• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.341-345
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• 2010

2010년 국내 4개 제조업체에서 제조한 조제분유 190개, 성장기용 조제분유 95개, 조제우유 15개 등 300개 조제유류를 수집하여 일반세균, 대장균군 및 위해세균에 대한 오염실태를 조사하였다. 그 결과 멸균제품인 조제우유는 일반 세균수, 대장균군을 포함하여 모든 검사에서 음성을 나타내었다. 이에 반하여 비멸균제품인 조제분유와 성장기용 조제분유에서의 일반세균수는 전체 시료 중 83.9%가 검출되었다. 조제분유는 전체 시료 중 72.6%가 g당 10~100 cfu를, 100~1,000 cfu가 7.9%로 조사되었으며, 성장기용조제분유는 전체 시료 중 79.0%가 g당 1~100 cfu를, 100~1,000 cfu가 11.6%로 조사되어 모든 제품이 1,000 cfu/g 이하를 나타내었다. 대장균군에 대한 검사에서는 전제 제품 중 조제분유와 성장기용조제분유가 각각 3건(1.6%)과 1건(1.1%)이 검출되었으며, 그 수준은 3.6, 3.0, 9.1, 9.1 MPN/g으로 조사되어 국내 기준 규격 (n = 5, c = 1, m = 0, M = 10)에 모두 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, FAO/WHO에서 category A 세균으로 분류하고 있는 Salmonella spp.와 Ent. sakazakii에 대한 검사에서는 모두 불검출로 조사되었다. category C group인 c. perfringens, E. coli O157, S. aureus, L. monocytogenes 4종의 식중독 유발 세균에 대한 검사에서도 모두 음성으로 나타났다. category C 세균 종 B. cereus는 조제분유와 성장기조제분유에서 전체 사료 중 12개 제품에서 g당 10-100 cfu의 수준의 균수가 검출되었다. 이와 같이 조제유류의 오염지표 세균 및 위해세균에 대한 검사에서 모두 국내 기준에 적합한 것으로 조사되었다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.128-134
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• 2013

Salmonella enterica serovar typhi, a Gram-negative food-borne pathogen, causes typhoid fever in humans. OmpC is an outer membrane porin of S. typhi expressed throughout the infection period. OmpC is potentially an attractive antigen for multivalent vaccines and diagnostic kit designs. In this study we combined in silico, in vitro and in vivo approaches to analyze various aspects of OmpC's antigenic properties. The conserved region, in addition to secondary and tertiary structures, and linear B cell epitopes, were predicted. A number of results obtained from in silico analyses were validated by experimental studies. OmpC was amplified, cloned and then expressed, with the recombinant protein then being purified. BALB/c mice were immunized by purified denatured OmpC. The titer of antibody was raised. Results of challenges with the pathogen revealed that the immunity is non-protective. Most of the theoretical and experimental results were in consensus. Introduced linear B cell epitopes can be employed for the design of diagnostic kits based on antigen-antibody interactions.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2004

It was conducted to evaluate the microbiological quality on the surface of slaughtered beef and pork products in Seoul from January 2003 to December 2003. Two hundreds four beefs and 284 pork carcasses were surveyed on generic E coli, total bacterial count for microbiological quality, and Salmonella spp as food-borne pathogen. The prevalence of the excellent or good grade(10$^4$ CFU/$\textrm{cm}^2$ in SPC) of beef and pork carcasses were 99.7% and 97.9%, respectively. The frequency of beef carcasses with less than 10$^2$ CFU/$\textrm{cm}^2$ of E coli was 100%, while that of pork carcasses was 98.2%. Salmonella spp was not recovered from all of beef and pork carcasses.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.78-82
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• 2023

Edwardsiella (E) tarda belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family and is a motile, gram-negative, rod-shaped, facultative anaerobe regarded as an opportunistic and food-borne pathogen in animals and humans. A 21-year-old male Eurasian brown bear (Ursus arctos arctos) died suddenly without any preliminary signs. Necropsy performed according to standard protocol revealed swollen abdomen with hemorrhagic congestions of the gastroenteric organs, ascites, and hemorrhagic exudates around the mouth. The liver showed discoloration, along with a severely swollen and multiple hemorrhages of the spleen, an elongated gallbladder, and a congested cortex and medullar lesion of kidneys. The stomach contained semi-liquid exudates and undigested chicken exuding a decayed odor. The stomach membranes were dark-gray in color with several cysts in the fundus lesions. Rod-shaped bacteria were found in the major organs by Giemsa staining, identified as E. tarda using a biochemical rapid diagnostic identification kit.

• Mycobiology
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.463-467
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• 2023

Soybean is one of the world's most widely cultivated food crops, and soybean seeds are supplied from national seed resources in Korea. However, the transmission of seed-borne diseases through infected soybean seeds is problematic. Among these diseases, soybean seed decay is caused by Diaporthe spp. Infecting the pods, and the infected seeds show rotting symptoms. Most diseased seeds are removed during the selection process; however, it is difficult to distinguish infected seeds that do not display symptoms. Hence, a sequencebased method was devised to screen Diaporthe-infected seeds. Based on the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribe spacer (ITS) region of the pathogen, a primer was designed to distinguish the infection from other soybean seed pathogens. As a result of the comparison between healthy and Diaporthe-diseased seeds by using the primers, Diaporthe was detected only in the diseased seeds. Therefore, it is possible to distribute healthy soybean seeds by detecting Diaporthe-diseased seeds at the genetic level using the Diaporthe-specific primers.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.537-540
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• 2009

