• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.35-44
• /
• 1975

This experiment was purposed to examine the natures of lipids in Platycodon glaucum root, one of the well-known vegetable food stuffs in Korea. The results on the lipids obtained as forms of esters of glycerol or sterol and their derivatives by the methods of T. L. C and G. C are summarized as follows. 1. The nature of lipids was shown as a yellow- brownish color, a little viscosity and the characteristic odor of Platycodon glaucum. 2. In case of the neutral lipid part, it was composed with the ratio of T. G 77.3%, D. G 4.9%, M. G 4.0%, S. E 8.7%, F. F. A 2.5%, and S 2.4%. 3. Considering the composition of fatty acids in T. G, the amount of saturated fatty acids was about 52.0%, and that of unsaturated about 14.0%. And the principal fatty acid of T. G remained primarily as palmitic and stearic acid.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.362-375
• /
• 2018

This study proposed a rapid microscopic examination method for pork freshness evaluation by using the self-assembled hyperspectral microscopic imaging (HMI) system with the help of feature extraction algorithm and pattern recognition methods. Pork samples were stored for different days ranging from 0 to 5 days and the freshness of samples was divided into three levels which were determined by total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content. Meanwhile, hyperspectral microscopic images of samples were acquired by HMI system and processed by the following steps for the further analysis. Firstly, characteristic hyperspectral microscopic images were extracted by using principal component analysis (PCA) and then texture features were selected based on the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). Next, features data were reduced dimensionality by fisher discriminant analysis (FDA) for further building classification model. Finally, compared with linear discriminant analysis (LDA) model and support vector machine (SVM) model, good back propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) model obtained the best freshness classification with a 100 % accuracy rating based on the extracted data. The results confirm that the fabricated HMI system combined with multivariate algorithms has ability to evaluate the fresh degree of pork accurately in the microscopic level, which plays an important role in animal food quality control.

• 유기물자원화
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.112-120
• /
• 2004

본 연구에서는 강원 영서지역의 도시쓰레기와 슬러지의 물리 화학적 특성을 조사 연구 하였다. 도시 쓰레와 슬러지는 각각 6곳,2곳에서 샘플을 수거 분석하였다. 이 지역에서 2000년도에는 하루 197.4 톤의 폐기물이 발생하였다. 폐기물의 성분은 음식물 26.6%, 종이류 24.2%, 플라스틱 비닐류 22.8%, 섬유류 9.6%, 목재류 3.8%, 고무류 2.8% 등으로 이루어져 있다. 도시쓰레기의 3성분은 수분 40.2%, 가연분 52.1%, 불연분 7.7% 이며 슬러지 3성분은 수분 83.3%, 가연분 7.7%, 불연분 9% 이다. 화학 조성은 탄소류 51.6%, 산소 38.6%, 수소 7%로 이루어져 있다. 도시 쓰레기의 고위 발열량은 4989.4 kcal/kg 이며 슬러지의 발열량은 4428.04 kcal/kg 이다. 용출 실험에서 중금속 성분은 거의 발견되지 않았다.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.122-133
• /
• 2006

Objectives : The amyloid $\beta$-protein ($A\beta$) is the principal component of the senile plaques characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and elicits a toxic effect on neurons in vitro and in vivo. Many environmental factors including antioxidants and proteoglycans modify $A{\beta}toxicity$. In this study, we have investigated the protective effects of water- and organic solvent-extracts of Hemerocallis fulva root fractions pre-extracted with methanol on $A\beta$-induced oxidative cell death in cultured rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Methods : For this study, we used MTT reduction assay for detection of protective effects of water- and organic solvent-extracts of Hemerocallis fulva root fractions pre-extracted with methanol on $A{\beta}_{25-35}$-induced cytotoxicity to PC12 cells. We also used cell-based $\beta$-secretase assay system to investigate the inhibitory effect of water- and organic solvent-extracts of Hemerocallis fulva root on $\beta$-secretase activity. Results : We previously reported that methanol extracts of Hemerocallis fulva root strongly attenuated cytotoxicity induced by the three $A\beta$ fragments ($A{\beta}_{25-35},\;A{\beta}_{1-42}\;A{\beta}_{1-43}$) to both SK-N-MC and PC12 cells. In the present study, we found that butanol-, ethylacetate-, chloroform-, and water-extracts of Hemerocallis fulva root fractions pre-extracted with methanol had strong protective effects against $A{\beta}_{25-35}$-induced cytotoxicity to PC12 cells and inhibitory potency to $\beta$-secretase activity. Conclusion : These results suggest that butanol-, ethylacetate-, chloroform-, and water-extracts of Hemerocallis fulva root fractions pre-extracted with methanol may contain the protective component(s) against $A\beta$-induced cell death in PC12 cells as well as inhibitory component(s) to $\beta$-secretase activity.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제43권3호
• /
• pp.249-254
• /
• 2011

