1회 구매 시 비용, 구매이유 등 모든 항목에서 집단 간 유의적인 차이를 나타냈다. 식생활 라이프스타일에 따라 '식생활 고관심 집단', '식생활 중관심 집단', '식생활 저관심 집단'으로 군집을 나누었으며, HMR 제품 개발 요구도는 '식생활 고관심 집단'은 저염 식품> 발열식 편의식> 저당 식품> 저칼로리 식품 순으로, '식생활 중관심 집단'은 저염 식품> 저당 식품> 저칼로리 식품> 영양적 완전식품 순으로, '식생활 저관심 집단'은 저당 식품> 저염 식품> 다양한 신메뉴> 휴대가 간편한 건조식품 순으로 집단 간 차이를 보여주었다. 군집별 '식생활 고관심 집단'은 남성의 비율이 높았고 연령대로는 20~29세의 젊은 층이며, 직업은 사무 관리직과 기혼의 비율이 높았다. HMR 구매 시 1회 비용은 15,000~20,000원 미만이 가장 높게 조사되었다. '식생활 중관심 집단'은 여성과 남성의 비율이 비슷하게 나타났으며, 연령대로는 30~39세, 기혼의 비율이 높게 나타났다. HMR 구매 시 1회 비용으로는 10,000원 미만과 10,000~15,000원대의 중 저가격대를 구매하는 것으로 나타났다. '식생활 저관심 집단'은 여성과 미혼 그리고 사무 관리직의 비율이 높았으며, HMR 구매 시 1회 비용은 10,000원 미만의 비율이 가장 높아 상대적으로 다른 집단보다 저가의 HMR 제품을 구입하는 것으로 나타났다. 홍콩시장 진출을 위한 세분시장별 HMR 제품 개발 및 마케팅 전략을 제시하면 다음과 같다. '식생활 고관심 집단'은 식생활 관심이 높은 집단으로 시장세분화 전략의 집중과 투자가 이루어져야 할 집단으로 생각된다. HMR 제품 유형의 대안으로는 현재 홍콩 소비자들이 관심을 보이는 건강 웰빙에 주목하여 영양적인 면을 고려한 프리미엄급의 HMR 제품, 건강을 코드로 한 제품 개발이 필요하며, 식품안전관리인증기준(HACCP)에 근거한 식재료 선택의 진정성과 안전성까지 고려해야 할 것이다. '식생활 중관심 집단'은 안전과 건강을 중요시하며 HMR 제품의 미각 요인에 관심을 가지는 집단으로 맛에 중점을 둔 다양한 HMR 신제품의 출시가 필요하리라 생각된다. '식생활 저관심 집단'은 간편성과 편의성을 추구하는 집단으로 간편하여 추가적인 조리가 필요 없는 완성된 음식으로 시간을 절약할 수 있으며, 가격의 합리화가 이루어져야 할 것이다. 앞으로 HMR 제품의 방향은 건강을 코드로 하여 집에서 만드는 것과 같은 맛과 정성까지 고루 갖추며, 편의성을 고려한 HMR 제품이 필요한 때이다. 이를 위해서는 유기농, 친환경 식재료를 사용하고 고객의 편리성을 극대화할 수 있도록 반조리 제품의 다양화가 필요할 것이다. 또한, 소량, 소포장, 12시간 이내에 소비자에게 배송되는 서비스, 바코드나 QR코드로 영양성분이나 조리법까지도 알 수 있는 서비스 등 간편과 웰빙을 추구하는 홍콩 소비자의 니즈를 반영한 HMR 제품의 출시에 기업과 정부의 지속적인 노력이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구 결과는 HMR 제품 개발을 위한 마케팅 전략에 필요한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이며, 수출용 HMR 제품 개발에 소비자의 니즈가 반영된 신제품의 방향을 제시하여 산업적 활용 전략을 구축하기 위한 시장세분화 전략에 기초 자료를 제공하고자 하였다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.658-672
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Although children of ethnic minority groups are experiencing a transition from a predominance of undernutrition to overnutrition, there is little evidence of a dual-malnutrition burden. Therefore, this study examined the double burden of malnutrition among school-aged ethnic minority children living in mountainous areas and its association with their diets. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2019 to March 2020 in 3 mountainous areas of Northern Vietnam among 1,556 ethnic minority school-aged children. The prevalence of under-nutrition (stunting and thinness) and over-nutrition (overweight and obesity) were measured using the WHO 2006 child growth standards (height-for-age and BMI-for-age Z-score). Nutritional practices were evaluated by the frequency of food consumption based on a 4-level scale. RESULTS: The percentage of children with stunting and thinness were 14.0% and 5.4%, respectively, while the figure for overweight/obesity was 9.4%. The factors positively associated with stunting were living in a family with more than 2 children or being Muong/other ethnicities compared to the Tay ethnicity. Children who consumed fish/shrimps/crabs or milk weekly/daily were less likely to be undernourished compared to those who never consumed these foods. By contrast, children who never consumed foods rich in vitamin A precursors and vitamin A and fruit or consumed daily snacks/junk food were more likely to be overweight/obese. CONCLUSIONS: Undernutrition remains a common issue among school-aged children and adolescents of ethnic minority groups, while over-nutrition exists simultaneously. Public health nutrition programs promoting adequate diets and positive lifestyle changes related to nutrition are essential to tackle the double burden of malnutrition among ethnic minority children.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.573-588
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• 2023

