• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2017

Aflatoxin $M_1$ ($AFM_1$) after its bioconversion from aflatoxin $B_1$ in animal liver becomes the part of milk while heavy metals get entry into milk and milk products during handling in the supply chain. Aflatoxin $M_1$ and heavy metals being toxic compounds are needed to be monitored continuously to avoid any ailments among consumers of foods contaminated with such toxicants. Thirteen commercially available infant formula milk (IFM) brands available in Pakistani markets were analyzed for the quantitative determination of $AFM_1$ and heavy metals through ELISA and atomic absorption spectrophotometer, respectively. $AFM_1$ was found positive in 53.84% samples while 30.76% samples were found exceeding the maximum EU limit i.e. $0.025 {\mu}g/kg$ for $AFM_1$ in IFM. Heavy metals lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) were found below the detection limits in any of the sample, whereas the concentrations of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and nickel (Ni) ranged between 45.40-97.10, 29.72-113.50 and <$0.001-50.90 {\mu}g/kg$, respectively. The concentration of Fe in all the tested brands was found in normal ranges while the concentrations of Zn and Ni were found exceeding the standard norms. Elevated levels of $AFM_1$, Zn and Ni in some of the tested IFM brands indicated that a diet completely based on these IFM brands might pose sever health implications in the most vulnerable community i.e., infants.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2021

Human Sapovirus (HuSaV) is one of the major causes of acute gastroenteritis in humans, and it is used as a molecular diagnostic technique based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from humans, food, shellfish, and aquatic environments. In this study, the HuSaV diagnosis technique was used in an aquatic environment where a number of PCR inhibitors are included and pathogens, such as viruses, are estimated to exist at low concentration levels. HuSaV-specific primers are improved to detect 38 strains registered in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The established optimal condition and the composition, including the RT-nested PCR primers and SL® Non-specific reaction inhibitor, were found to have 100 times higher sensitivity based on HuSaV plasmid than the previously reported methods (100 ag based on HuSaV plasmid 1 ng/μL). Through an artificial infection test, the developed method was able to detect at least 1 fg/μL of HuSaV plasmid contaminated with total nucleic acid extracted from groundwater. In addition, RT-nested PCR primer sets for HuSaV detection can react, and a positive control is developed to verify false positives. This study is expected to be used as a HuSaV monitoring method in the future and applied to the safety response to HuSaV from water environments.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권4_spc호
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• pp.730-741
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• 2024

Pig production is one of the viable enterprises of the livestock sub-sector of agriculture. It contributes significantly to the economy and animal protein supply to enhance food security in Africa and globally. This article explored the present status of pig production in Africa, the challenges, prospects and potentials. The pig population of Africa represents 4.6% of the global pig population. They are widely distributed across Africa except in Northern Africa where pig production is not popular due to religio-cultural reasons. They are mostly reared in rural parts of Africa by smallholder farmers, informing why majority of the pig population in most parts of Africa are indigenous breeds and their crosses. Pig plays important roles in the sustenance of livelihood in the rural communities and have cultural and social significance. The pig production system in Africa is predominantly traditional, but rapidly growing and transforming into the modern system. The annual pork production in Africa has grown from less than a million tonnes in year 2000 to over 2 million tonnes in 2021. Incidence of disease outbreak, especially African swine fever is one of the main constraints affecting pig production in Africa. Others are lack of skills and technical know-how, high ambient temperature, limited access to high-quality breeds, high cost of feed ingredients and veterinary inputs, unfriendly government policies, religious and cultural bias, inadequate processing facilities as well as under-developed value-chain. The projected human population of 2.5 billion in Africa by 2050, increasing urbanization and decreasing farming population are pointers to the need for increased food production. The production systems of pigs in Africa requires developmental research, improvements in housing, feed production and manufacturing, animal health, processing, capacity building and pig friendly policies for improved productivity and facilitation of export.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.111-121
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• 2019

This paper reviews many aspects of ritual and traditional slaughter methods used to produce meat for human consumption in different countries. Undoubtedly, meat is an important source of nutrients that are essential for human health. The global meat market has become increasingly interested in Islamic halal and Jewish kosher slaughter, in particular because of potential market opportunities. The requirement for unstunned slaughter or reversible pre-slaughter stunning makes religiously-based methods of animal slaughter unique. This study suggests a simple framework for a halal and tayyib meat supply chain for the Muslim community that also maintains meat quality and wholesomeness from farm to table as a model for the religious slaughter of animals.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2020년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.224-227
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• 2020

