• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.129-138
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• 2010

An efficient transformation system for high-throughput functional genomic studies of kiwifruit has been developed to overcome the problem of necrosis in Actinidia arguta explants. The system uses Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 harbouring the binary vector pART27-10 to inoculate leaf strips. The vector contains neomycin phosphotransferase (nptII) and ${\beta}$-glucuronidase (GUS) (uidA) genes. A range of light intensities and different strengths of Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal salt media was used to overcome the problem of browning and/or necrosis of explants and calli. Callus browning was significantly reduced, resulting in regenerated adventitious shoots when the MS basal salt concentration in the culture medium was reduced to half-strength at low light intensity ($3.4\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$) conditions. Inoculated leaf strips produced putative transformed shoots of Actinidia arguta on half-MS basal salt medium supplemented with 3.0 $mg\;l^{-1}$ zeatin, 0.5 $mg\;l^{-1}$ 6-benzyladenine, 0.05 $mg\;l^{-1}$ naphthalene acetic acid, 150 $mg\;l^{-1}$ kanamycin and 300 $mg\;l^{-1}$ $Timentin^{(R)}$. All regenerated plantlets were deemed putativ transgenic by histochemical GUS assay and polymerase chain-reaction analysis.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.159-163
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• 2019

최근 생활수준의 향상으로 외식문화가 발전하고 있고 온라인과 오프라인으로도 냉동식품의 택배수요가 날로 증가하고 있다. 현재 이러한 식품유통의 대부분은 냉동차량에 의해서 이루어지고 있다. 냉동차량에서 가장 중요한 요소 중에 하나는 정확히 온도를 측정하는 것이다. 기존의 상용 온도 기록 시스템은 일반적으로 온도 센서 모듈을 기록계에 직접 연결하는 형태이다. 이러한 기존의 방법은 전선을 사용하여 기록계에 온도 데이터를 전송하기 때문에 케이블의 길이에 따라 저항 오차를 보상해야한다. 본 논문은 케이블 내의 저항으로 인해 발생하는 오차를 극복하기 위해서 디지털 처리와 CAN (Controller Area Network) 통신을 사용하는 것을 제안한다. 또한 온도 측정의 정확도를 높이기 위해서 백금 센서인 PT-1000을 사용한다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.173-176
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• 2007

${\gamma}-Oryzanol$ is one of the chain breaking antioxidants. Both sterol (triterpene) and phenolic hydroxyl groups in the structure of ${\gamma}-oryzanol$ may be responsible for its antioxidative function. We hypothesize that ${\gamma}-oryzanol$ is more effective in preventing the autoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) than the synthetic phenolic compounds in an oil/water (O/W) emulsion system. The antioxidative effectiveness of different concentrations of ${\gamma}-oryzanol$ and synthetic antioxidants was evaluated at different incubation times (0, 4, 8, 16, and 32 h) by measuring both the formation of hydroperoxides and the decomposition product of hydroperoxides (hexanal) in each emulsion system. Overall, the order of effectiveness of various antioxidants for inhibiting the formation of hydroperoxide in the O/W emulsion was: ${\gamma}-oryzanol$> tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ)> butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)> butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). O/W emulsion with selective lower concentrations of ${\gamma}-oryzanol$ showed better effectiveness than that with higher concentration of synthetic antioxidants. However, the ability of both ${\gamma}-oryzanol$ and synthetic antioxidants to decompose hydroperoxide was similar. ${\gamma}-Oryzanol$ was more effective antioxidant than the synthetic phenolic compounds in preventing the formation of hydroperoxide in the O/W emulsion system.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.744-750
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• 1999

Forty alcohol yeast strains were isolated from the main mashes (10 strains from each mash) for brewing of 4 different kinds of Korean traditional liquor (3 different types of Yakju and 1 Takju). Thirty-eight out of 40 strains were identified to be the same strain, Saccharomyces boulardii, by the Automated Bacteria, Yeast, and Fungi Identification System (Biolog Co., U.S.A.) based on the metabolic fingerprints. One strain that showed the highest ethanol production among the 38 strains in YPD medium, designated SHY 111, was selected and used for differentiating from other yeast type strains using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Amplified DNA, from transcribed internal spacers of SHY 111 chromosomal DNA, was found to be the same in both size and sequence as those of S. cerevisiae KCCM 11215 (formerly S. coreanus) and S. boulardii along with that of S. cerevisiae AB 972, which was used as a type strain for the yeast genome project. However, when PCR was carried out with the intron splice site primer, it resulted in the amplification of the SHY 111-specific DNA fragment which was about 200 bp in size. When PCR was carried out using the primer to test diversity of 40 isolated yeast strains, it was found that the PCR patterns were similar to each other except for the 200 bp bands derived from all the 10 strains from one Yakju, and 2 strains from another Yakju. These results suggest the strain identified as S. boulardii by the Automated Identification System to be a dominant strain for the fermentation of Korean traditional liquors.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.466-469
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• 2003

