• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.141-143
• /
• 2002

The treatment efficacy of oral administration of praziquantel against the blood-sucking monogenean Microcotyle sebastis under the commercial rockfish-culture conditions was evaluated. The quantity of praziquantel added to the food was calculated so that the amount of praziquantel ingested daily by fish was 200mg or 400mg/kg body weight (bw). The fish were fed a moist-pelleted fish meal supplemented with praziquantel at an rate of 0 (control), 200 or 400 mg of praziquantel per kg bw, respectively, for 3 times at an interval of 24 h. On 1 day to 8 days after the treatment, 10 fish were taken randomly from each net-pen daily (80 fish in each group in total), and the efficacy of each treatment was confirmed. Abundance of worms were significantly reduced in groups fed praziquantel-supplemented diets. The results clearly demonstrated that feeding the praziquantel-supplemented diet was effective for controlling M. sebastis infestation in practical commercial rockfish-culture systems without imposing any handling stress.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제22권9호
• /
• pp.1328-1333
• /
• 2009

To evaluate different housing systems, 80 gilts were randomly allocated at puberty to four treatments: i) sow stall in gestation followed by farrowing crate (SC), ii) group housing with individual feeding in gestation followed by farrowing crate (GC), iii) ESF (Electronic Sow Feeding) system in gestation followed by farrowing crate (EC), and iv) ESF system followed by group farrowing pen (EG). The results showed that stalled sows had a longer interval between puberty and second estrus (p<0.001). The sows kept in the ESF system gained more body weight (p<0.01) and backfat (p<0.05) prior to service, and more backfat during gestation (p<0.05), but also had greater backfat losses in the subsequent lactation (p<0.01). Sows changing from loose housing to confinement at farrowing had longer gestation length (p<0.001). Total litter size did not differ significantly between gestation treatments, but the number of stillborn piglets was significantly higher in the SC treatment (p<0.01). After weaning, SC sows had the longest interval for rebreeding (p<0.001). Some EG sows came into heat before weaning, giving this treatment the shortest interval. These results indicate that gestation confinement in sow stalls had several detrimental effects on sow performance relative to group housing.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제24권5호
• /
• pp.650-654
• /
• 2011

An experiment involving 180 straight run one-day-Cobb broilers was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementation of L-leucine with different levels of crude protein (CP) on carcass composition and sensory characteristics of broiler grower-finisher chickens. Six experimental diets comprising two levels of crude protein (CP) i.e., 20 and 20% with three levels of L-leucine i.e. 0, 0.5 and 0.67%, were offered to birds from 21-42 d of age. The birds were randomly divided into 36 experimental pens, 5 chickens in each pen, and there were 6 replicates under each diet. L-leucine supplementation did not affect the bone and lean, whereas fat was decreased (p<0.05) when L-leucine was added at 0.5%. Similarly, there were no significant differences (p>0.05) in the lean, fat and bone among chickens fed two levels of CP. No significant differences between dietary treatments were observed on any sensory characteristics affected by dietary L-leucine and CP. From this study, it is obvious that supplementation of up to 0.5% L-leucine reduced fat. However, other characteristics were not affected by supplementation of L-leucine. Similarly, reduction of body composition and sensory characteristics were not apparent on a diet low in CP.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.278-286
• /
• 2018

Objective: Two experiments were conducted to evaluate vitamin $D_3$ administration to nursery pigs by injection or in drinking water on serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol ($25-OHD_3$) concentrations. Methods: At weaning, 51 pigs (27 and 24 pigs in experiments 1 and 2, respectively) were allotted to vitamin $D_3$ treatments. Treatments in experiment 1 were: i) control (CON), no vitamin administration beyond that in the diet, ii) intramuscular (IM) injection of 40,000 IU of vitamin $D_3$ at weaning, and iii) water administration, 5,493 IU of vitamin $D_3/L$ drinking water for 14 d post-weaning. Treatments in experiment 2 were: i) control (CON), no vitamin administration, and ii) water administration, 92 IU of $d-{\alpha}-tocopherol$ and 5,493 IU of vitamin $D_3/L$ drinking water for 28 d post-weaning. The lightest 2 pigs within each pen were IM injected with an additional 1,000 IU of $d-{\alpha}-tocopherol$, 100,000 IU of retinyl palmitate, and 100,000 IU of vitamin $D_3$. Results: In both experiments, serum $25-OHD_3$ was changed after vitamin $D_3$ administration (p<0.05). In experiment 1, injection and water groups had greater values than CON group through d 35 and 21 post-administration, respectively (p<0.05). In experiment 2, serum values peaked at d 3 post-administration in the injection groups regardless of water treatments (p<0.05) whereas CON and water-only groups had peaks at d 14 and 28 post-administration, respectively (p<0.05). Even though the injection groups had greater serum $25-OHD_3$ concentrations than the non-injection groups through d 7 post-administration regardless of water treatments (p<0.05), the water-only group had greater values than the injection-only group from d 21 post-administration onward (p<0.05). Conclusion: Serum $25-OHD_3$ concentrations in pigs increased either by vitamin $D_3$ injection or drinking water administration. Although a single vitamin $D_3$ injection enhanced serum $25-OHD_3$ concentrations greater than water administration in the initial period post-administration, a continuous supply of vitamin $D_3$ via drinking water could maintain higher serum values than the single injection.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제25권7호
• /
• pp.988-993
• /
• 2012

