• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.5-9
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• 2016

In the modern industrial society, huge amount of organic wastes have exceeded the society's self-cleaning capability, caused pollution of the whole environment, including water quality, soil, and the air, and become a big burden of waste treatment. Moreover, the emission of green house gases brought by the continual combustion of fossil fuels has facilitated the global warming. The simultaneous effect of initial and operational pH on $H_2$ yield was expressed using mathematical equation and optimized. The optimal initial and cultivation pH was 7.50 and 6.01, respectively. Addition of livestock wastewater to food waste substantially decreased the amount of alkali requirement and also improved the $H_2$ fermentation performance.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.663-668
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• 2012

The feasibility of enhancing biological nutrient removal from an industrial wastewater was tested with food waste leachate and sugar liquid waste as external carbon sources. Long term influences of adding external carbon sources were investigated to see how the biological nutrient removal process worked in terms of the removal efficiency. The addition of the external carbons led to a significant improvement in the removal efficiency of nutrients: from 49% to approximately 76% for nitrogen and from 64% to around 80% for phosphorus. Approximately, 20% of the removal nitrogen was synthesized into biomass, while the remaining 80% was denitrified. Though the addition of external carbon sources improved nutrient removal, it also increased the waste sludge production substantially. The optimal observed BOD/TN ratio, based on nitrogen removal and sludge production, was around 4.0 in this study.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.629-636
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• 2012

This study focuses on the feasibility of bio-gas production using anaerobic digestion by measuring methane generation and biodegradability through the BMP test of industrial organic wastes. Organic wastes consist of entrails of pigs and organic residues of rumen generated from slaughter houses, wastewater sludge from slaughter waste water, fish offal and residues of vegetables from public wholesale markets, and wastewater sludge from the process of wastewater treatment in paper mill. The cumulative methane production by BMP test ranges from 149.3 ml/g-VS to 406.6 ml/g-VS and this is similar to methane generation of the normal wastewater sludge and food waste. As a result of measurement of biodegradability, wastewater sludge (S1 ~ S4) is low, ranging from 27.1% to 58.9 % and organic residues of rumen (G1) is low at 49.6 %. In conclusion, it turned out that raising the hydrolysis by various pre-treatments is necessary in order to produce bio-gas by using industrial organic wastes.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.121-128
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• 2022

A tremendous amount of energy resources is being wasted in cleaning wastewater to save the environment across the globe. Several different procedures are commercially available to process wastewater. In this work, membrane filtration technique is used to treat the textile wastewater because of its cost effectiveness and low environmental impacts. Mixed Matrix Membrane (MMM) consist of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) in which Graphene Oxide (GO) was added as a filler material. Five different membranes by varying the quantity of GO were prepared. The prepared membrane has been characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD), Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Water Contact Angle (WCA). The prepared membranes have been utilized to treat textile wastewater. The synthesized membranes are used for the elimination of total dissolve solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), Methylene blue (MB) dye and copper metallic ions from textile wastewater. It is concluded that amount of GO has direct correlation with the quality of wastewater treatment. The maximum removal of TDS, TSS, MB and copper ions are found to be 7.42, 23.73, 50.53 and 64.5% respectively and are achieved by 0.02 wt% PVA-GO membrane.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.162-167
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• 2017

Functional and nutritional soluble proteins can be recovered from surimi (and surimi-like material) processing wastewater, reducing environmental problems and the cost of an irresponsible waste disposal. Recovered proteins may be added back at a low percentage to surimi products. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the addition of soluble recovered proteins (RP), obtained from mechanically separated chicken meat surimi-like material (MSCM-SLM) processing wastewater by acidic pH-shifting, on the composition and texture of RP-MSCM-SLM, with RP contents of 0, 10, 20 and 30% (w/w) in the mixture. For that, proximate composition and gel properties were evaluated. The fat content of the MSCM-SLM was significantly reduced to 11.98% and protein increased to 83.64% (dry basis) after three washing cycles. The addition of 30% RP in the MSCM-SLM significantly augmented the protein content to 93.45% and reduced fat content from to 2.78%. On the other hand, the addition of RP was responsible for a drastic decrease in texture parameters, reaching 252.36 g, 185.23 g.cm, and 6.97 N for breaking force, gel strength and cutting strength, respectively, when 30% of RP was included in the MSCM-SLM. It was concluded that the obtained intermediary product (RP-MSCM-SLM) is a good option to applications in processed meat products where high texture parameters are dispensable, e.g., emulsified inlaid frankfurter-type sausages, but high protein content and low fat content desired.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.295-302
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• 1994

For the development of biological wastewater treatment process using photosynthetic bacteria (PSB), photosynthetic sludge process consisted of anaerobic digestion and PSB reactor were designed for the treatment of swine wastewater and the optimal operating conditions in flask-scale were examined. Photosynthetic bacteria from soil, pond, rice field, ditch etc. were isolated in synthetic medium containing high amount of organic acids and finally isolated one strain KK14 which showed the most degradating ability of organic acids was selected for the treatment of swine wastewater. It was identified as Rhodopseudomonas palustris. In the anaerobic digestion stage, the maximum organic acid productivity was obtained at pH 5.0, $37^{\circ}C$, HRT 2 day and under anaerobic standing condition. The optimal operating conditions of PSB reactor for the treatment of swine wastewater were pH 7.0, $30^{\circ}C$ under 4,000 lux illumination, and optimal initial COD loading (kg COD/kg D. C. W of PSB) was 2 (20% v/v seeding) in the main purification stage. Maximum removal rate of COD reached 92% under the above optimal conditions for 5 days.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2008