생강은 다양한 생리활성이 보고되고 있으나 자극적인 향미로 인하여 건강식품 소재로의 사용에는 제약을 받아왔다. 본 연구에서는 낙농제품 및 김치 유래 유산균으로 발효생강을 제조하고 요쿠르트에 첨가하여 관능적 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 건 생강의 첨가는 플레인 요쿠르트의 맛과 전체적 선호도를 저하시켰으며, GSt, GLa, GLm(발효 생강)의 첨가도 저하시키는 경향을 나타낸 반면에 GLp 첨가구는 저하되지 않았다. 또한 모든 발효생강은 제조공정 중 생강의 특징적 향기성분이 감소하여 이들을 첨가한 요쿠루트의 향미에는 유의적인 영향을 주지 않았으므로 GLp 첨가는 건생강을 대신한 건강식품 소재로서 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 한편 생강의 생리활성 성분의 하나인 6-gingerol은 모든 발효생강에서는 발효 전에 비하여 감소하고 6-shogaol은 증가하였으나, GLp 발효생강에서는 6-shogaol 이 거의 검출되지 않은 점이 특이하였다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제41권2호
• /
• pp.312-323
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study was to use 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) to quantify taste-active and bioactive compounds in chicken breasts and thighs from Korean native chicken (KNC) [newly developed KNCs (KNC-A, -C, and -D) and commercial KNC-H] and white-semi broiler (WSB) used in Samgye. Further, each breed was differentiated using multivariate analyses, including a machine learning algorithm designed to use metabolic information from each type of chicken obtained using 1H-13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence (2D NMR). Breast meat from KNC-D chickens were superior to those of conventional KNC-H and WSB chickens in terms of both taste-active and bioactive compounds. In the multivariate analysis, meat portions (breast and thigh) and chicken breeds (KNCs and WSB) could be clearly distinguished based on the outcomes of the principal component analysis and partial least square-discriminant analysis (R2=0.945; Q2=0.901). Based on this, we determined the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for each of these components. AUC analysis identified 10 features which could be consistently applied to distinguish between all KNCs and WSB chickens in both breast (0.988) and thigh (1.000) meat without error. Here, both 1H NMR and 2D NMR could successfully quantify various target metabolites which could be used to distinguish between different chicken breeds based on their metabolic profile.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제40권4호
• /
• pp.344-350
• /
• 2016