Four experimental diets were formulated to contain 700 g/kg cereal with decreasing levels of wheat:barley inclusion. Diet 1 contained 700 g/kg wheat, diet 2 contained 600 g/kg wheat and 100 g/kg barley, diet 3 contained 500 g/kg wheat and 200 g/kg barley and diet 4 contained 400 g/kg wheat and 300 g/kg barley. The diets were offered to pigs on three trials to investigate effects on the performance of individually (n = 72) and group housed (n = 480) pigs and on nutrient digestibility in pigs housed in metabolizm crates (n = 24). Performance was assessed from 10 wks of age until slaughter and carcass characteristics were measured. For the group performance study, one pig from each pen (in total 24) at 10, 15 wks and at finish were slaughtered to ascertain scores for stomach ulceration, stomach weights and intestinal length. Level of wheat inclusion did not significantly (p>0.05) affect liveweight gain (LWG) or feed conversion ratio (FCR). Feed intake was lowest (p<0.05) for individually housed pigs offered diets containing 700 g/kg wheat during the 10-15 wk period, which indicated that individually housed pigs attempted to eat to a constant energy intake. There was little evidence of stomach ulceration across treatments and increasing wheat inclusion had no detrimental effect. Higher levels of wheat inclusion tended to increase backfat depth at the $P_2$ position which could lead to increasing grading penalties in a commercial situation although more research is required in this area. Increasing level of wheat inclusion increased digestible energy (DE) content but the lack of effect on FCR and killing out percentage indicated that utilization of energy from barley and wheat was similar. Digestibility coefficients increased linearly with increasing wheat content, which can be attributed to the lower level of fibre and higher level of starch in wheat compared with barley.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.684-692
• /
• 2011