콜드체인용 골판지 상자의 냉기공과 상자의 압축강도와의 관계를 알아보고자, 골판지 상자에 각각 냉기공을 2 또는 3개를 뚫고, 냉기공의 크기와 면적을 달리하여 상온(RH 70$\pm$5 %)에서 4주간 저장하면서 골판지 상자의 압축강도를 측정하였다. 냉기공 면적이 4, 7, 10 %모두에서 냉기공의 크기가 폭은 좁고 길이가 긴 것이 압축강도가 높게 나타났다. 또한 냉기공 면적에 따른 압축강도를 살펴보면 냉기공 면적이 4 %인 상자가 다른 상자들에 비해 압축강도가 10 %이상 높게 나타났다. 하지만 냉기공 수에 따른 상자의 압축강도는 냉기공 2개와 3개간에 10 %미만의 압축강도 차이를 보여, 골판지 상자의 압축강도를 높이기 위해서는 냉기공이 차지하는 면적을 줄이고 냉기공의 모양은 폭이 좁고 길이는 길게 하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 판단되었다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권4_spc호
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• pp.730-741
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• 2024

Pig production is one of the viable enterprises of the livestock sub-sector of agriculture. It contributes significantly to the economy and animal protein supply to enhance food security in Africa and globally. This article explored the present status of pig production in Africa, the challenges, prospects and potentials. The pig population of Africa represents 4.6% of the global pig population. They are widely distributed across Africa except in Northern Africa where pig production is not popular due to religio-cultural reasons. They are mostly reared in rural parts of Africa by smallholder farmers, informing why majority of the pig population in most parts of Africa are indigenous breeds and their crosses. Pig plays important roles in the sustenance of livelihood in the rural communities and have cultural and social significance. The pig production system in Africa is predominantly traditional, but rapidly growing and transforming into the modern system. The annual pork production in Africa has grown from less than a million tonnes in year 2000 to over 2 million tonnes in 2021. Incidence of disease outbreak, especially African swine fever is one of the main constraints affecting pig production in Africa. Others are lack of skills and technical know-how, high ambient temperature, limited access to high-quality breeds, high cost of feed ingredients and veterinary inputs, unfriendly government policies, religious and cultural bias, inadequate processing facilities as well as under-developed value-chain. The projected human population of 2.5 billion in Africa by 2050, increasing urbanization and decreasing farming population are pointers to the need for increased food production. The production systems of pigs in Africa requires developmental research, improvements in housing, feed production and manufacturing, animal health, processing, capacity building and pig friendly policies for improved productivity and facilitation of export.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.196-200
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• 2004

There are increasing evidences that prebiotics can modulate various properties of the immune system. This study was conducted to investigate effects of three kinds of fructans (chicory inulin, chicory inulin oligosaccharide and fructooligosaccharide) and a glucose oligomer(isomaltooligosaccharide) in large bowel mass and innnunoglobulin A (IgA) in rats. Forty five Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing about 1909 were randomly sorted to receive one of the five treatments, which were control diet, control diet+6% isomaltooligosaccharide (IMOS), control diet+6% fructooligosaccharide (FOS), control diet+6% chicory inulin oligosaccharide (CIOS), or control diet + 6% chicory inulin (CI). Rats were pair-fed and received the experimental diets for 5 weeks. Cecal and colonic wall weights were significantly higher in fructan (FOS, CIOS, CI)-fed groups compared with control and IMOS groups, and the length of colon was elevated in FOS and CIOS groups compared with control group. Fecal concentrations of acetic acid and total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were significantly elevated in fructan-fed groups. Plasma and cecal levels and fecal excretion of immunogiobulin A (IgA) in rats were not significantly different among groups. However, fructooligosaccharide tended to increase IgA level in cecum. Cecal IgA level was significantly negatively correlated with pH of cecal content (r=-0.337), positively correlated with acetic acid level (r=0.310). Fecal IgA excretion was positively correlated with total SCFA (r=0.311) and propionic acid (r=0.400) level in feces. These results indicate that fructooligosaccharide and chicory inulin oligosaccharide exerted trophic effects in large bowel wall, increased production of SCFAs and decreased pH, which were conditions positively associated with cecal and colonic IgA secretion.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.249-272
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• 1999