본 연구는 2021년 식품소비행태조사 자료를 활용하여 20-50대 소비자들의 식생활라이프스타일(FRL)에 따른 SNS 이용 및 추천정보 활용 (SURU) 정도를 살펴보고, 이러한 FRL과 SURU간의 상호작용이 혼밥 및 방문 외식소비에 있어 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 각각의 척도는 요인분석과 K-means 군집분석을 이용해 요인들을 추출하고 군집으로 분류하였으며, FRL에 따른 SURU 특성을 알아보기 위해 복합표본 교차분석과 일변량분석을 실시했으며, 혼밥 정도와 외식정도에 있어 FRL과 SURU의 영향을 알아보기위해 일변량분석을 이용하였다. 그 결과, FRL은 편의성추구, 합리적소비추구, 미식추구의 3가지 요인으로 추출되었으며, 이를 기반으로 합리적소비군, 편의적미식군, 스마트미식군으로 분류되었다. SURU는 한 가지 요인으로 추출되었으며, 점수에 따라 고·중·저 그룹으로 분류되었다. FRL에 따른 SURU 정도 및 SURU 그룹 비율의 차이를 살펴본 결과, 스마트미식군에 있어 점수가 가장 높았으며, SURU 그룹 비율에 있어 저 그룹에서는 합리적소비군, 중 그룹에서는 스마트미식군, 고 그룹에서는 편의적미식군과 스마트미식군이 유사한 수준으로 높게 나타났다. 혼밥에 있어서의 FRL과 SURU의 영향을 분석한 결과, 주효과와 상호작용 효과가 모두 유의하게 나타났다 (p < 0.01, p < 0.001). FRL 그룹 중 합리적소비군을 제외한 나머지 두 군집에서 SURU가 높아질수록 혼밥 정도가 높아졌는데 그 중 편의적미식군에 있어 증가 폭이 더 크게 나타났다. 외식정도에 대한 FRL과 SURU의 주효과와 상호작용 효과 역시 모두 유의하게 나타났다 (p < 0.01, p < 0.001). 모든 FRL 그룹에 있어 SURU 수준이 높아질수록 외식정도가 높게 나타났는데, 특히 합리적소비군에 비해 편의성과 미식성향이 나타나는 두 군집에 있어 더 가파르게 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 그 중에서도 스마트미식군에 있어 SURU 수준에 따라 방문 외식 정도가 더 급격히 증가하였다. 최근의 다변화, 다양화 되고있는 식생활에서 중요한 정보수집 도구이자 강력한 구전 수단인 SNS의 이용자에 대해 심층적으로 분석한 본 연구는 향후 식품 외식 SNS 관련 소비자 행동 연구 및 외식 소비자들의 시장세분화와 SNS를 이용한 마케팅 전략 수립에 있어 중요한 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.226-233
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• 2011