Bactericidal efficacies of various sanitizers and disinfectants against 10 Bacillus cereus strains isolated from Korean foods and 8 standard B. cereus strains were investigated. The sanitizing capabilities of ethanol, iodine, chloride, quaternary ammonium, hydrogen peroxide, and peroxide acetic acid were investigated using the EN 1276 method based on quantitative suspension testing. The resistance against sanitizers and disinfectants was higher for wild-type than standard strains, and the bactericidal activities decreased in dirty conditions. Ethanol, chlorine, and iodine at the maximum level allowed under Korean food sanitation laws showed a great effectiveness against B. cereus. Hydrogen peroxide at 1,100 ppm showed the lowest bactericidal activity against B. cereus. These results indicate that the legally allowed maximum concentrations of sanitizers and disinfectants in Korea do not reduce all B. cereus strains by at least $5\;{\log}_{10}\;CFU/mL$.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.155-157
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• 2018

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Thompson strain MFDS1004024 는 2014 년 한국에서 발생한 식중독 사고의 게맛살에서 분리되었다. 본 연구에서는 4,742,942 bp 의 크기와 약 52%의 G + C 함량을 가진 MFDS1004024 균주의 완전한 유전체 염기서열을 분석하였다. 이 유전체에는 4,373 개의 코딩 서열, 22 개의 리보솜 RNA 유전자 및 84 개의 전사 RNA 유전자가 존재한다. 또한 유전체 분석 결과를 통해 살모넬라 감염과 베타락탐계 항생제 내성에 관련이 있는 유전자를 발견하였다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.948-953
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• 2007

The powdered cereal sunsik is a partially thermal-processed product that required safety evaluations for food-borne pathogens. Thirty-six sunsik products from Korean markets were collected and analyzed for contamination by total viable cell counts, coliforms, Escherichia coli, and the spore-forming Clostridium perfringens and Bacillus cereus. Enterobacter sakazakii, as a newly emerging pathogen, was also analyzed. Approximately 28% of sunsik were contaminated at 5 log CFU/g for total viable counts. Coliforms and E. coli were detected in 33 and 4% of the samples, respectively. The spore-forming B. cereus was found in 42% of the samples at a maximal level of 3 log CFU/g on average. About 6% the samples were contaminated with Cl. perfringens at an average level of 15 CFU/g. Forty-five % of sunsik contained E. sakazakii, at levels from 0.007 to over 1.1 cell/g by MPN method. In addition, one sunsik product for infants and children showed over 3 log CFU/g for both B. cereus and E. sakazaki. Therefore, concern should be placed on controlling for microbial hazards such as B. cereus and E. sakazakii in sunsik, particularly for the products fed to infants under 6 months of age.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.248-259
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• 2021

BACKGROUND: Contaminated water was a major source of food-borne pathogens in various recent fresh produce-related outbreaks. This study was conducted to investigate the microbial contamination level and correlations between the level of sanitary indicator bacteria and the detection ratio of pathogens in agricultural water by logistic regression analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Agricultural water was collected from 457 sites including surface water (n=300 sites) and groundwater (n=157 sites) in South Korea from 2018 to 2020. Sanitary indicator bacteria (total coliform, fecal coliform, and Escherichia coli) and food-borne pathogens (pathogenic E. coli, E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes) were analyzed. In surface water, the coliform, fecal coliform, and E. coli were 3.27±0.89 log CFU/100 mL, 1.90±1.19 log CFU/100 mL, and 1.39±1.26 log CFU/100 mL, respectively. For groundwater, three kinds of sanitary indicators ranged in the level from 0.09 - 0.57 log CFU/100 mL. Pathogenic E. coli, Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes were detected from 3%-site, 1.5%- site, and 0.6%-site water samples, respectively. According to the results of correlations between the level of sanitary indicator bacteria and the detection ratio of pathogens by logistic regression analysis, the probability of pathogen detection increased individually by 1.45 and 1.34 times as each total coliform and E. coli concentration increased by 1 log CFU/100mL. The accuracy of the model was 70.4%, and sensitivity and specificity were 81.5% and 51.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION(S): The results indicate the need to manage the microbial risk of agricultural water to enhance the safety of fresh produce. In addition, logistic regression analysis is useful to analyze the correlation between the level of sanitary indicator bacteria and the detection ratio of pathogens in agricultural water.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.146-150
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 지금까지 거의 보고된 바 없는 corosolic acid의 항균활성에 대해 대표적 식중독균 중 하나인 S. aureus를 대상으로 연구하였다. 대수기의 S. aureus에 corosolic acid를 처리하여 생장 저해 여부를 확인하였고, broth micro-dilution 방법과 agar disc diffusion 방법을 통해 corosolic acid의 S. aureus에 대한 항균활성을 측정해본 결과, corosolic acid의 농도에 비례하여 S. aureus 생장이 저해되는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 corosolic acid의 존재 조건에서 S. aureus의 바이오필름 형성능이 MIC 보다 높은 농도뿐 아니라 낮은 농도에서 역시 저해되는 것으로 관찰되었다. 따라서 천연물질인 corosolic acid는 S. aureus에 의한 식품 오염을 억제하고 식중독 예방 및 잠재적 치료제로서 개발 될 가능성이 있는 것으로 판단되며, 나아가 다른 종류의 식중독균들에 대한 적용 가능 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.