Food wastewater derived from the three-stage methane fermentation system developed in this lab contained high concentration organic substances. The organic wastewater should be treated through advanced wastewater treatment system to satisfy the "Permissible Pollutant Discharge Standard of Korea". In order to treat the organic wastewater efficiently, several optimum operation conditions of a modified $UV/TiO_{2}$ photocatalytic system have been investigated. In the first process, wastewater was pre-treated with $FeCl_{3}$. The optimum pH and coagulant concentration were 4.0 and 2000mg/L, respectively. Through this process, 52.6% of CODcr was removed. The second process was $UV-TiO_{2}$ photocatalytic reaction. The optimum operation conditions for the system were as follows: UV lamp wavelength, 254 nm; wastewater temperature, $40^{\circ}C$; pH 8.0; and air flow rate, 40L/min, respectively. Through the above two combined processes, 69.7% of T-N and 70.9% of CODcr contained in the wastewater were removed.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.581-586
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• 2017

In this study, in order to find the feasibility of thermophilic biological pre-treatment for the co-digestion of food wastewater and sewage sludge, digestion efficiency of the combined thermophilic aerobic and mesophilic anaerobic process and its effect on methane production were investigated. Also, a lab-scale co-digestion process was operated to observe parameter changes according to the increase of organic loading rates using different dilution ratios of distilled water and food wastewater (1/3 [Run I], 2/3 [Run II] in addition to using the raw food wastewater [Run III]). The results indicated that co-digestion process maintained quite stable and constant pH during entire experiments. With regard to VS removal, the higher removal was observed in the combined process and the removal efficiency was 52.24% (Run I), 66.59% (Run II) and 72.53 (Run III), respectively. In addition, the combined process showed about an 1.6-fold improved methane production rate and significantly higher methane yield than that of using single anaerobic digestion process.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.901-908
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• 2009

We examine the processing method of the food wastewater to direct spray at living waste incinerator. The demoscale stoker system is used as a incineration facility. The results show that it brings effect on the reduction of nitrogen oxide ($NO_x$) concentration as well as the ammonia ($NH_3$) amount in SNCR (selective non-catalytic reduction) by the incineration of food wastewater which is containing a plentiful ammoniac nitrogen ($NH_3$-N). Furthermore, the stability of incineration facility and the extension of operation period is actualized as a improvement of clogging phenomenon on outer wall of water pipe as the 870~$950^{\circ}C$ maintain of exit temperature in a second combustor by spray of the food wastewater. The 26 items of air pollution matter of nitrogen oxide ($NO_x$), sulfur oxide ($SO_x$) and dioxin etc. are measured. The results show that it is under the value of allowable exhaust standard.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.57-65
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• 2008

Wastewater containing strong organic matter is very difficult to treat by utilizing general sewage treatment plant. but the wastewater is adequate to generate biomass energy (bio-gas; methane gas) by utilizing anaerobic digestion. EcoDays Plug Flow Reactor (E-PFR), which was already proved as an excellent aerobic wastewater treatment reactor, was adapted for anaerobic food wastewater digestion. This research was performed to improve the efficiency of bio-gas production and to optimize anaerobic wastewater treatment system. Food wastewater from N food waste treatment plant was applied for the pilot scale experiments. The results indicated that the efficiency of anaerobic wastewater treatment and the volume of bio-gas were increased by applying E-PFR to anaerobic digestion. The structural characteristics of E-PFR can cause the high efficiency of anaerobic treatment processes. The unique structure of E-PFR is a diaphragm dividing vertical hydraulic multi-stages and the inversely protruded fluid transfer tubes on each diaphragm. The unique structure of E-PFR can make gas hold-up space at the top part of each stage in the reactor. Also, E-PFR can contain relatively high MLSS concentration in lower stage by vertical up-flow of wastewater. This hydraulic flow can cause high buffering capacity against shock load from the wastewater in the reactor, resulting in stable pH (7.0~8.0), relatively higher wastewater treatment efficiency, and larger volume of bio-gas generation. In addition, relatively longer solid retention time (SRT) in the reactor can increase organic matter degradation and bio-gas production efficiency. These characteristics in the reactor can be regarded as "ideal" anaerobic wastewater treatment conditions. Anaerobic wastewater treatment plant design factor can be assessed for having 70 % of methane gas content, and better bio-gas yielding and stable treatment efficiency based on the results of this research. For example, inner circulation with generated bio-gas in the reactor and better mixing conditions by improving fluid transfer tube structure can be used for achieving better bio-gas yielding efficiency. This research results can be used for acquiring better improved regenerated energy system.