Objectives: Being overweight or obese is central to metabolic syndrome, and these characteristics constitute dominant risk factors for chronic diseases. Although behavioral factors, including eating habits and sedentary lifestyles, are considered to be determinants of obesity, the specific childhood factors that contribute to this condition have not been clearly defined. Methods: The subjects consisted of 261 children aged 7- 9 years who were recruited from an elementary school during October 2003. Information was obtained from their parents using a questionnaire focused on eating behaviors and lifestyle factors, additional data were also collected via anthropometric measurements and biochemical examinations, including blood tests. Results: A total of 48 (18.4%) of the 261 children were overweight, and 34 (70.8%) had at least one other component of metabolic syndrome. Eating behaviors emerged as significant lifestyle-related risk factors for being overweight or obese. Those who engaged in overeating more than twice per week had three times the risk of being overweight (odds ratio [OR], 3.10, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39 to 6.92), and those who ate rapidly had three times the risk of being overweight (OR, 3.28; 95% CI, 1.68 to 6.41). Those who had fewer family meals (fewer than 2?3/month) had a nine times higher risk of being overweight than those who had family meals more frequently (at least 1/day) (OR, 9.51; 95% CI, 1.21 to 74.82). Conclusions: This study showed that being overweight or obese during preadolescence is associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome and is related to unhealthy eating behaviors. Thus, weight-control strategies and healthy eating behaviors should be developed early in life to reduce the risk for metabolic syndrome.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.153-161
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• 2004

Sa-Sang, one of the Korean traditional medicines, classifies people's constitution into 4 types, which are referred to as Tae-Yang-In, Tae-Eum-In, So-Yang-In and So-Eum-In. The purpose of this study was to examine demographic and dietary factors and to test any significant differences between Sa-Sang constitution and related factors. The participants were 483 college students and the data of 428 students were finally analyzed. Constitution was determined identically through both the questionnaire on Sa-Sang constitution and an inquiry by a Korean traditional medical doctor. Tae-Eum-In showed statistically significant higher BMI and higher smoking frequency. Tae-Eum-In also had significantly higher intakes in iron, potassium, sodium, vitamin B$_1$, niacin, $\beta$-carotene and vitamin E. So-Eum-In had significantly lower intakes in protein, phosphorous, and folate. From this study, we could expect to get some scientific, objective and accurate diet information on the types of constitution. Considering the fact that most chronic degenerative diseases could be developed by any lifestyle factors, it is necessary to conduct educational programs about lifestyles including the dietary habit for maintaining good health. Therefore, it will be better to continue a long-term follow-up study on any chronic degenerative disease based on the types of Sa-Sang constitution in the future. (Korean J Nutrition 37(2): 153 -161, 2004)

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.57-71
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• 2015

This study assessed gender differences of 'solo eating' perceptions and dietary behaviors among college students residing in Seoul and Kyongki province. Two types of questionnaires were used to analyze perception and dietary behaviors of subjects: a cross-sectional survey (N=893) and AGA (Associative Group Analysis; N=50). Women ate significantly more and intook a greater variety of foods when eating together (P<0.05). Men, on the other hand, showed no difference in these variables. Women, compared to men, spent more time eating both alone and together (P<0.001). In the associative group analysis (AGA), women showed a different semantic value for 'solo eating' compared to men. Women also tended to feel lonely when they ate alone and had positive images of eating together. Students began to decide their own dietary behaviors after junior and high school. Dietary lives of Koreans have rapidly changed along with social changes over the past half century. These research findings will contribute to more comprehensive and efficient nutrition education programs for preventing lifestyle-related diseases in the early stage of adulthood.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.27-42
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the importance of well-being related to lifestyle choices such as food habits, food choices, life pattern, etc. The survey was conducted among college students using a questionnaire and a 5-point Likert score in Seoul City and Kyunggido Province during September 2005. The responses of 968 college students were analyzed by the SPSS program. The results were as follows. Most of the subjects were female(76.2%), and lived with their parents (85.6%). The average score of 'food habits', 'choosing food materials', 'purchasing' and 'life pattern' were $2.71{\pm}1.22,\;2.86{\pm}1.28,\;2.41{\pm}1.21,\;and\;2.97{\pm}1.31$ respectively in males and $3.01{\pm}1.20,\;3.00{\pm}1.32,\;2.55{\pm}1.20,and\;2.68{\pm}1.40$ in females, respectively. In regard to 'food habits', the scores were significantly affected by gender(p<0.001), smoking(p<0.05), alcohol consumption(p<0.05), exercise(p<0.001), weight satisfaction(p<0.001), method of weight control(p<0.001), use of nutritional supplement(p<0.05), attempts at weight control(p<0.001), regularity of breakfast(p<0.001), level of interest in well-being(p<0.001), and whether the individual tried a well-being item(p<0.001). In regarding to 'choosing food materials' the scores were significantly affected by gender(p<0.001), smoking(p<0.05), exercise(p<0.001), weight satisfaction(p<0.05), method of weight control(p<0.05), use of nutritional supplement(p<0.05), attempts at weight control(p<0.001), regularity of breakfast(p<0.001), level of interest in well-being(p<0.001) ), and whether the individual tried a well-being item(p<0.001). Out of the factors affecting 'purchasing', the association with BMI was remarkable. Students who were overweight, obese or underweight showed higher average scores than students of normal weight. The primary concerns and trial of well-being of college students were food and exercise. Therefore, the purchase of well-being goods is related to their weight control in college students. In regard to 'life pattern' the scores were significantly affected by exercise(p<0.01), use of computer(p<0.001), BMI(p<0.001), weight control(p<0.001), use of nutritional supplement(p<0.05), regularity of breakfast(p<0.001), level of interest in wellbeing(p<0.001), whether the individual tried a well-being item(p<0.001), and having taken lecture on well-being(p<0.05). Therefore nutrition education is needed for healthy eating habits of college students and it is necessary to develop a series of lectures to teach them about diet and exercise programs.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.206-211
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• 2022