현 식품 공급망은 중앙 집중화되어 있고, 투명하지 않으며 복잡한 시스템으로 인해 많은 문제점이 존재한다. 판매자는 싼값에 팔고 소비자는 비싼 값에 구매하는 문제가 지속적으로 대두되고 있으며 유통 과정에서 생기는 문제에 대한 책임 추적이 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 각 유통 단계에서 생성되는 IoT 센서 데이터를 블록체인 기술에 적용하며 이를 활용하는 방안에 대해 제안한다. 제안 모델을 통해 유동 과정과 데이터에 대한 신뢰성을 확보하고 제품의 원산지, 배송 과정, 보관 상태를 비롯한 유통 정보들을 추적할 수 있다.

• 융합경영연구
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.25-38
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• 2021

Purpose: This study is aiming at providing researchers and practitioners with new insights to analyse how retailers have made a contribution to the growth of HMR market in Japan and UK. Research design: The second section will look at the definition of HMR, and then, introduce each county's case, while analysing how retailers have developed the HMR market and illustrating some implications. Finally, the authors will draw a conclusion. Results: Retailers have established the retailer brand development department with the sophisticated retail information system which has made a considerable contribution to the growth of the HMR market. Also, it enables retailers to accumulate retail knowledge associated with ready-to-eat meals and train top-level experts, whilst helping them to build the trustworthy supply chain relationships by sharing the POS data with food manufacturers. Consequently, the cooperation with food manufacturers has enhanced in the HMR market in both Japan and UK, on the basis of sophisticated delivery system as well as the concept of innovation into the HMR sector. Conclusions: Retailers have to benchmark Japanese and British retailers' Knowledge to grow ready meal market in Korea and invest their marketing resources in developing various HMR foods, on the basis of innovative thinking.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.11-23
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to identify the ecological characteristics and biological interactions between species of the abandoned rice paddy field in mountainous areas and to suggest a management strategy for stable food chain formation and biodiversity enhancement. The study site is located in Uldae wetland of Songchu district Bukhansan National Park, site characteristics and biological habitat characteristics were identified through site survey and literature survey. With regard to physical environment, among geographical features, the Uldae Wetland and the neighborhood inside the basin was a gently sloping area($5{\sim}15^{\circ}$). And 64.0% of basin faced the north. With regard to water environment, the Uldae Wetland was wetland of rainfed paddy field depending on precipitation and the system of stream flowing into the wetland from valley. According to the results of examining flora in plant ecology, in general, they were herbaceous wetland species. 88.6% of existing plants inside the Uldae Wetland basin was a forest in the mountain. And Quercus spp. community and Pinus densiflora community accounted for 64.6% of that, and was dominant. Except for that, Salix koreensis community was distributed. The existing vegetation of Uldae Wetland inhabited wetland species and terrestrialization indicator species, and it was thought that partial terrestrialization inside the Uldae Wetland was in progress after the discontinuation of paddy cultivation, such as the expansion of Salix koreensis distribution area. In the status of appearing faunae in the Uldae Wetland with regard to wildbirds of appearing principal species, The Uldae wetland was based on a abandoned rice paddy field various wildlife, and was a wildlife feeding, spawning, and resting place. The water environment was an important factor in maintaining the wetland living creatures function, habitat of waterbirds and benthic macroinvertebrates, amphibians and odonate are spawning ground and habitat, it was affecting the vegetation ecosystem based on wetlands. In order to maintain the diversity of wildlife, it was important to maintain smooth water supply and water level. A stable food chain will be formed and the Uldae wetland biodiversity will be abundant by establishing the relationship between the species of Uldae wetland, which is abandoned rice paddy field, and the habitat environment favored by species belonging to the ecosystem stepwise linkage. The ecological characteristics of the Uldae wetlands and the relation between the species were analyzed and the environmental conditions were reflected in the planning and management plan of Uldae wetland ecology.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.108-113
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to develop predictive models for the growth of Listeria monocytogenes in pork Bulgogi at various storage temperatures. A two-strain mixture of L. monocytogenes (ATCC 15313 and isolated from pork Bulgogi) was inoculated on pork Bulgogi at 3 Log CFU/g. L. monocytogenes strains were enumerated using general plating method on Listeria selective medium. The inoculated samples were stored at 5, 15, and $25^{\circ}C$ for primary models. Primary models were developed using the Baranyi model equations, and the maximum specific growth rate was shown to be dependent on storage temperature. A secondary model of growth rate as a function of storage temperature was also developed. As the storage temperature increased, the lag time (LT) values decreased dramatically and the specific growth rate of L. monocytogenes increased. The mathematically predicted growth parameters were evaluated based on the modified bias factor ($B_f$), accuracy factor ($A_f$), root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient of determination ($R^2$), and relative errors (RE). These values indicated that the developed models were reliably able to predict the growth of L. monocytogenes in pork Bulgogi. Hence, the predictive models may be used to assess microbiological hygiene in the meat supply chain as a function of storage temperature.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.706-712
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• 2012