The purpose of this was to solve conceptual problems of family restaurant through theoretical approach, to improve problems associated with managing restaurants, and to suggest plans for family restaurant chains. First of all, in order to improve the problems of franchising, the contents of contract were analyzed by showing the examples, and the methods were illustrated to analyze the overall contents. Hereafter, family restaurants will be categorized as either 'Casual Dining' or 'Theme Restaurant', some of the nicknames for family restaurant. However, the fundamental categories will be in accordance with the categories of NRA of the U.S.A. as 'Family Chain Restaurant', 'Grill-Buffet Restaurant' and 'Dinner House'. It is hoped that the future study categorize these three in more details. The problems of restaurant management were considered to be concerned with the owner and the managerial problems. As a way to overcome the problems associated with restaurant chain concept, the importance of manual and food & beverage production, the analysis on different methods of store development, the characteristics of manual, the interested items when filling-out, and the methods were presented. The basic systems of commissary food service were introduced and their effects were presented as well in this study. The stages of store development and the models of expansion were presented for an analysis. The main focus of this study was to grasp the flow of organizational and store expansion by analyzing on-site stores and headquarters office hence find out the reason why the current portion of family restaurant is decreasing and not increasing among dining out industry. Therefore, it has brought a great opportunity to seize the problems of structual systems of family restaurant. A family restaurant is no longer perceived as an ordinary restaurant, yet it represents a whole new cultural environment due to the unique characteristics of family restaurant such as its food culture, protocol, and various shapes and sizes. The researcher of this study extends his wish that the future study reinvestigates differently categorized family restaurant and gives much attention to a systematically independent research subject.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2001년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.568-571
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• 2001

본 실험실에서 개발한 3단계 메탄 발효시스템을 이용하여 음식물 쓰레기를 소화처리하고 그 폐액을 생물 여재막으로 처리하여도 여전히 고농도의 COD, BOD, T-N 그리고 T-P 올 함유하고 있기 때문에 조류를 이용하여 처리하였다. 이 때 T-N, T-P 는 각각 98%, 91% 의 제거율을 보였다. 한편 생리학적인 먹이 연쇄 관계에서 조류를 먹이원하여 생장한 조류를 제거하고자 하였다 . 물벼룩은 조류 배지애서는 10일 후 최대의 개체수를 보였으나 , 생물막 유출수에 조류 (1 x 10$10^6$ cells/$m{\ell}$) 와 물벼룩 5 마리를 접종한 시료에서는 물벼룩은 12 일 후 최대 180 마리로 관찰되었고 그 이후 로 점차 사멸하여 20 일 후 57 마리의 개체수를 나타냈다. 이 때 조류의 개체는 계속적으로 감소하여 $1.1{\times}10^5$ cells/$m{\ell}$을 보였다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
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• pp.184-184
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• 2023

Globally, agriculture is one of the largest consumers and polluters of water resources, contributing to the unsustainable use of limited water resources. To reduce the resource use and environmental footprints associated with current and future food systems, researchers and policy makers have recommended the transition to sustainable and healthier diets and the reduction of food loss and waste along the food supply chain. However, there is limited information on the synergistic effects and trade-offs of adopting the two measures. In this study, we assessed the water-saving potential of the two measures in South Korea using environmentally extended input-output relying on the EXIOBASE database for the reference year 2020, along with scenario analysis to model the potential outcomes. Specifically, we analyzed scenarios where meat consumption was reduced by 30% and 50% and in combination with a 50% reduction in food waste at the consumption stage for each scenario. According to our findings, by considering individual measures of dietary change and food waste reduction, shifting to a diet with 30% and 50% less meat consumption could lead to reduction in water footprint by 6.9% and 7.5%, respectively, while 50% reduction in food waste at the consumption stage could save about 14% of water footprint. However, the synergistic effects of the two measures such as 30% less meat consumption and 50% food waste reduction, and 50% less meat consumption and 50% food waste reduction result to 20% and 24% reductions in water footprint, respectively. Moreover, our findings also showed that increasing food consumption with high environmental impacts could promote resources use inefficiency when waste occurs. Thus, policy strategies that address synergistic effects of both dietary change and food waste reduction should be strengthened to achieve sustainable food system. International and national policies can increase resource efficiency by utilizing all available reduction potentials while considering strategies interactions.