As the level of consumption is improved and cultural life is pursued, the consumer's consciousness structure is rapidly changing, and the demand for product selection level, variety, and quality is becoming more diverse. The restaurant economy is falling due to the prolonged COVID-19, the economic recession, income decline, and changes in population structure and lifestyle, but the Meal- kit market is growing rapidly. This study aims to identify the consumer perception of Meal-kit, which is rapidly growing as an alternative to existing meals in the fields of dining out, food, and distribution due to the development of technology and social environment using big data. As a result of the analysis, the keywords with the highest frequency of appearance were in the order of Meal-kit, Cooking, Product, Launching, and Market and were divided into 8 groups through the CONCOR analysis. We want to identify consumer trends related to the key keywords of Meal-kit, present effective data related to Meal-kit demand for Meal-kit specialized companies, and provide implications for establishing marketing strategies for differentiated competitive advantage.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.119-130
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• 2011

한국인의 대사증후군 관련 식사요인 중 다량 영양소의 섭취 양상을 파악하고 역학적 특성을 파악하기 위해 2007~2008 국민건강영양조사 자료를 분석하였다. 한국인의 다량 영양소 섭취 양상은 성별, 연령대별, 건강 상태별로 달랐으나 전체적으로 탄수화물 섭취가 높은 편이고 지방의 섭취가 낮은 편이었다. 특히 60대 이상에서 당뇨병이나 고혈압 진단을 받았거나 대사증후군을 가지고 있는 사람들은 다른 그룹에 비해 탄수화물 에너지비가 더욱 높고 지방 섭취는 더욱 낮았으며 지방 급원 음식도 달랐다. 따라서 향후 대사증후군 및 기타 만성 질환의 예방과 관리를 위해서는 한국인의 성별, 연령대별, 건강상태별로 식생활의 특성을 파악하고 이를 토대로 적절한 영양 정책과 사업을 실시하여야 할 것이다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.288-297
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• 2008

It has been reported frequently that clinical features of gallstone disease in Korean were similarly changing to those of Occidentals. This changing was thought to be due to Westernized lifestyle and dietary patterns in Korean. The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutritional risk factor among patients with gallstone. The subjects of this study were 90 gallstone group with biliary stone as confirmed by cholecystectomy and 111 control group with no biliary stone as confirmed by ultrasonography adjusted according to age and gender. Anthropometric indices and biomarkers were measured and dietary habit as well as nutrient consumption pattern were investigated using a structured checklist of health-related eating behavior and a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The mean age was higher in GG (gallbladder stone patient group) than CG (control group). The average BMI and WHR (waisthip ratio) tended to be higher than those in CG. WC (waist circumference) and WHR of women in GG were significantly higher than in CG. GG had lower levels in TC (p < 0.01), LDL-C (p < 0.05), and HDL-C (p < 0.05), but higher FBG levels (p < 0.001). GG tended to be associated with lower physical activity and more frequent consumption of meat, meats with high fat and high sugar content food. The consumption levels of fiber (p < 0.05), vitamin C (p < 0.05), calcium (p < 0.01) in GG were significantly lower than in CG. These findings showed that the association with incidence of gallbladder stone and anthrophometric indices and dietary consumption patterns. Further study may be necessary to elucidate the dietary risk factors in the changing patterns of gallstone disease.