Background: Mountain-cultivated ginseng (MCG) and cultivated ginseng (CG) both belong to Panax ginseng and have similar ingredients. However, their pharmacological activities are different due to their significantly different growth environments. Methods: An ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS)-based approach was developed to distinguish MCG and CG. Multivariate statistical methods, such as principal component analysis and supervised orthogonal partial-least-squares discrimination analysis were used to select the influential components. Results: Under optimized UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS conditions, 40 ginsenosides in both MCG and CG were unambiguously identified and tentatively assigned. The results showed that the characteristic components of CG and MCG included ginsenoside Ra3/isomer, gypenoside XVII, quinquenoside R1, ginsenoside Ra7, notoginsenoside Fe, ginsenoside Ra2, ginsenoside Rs6/Rs7, malonyl ginsenoside Rc, malonyl ginsenoside Rb1, malonyl ginsenoside Rb2, palmitoleic acid, and ethyl linoleate. The malony ginsenosides are abundant in CG, but higher levels of the minor ginsenosides were detected in MCG. Conclusion: This is the first time that the differences between CG and MCG have been observed systematically at the chemical level. Our results suggested that using the identified characteristic components as chemical markers to identify different ginseng products is effective and viable.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제23권7호
• /
• pp.1058-1064
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 'Campbell early' 포도의 품질예측을 위한 품질 지표를 구명하기 위하여 과피 색, SSC, pH, TA 그리고 경도 등 이화학적 품질 특성과 외관, 맛, 향 그리고 조직감 등 관능적 품질 특성을 각각 조사한 후 상관관계를 분석하였다. 동일한 크기의 포도를 5군데 농장으로부터 수집하여 본 연구에 시료로 사용하였다. 이화학적 품질 특성 분석 결과 과피의 CIE $L^*$, CIE $a^*/b^*$, SSC, pH, TA 그리고 경도가 시료군 간의 차이를 보였고, 관능적 품질 특성 분석 결과 과피 색의 강도, 줄기의 신선도, 포도 고유의 향, 신맛, 단맛 그리고 과립의 탄력도가 시료군 간의 차이를 보였다. 상관성 분석 결과 전반적인 기호도는 신맛이 약하고 단맛이 강하며, 경도가 단단할수록 높은 것으로 나타났다. 신맛은 이화학적 품질 특성 중 CIE $L^*$값과 $0.88^*$의 상관성을 보이고, 단맛의 경우 이화학적 품질 특성 중 경도와 $0.95^*$의 상관성을 보였다. 포도의 이화학적 품질 특성과 관능적 품질 특성의 주성분 분석을 실시한 결과 제 1주성분은 44.35% 그리고 제 2주성분은 33.77%의 설명력을 갖으며 총 설명력은 78.12%였다. 제 1주성분 중 이화학적 품질 특성은 경도로 나타났고 관능적 품질 특성은 단맛, 과립의 탄력도, 과육의 경도, 포도 향, 색의 정도, 단 향, 신맛 그리고 과피의 손상도로 나타났다. 제 2주성분 중 이화학적 품질 특성은 CIE $L^*$, TA, CIE $a^*$, CIE $a^*/b^*$, SSC/TA 그리고 SSC로 나타났으며 관능적 품질 특성은 과피의 두께로 나타났다. 본 실험 결과 이화학적 품질 특성인 경도, CIE $L^*$, 적정산도, CIE $a^*/b^*$, SSC/TA, 그리고 SSC와 관능적 품질 특성인 단맛, 과립의 탄력도, 포도 향, 색의 정도, 신맛 등을 'Campbell early' 포도의 품질지표로 적용하였을 때 소비자 기호도 예측이 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.91-97
• /
• 1974

This paper was developed for production of the humanized milk, comprising similarly to the composition and characteristic of human milk. Humanized milk of superior quality can be made directly from the fresh raw milk mixed vegetable oil, corn syrup, whey powder, ${\beta}-lactose$, sugar, vitamin, ${\beta}-carotene$ and minerals showing formulation of the humanized milk at table 2. The improving effects of adding vegetable oil and corn syrup are both more reformed the chemical and physical properties of humanized milk. The former enhanced the essential fatty acid and energy source in this product, the latter has the most solving function in water and induced amount of emulsion and stabilizer. The products contain about 13% protein, 23% fat, 58.3% carbohydrate, 2% ash and ensue reasonably balance of essential amino acid, poly-unsaturated fatty acid for the requirement of infants and controlled component of the humanized milk such as human milk.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.193-200
• /
• 2020

This study was conducted to understand the sensory characteristics and consumer acceptance for the commercially available clear broth for noodles. Totally, eight different clear broth samples were evaluated in this study. Seven trained panelists developed and evaluated sensory characteristics in the descriptive analysis. Significant differences (p<0.05) were obtained for all 28 attributes evaluated. Descriptive data was obtained by performing multivariate analysis of variance to identify differences between samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the mean values of descriptive attributes obtained in the descriptive analysis, and summarizes the sensory characteristics of clear broth for noodles. PCA of the clear broths revealed that the first two principal components are responsible for 80.66% variations. For sensory testing, 160 consumers were recruited, and their acceptance for each sample was assessed. Consumer data was obtained by applying partial least square-regression (PLSR) to establish the relationship between the descriptive data and the consumer acceptance data.