The present study was aimed to produce a chicken polyclonal antibody against Cronobacter muytjensii and to develop an immunoassay for its detection. Purification of anti-C. muytjensii IgY from egg yolk was accomplished using various methods such as water dilution and salt precipitation. As a result, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis produced two bands around 30 and 66 kDa, corresponding to a light and a heavy chain, respectively. Indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IC-ELISA) was performed to determine the effectiveness of the chicken IgY against C. muytjensii. The optimum conditions for detecting C. muytjensii by indirect ELISA and checkerboard titration of the antigen revealed an optimum average absorbance at the concentration of 18 ${\mu}g/mL$, having ca. $10^8$ coated cells per well. The anti-C. muytjensii IgY antibody had high specificity for C. muytjensii and low cross-reactivity with other tested pathogens. In this assay, no cross-reactivity was observed with the other genera of pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Salmonella Enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes. In addition, detection of C. muytjensii in infant formula powder showed a low matrix effect on the detection curve of IC-ELISA for C. muytjensii, with similar detection limit of $10^5$ CFU/mL as shown in standard curve. These findings demonstrate that the developed method is able to detect C. muytjensii in infant formula powder. Due to the stable antibody supply without sacrificing animals, this IgY can have wide applications for the rapid and accurate detection of C. muytjensii in dairy foods samples.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.389-406
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• 2011

국내외 탄소발자국 연구 동향을 분석하였으며 뉴질랜드 참다래의 전과정 평가 방법의 체계를 해석하였고, 경남지역 참다래를 중심으로 과수의 탄소발자국표지 적용에 대하여 제언하였다. 제품의 탄소발자국은 일반적으로 ISO14040 시리즈, PAS 2050, GHG Protocol 등과 같은 국제표준에 따라서 평가된다. 국내 탄소발자국 표지는 한국환경산업기술원이 환경부의 위탁하에 한국 표준을 마련하고 "기후변화대응", "저탄소상품"이란 문구가 표시된 탄소성적표지를 운영하고 있지만 현재까지 농산물은 인증대상에서 제외되어 있다. 반면 영국, 스웨덴, 덴마크, 뉴질랜드 등은 농산물의 전 과정 평가를 이미 수행하고 있다. 뉴질랜드 참다래의 전과정 평가는 ISO 표준 방법들을 준용하고 ISO 표준에서 분명한 기준이 없는 경우에는 PAS 2050 표준을 준용한다. 시스템 경계는 뉴질랜드 참다래의 총 온실가스 배출량에 대한 각 단계에서의 영향을 이해하기 위해서 과원 생산에서 소비까지의 모든 전과정 단계들을 포함하였다. 전과정 평가 결과에서 총 온실가스 배출량에 대한 각 단계의 영향은 과원 생산 17%, 포장(냉장) 12%, 뉴질랜드 항구 선적 1%, 선박운송 41%, 영국 Zeebrugge에서의 재포장 3%, 대형유통점 6%, 소비 및 쓰레기처리 21%로 나타났다. 선박운송과 같은 장거리 운송은 무역에서 장애물이 될 수 있으며, 이것을 극복하기 위해서는 과원과 냉장에서 온실가스의 감축이 필요하다. 국내 산업현황 분석에 따르면 최근 참다래 수입량은 매우 빠르게 증가하고 있음에도 불구하고 참다래 재배면적과 생산량은 감소하고 있으며, 수출량도 감소하고 있다. 그 이유는 수입 농산물들에 의해서 경제적 이익이 감소하였기 때문인데, 탄소발자국 표지는 참다래뿐만 아니라 국내 과수산업의 새로운 활력을 가져올 수 있다. 과수의 국제 표준에 의한 탄소발자국 도입은 가능한 한 조속히 수행되어야 할 것이다. 본 논문에서 제시된 뉴질랜드 참다래의 전과정 평가 방법 체계는 이를 위해서 유용하게 활용될 수 있다.