The quality attributes of thigh meat from a certified meat-type commercial Korean native chicken (WoorimatdagTM, WM) and a commercial broiler (Ross, CB) raised under the same environmental conditions, were compared. One-d-old, mixedsex WM (200), and 200 broilers (Ross, CB) each were randomly assigned to floor pens (20 chickens per pen). The production stages (I, II, and III) were selected based on similar live weight. The crude fat contents of WM thigh meat were lower than those of CB. WM thigh meat contained higher stearic and arachidonic acid contents but lower palmitoleic and oleic acid contents compared to those of CB. The thigh meat color CIE $L^*$- and CIE $b^*$-values of WM were lower, but inosine-5'-monophosphate content was higher in WM than CB in whole production stages. WM thigh meat showed higher collagen content, hardness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness than CB. In sensory evaluation, odor, taste, and overall acceptance were higher while color was lower in WM. Based on these results, it can be concluded that even if commercial broilers are raised under the same environmental conditions as WM, the unique quality attributes of WM thigh meat are distinctively unique.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.348-355
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investage the effects of dietary bamboo charcoal on the carcass characteristics and meat quality of fattening pigs. Fifty four crossed pigs of $61.0{\pm}1.0$ kg body weight (BW) were grouped and housed in 6 animals (3 barrows and 3 gilts) per pen and 3 replications per treatment. The basal diet (C) was supplied with 0.3% bamboo charcoal as treatment 1 (T1) and 0.6 % as treatment 2 (T2). The pigs were fed that experimental diet for 42 days, thereafter 10 longissimus dorsi (LD) per treatment were randomly collected at the time the pigs reached an average weight of $110.0{\pm}5.0$ kg. The carcass weight, backfat thickness, and the carcass grade were better (p<0.05) in the pigs fed bamboo charcoal than in C. The crude fat concentration of LD was higher (p<0.05) in T1 than in C. While the composition of stearic acid and arachidonic acid was lower (p<0.05) in treatments than in C, the composition of oleic acid and linoleic acid of treatments was higher (p<0.05) than C. The physico-chemical characteristics, such as meat color and amino acid composition of LD were not affected (p>0.05) by the supplemented bamboo charcoal. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with bamboo charcoal improved the carcass grade and fatty acids composition of pork meat from fattening pigs, where the composition of unsaturated fatty acids was increased, but that of saturated fatty acids was decreased.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.341-347
• /
• 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of early diet dilution with 40% rice hull on growth performance, carcass characteristic and composition of meat-type ducks, and to reveal the possible mechanism for decreased body fat deposition. 160 1-day-old White Peking ducks with initial body weight of $44.5{\pm}1.0$ g were allotted to two treatments with 8 replicate pens per treatment and 10 ducks per pen (5 male and 5 female). Ducks were fed with the experimental starter diets diluted with 0% (control, RH0), 40% rice hull (RH40) during 8 to 14 d of age, respectively. Thereafter, all ducks were fed with grower diet. Ducks fed with RH40 diet from 8 to 14 d of age increased (p<0.05) feed intake, decreased (p<0.05) body weight, body weight gain and adjusted feed intake (excluded rice hull), abdominal fat, skin with fat, and fat content in carcass, and reduced (p<0.05) activities of hepatic malic dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and fatty acid synthetase. When diet dilution was withdrawn in the re-fed period from 15 to 42 d of age, full compensatory growth of body weight, breast meat and leg meat weight were attained. However, ducks were still less (p<0.05) carcass fat content and showed continually lower (p<0.05) hepatic lipogenic enzyme activities at the market age in RH40 ducks than the control. These results indicated that diluting diet with 40% rice hull during 8 to 14 d of age might be a suitable method to improve feed efficiency, and to reduce carcass fat deposition in the production of meat-type ducks.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.207-214
• /
• 2011

The influence of supplementing diets with various levels of organic zinc (OZ) on the performance, meat quality attributes, and sensory properties of broiler chickens was investigated. A total of 3,200 1-d-old female broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 16 floor pens (replicates) with 200 birds per pen. A corn-wheat-soybean meal basal diet (control) was formulated and 20 ppm OZ (20 OZ), 40 ppm OZ (40 OZ), or 80 ppm OZ (80 OZ) was added to the basal diet to form four dietary treatments with four replicates per treatment. Live performance of broiler chickens, meat quality, and sensory properties were evaluated. The results showed no significant difference among the treatments for live performance of broiler chickens. Significant increases (p<0.05) in thigh skin epidermis and dermis thickness were shown in the OZ supplementation groups; however, no effect of OZ on the thickness of back skin epidermis or dermis was found. Dietary OZ levels did not affect the pH of breast and thigh meat or the water holding capacity (WHC) of thigh meat, but the WHC of breast meat increased significantly (p<0.05) when birds were fed 40 OZ and 80 OZ. Results of a sensory analysis showed no differences among the dietary treatments. In conclusion, dietary OZ did not affect live performance or sensory properties of broiler chickens but did increase the WHC of breast meat and thickness of skin layers; thus, improving carcass quality in broiler chickens.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.83-88
• /
• 2013

This study investigated the effect of wild grape (Vitis coignetiae) dietary supplementation on the antioxidative potential and quality of the breast and leg meat of broilers. A total of 36 one-day-old male Cobb broiler chicks were obtained from a commercial hatchery, and randomly assigned to 9 pens with 4 birds per pen. Then, broilers were fed 3 different dietary supplementations, including 0%, 0.25%, or 0.5% wild grape, for 2 wks at the finishing period. After slaughtering, the total phenolic content, ${\alpha}$,${\alpha}$'-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and total cholesterol content of broiler breast and leg meat were measured. Higher total phenolic content was recorded in the leg meat of broilers fed the wild grape when compared with the control, while breast meat did not show any difference. Dietary supplementation of 0.25% and 0.5% wild grape significantly increased DPPH radical scavenging activity of both breast and leg meat. TBARS values of both breast and leg meat were decreased by supplementation of 0.5% wild grape during storage when compared to the control, except for the leg meat at day 7. However, there was no significant difference found in total cholesterol content in both breast and leg meat. The results indicate that the antioxidative potential of broiler meat is improved by supplementing the diet with wild grape.