• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.34-44
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• 1999

A survey was conducted to investigate the attitudes of public officials related to food hygiene toward food safety. The official groups were divided into four sub-groups based on their area, agency, gender and age. Response of each group to the survey was statistically analysed. The survey's results showed that most of them (87.0%) were satisfied with a domestic level of food hygiene. But, some of then (29.8%) considered unsatisfactoryly on safety of the food they eat. Their response to food safety did not statistically significant between each group of area, agency and age but, in case of gender, female group showed stastically more negative attitude to food safety than male one (P<0.05). All groups chose residues of chemical substances such as pesticides and food additives as the most potential food risk factor followed by foodborne pathogens, heavy metals and animal drug residues. The results are not consistent with the scientific judgement. Therefore, more education and information were needed fro these groups. They pointed out food manufacturer as a responsible group for poor food hygiene (48.7%). In addition, food manufacture and processing were selected as main business types with the lowest level in the food hygiene but official, working in the area of the central government and Seoul metropolitan city, pointed out food services establishments as the poorest hygiene one (P<0.01). This results suggested that education and information to let mind of responded groups change, working in this part, and governmental financial support are needed to improve hygiene level of food manufacture and processing (70.3%). They also chose HACCP as the most effective way for improving the level of food hygiene followed by Recall, PL (Product Liability), monitoring, labeling and increasing of number of company with good manufacture and processing (GMP).

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.24-33
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• 2015

This study examined the utilization of processed food and the recognition of food labels among 257 university students (201 females and 56 males) in Seoul and Kangwon-do. The results of the study showed that the most important considered information on food labels are shelf life, nutrition facts, and price in sequential order. Female students' recognition of nutrition facts was significantly higher than that of male students (p<0.05). Female students more attentively checked the manufacturer, origin of the products, and shelf life information on food labels than did the male students. In checking out the food labels information, the most checked items on food labels were calories, trans fatty acid and cholesterol in that order and the least checked information was the sodium contents. Among processed foods, male students' consumption was dominant in instant noodles, frozen dumplings, and canned goods, while female students had more candies/chocolates. In selecting processed foods, male students showed strong preference for cheaper and quantitative products, while female students chose more tasty, brand new, well-known brand, and products of domestic origin. Frequency of canned and frozen food consumption showed a positive correlation with BMI, while candies/chocolates showed a negative correlations with BMI. Negative correlations were found in the attitude of selecting food with longer shelf life and BMI. The results of this study suggest that university students need to be well informed to make wise food choices that contribute to a healthy diet. Additionally, food manufacturers and government authorities concerned should make certain that consumers know how to use food label information more easily and effectively through proper education.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.1605-1614
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• 2022

The strains associated with foodborne Salmonella enterica Thompson outbreaks in Korea have not been identified. Therefore, we characterized S. Thompson strains isolated from chocolate cakes linked to foodborne outbreaks in Korea. A total of 56 strains were isolated from preserved cake products, products in the supply chain distribution, the manufacturer's apparatus, and egg white liquid products used for cream preparation. Subsequently, serological typing, pathogenic gene-targeted polymerase chain reaction (PCR), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and whole-genome multi-locus sequence typing (wgMLST) were performed to characterize these isolates. The antigen formula of all isolates was 7:k:1,5, namely Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Thompson. All 56 isolates harbored invA, his, hin, and stn, and were negative for sefA and spvC based on gene-targeted PCR analyses. Based on PFGE results, these isolates were classified into one group based on the same SP6X01.011 pattern with 100% similarity. We selected 19 strains based on the region and sample type, which were subjected to wgMLST. Although the examined strains showed 100% similarity, they were classified into seven clusters based on allelic differences. According to our findings, the cause of these outbreaks was chocolate cake manufactured with egg white liquid contaminated with the same Salmonella Thompson. Additionally, comparative analysis of wgMLST on domestic isolates of S. Thompson from the three outbreaks showed genetic similarities of over 99.6%. Based on the results, the PFGE and wgMLST combination can provide highly resolved phylogeny and reliable evidence during Salmonella outbreak investigations.

• 의료법학
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.63-89
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• 2014

In 1976, the Dalkon Shield-intrauterine device injured several thousand women in U.S.A. which caused the changes of medical deivce regulation. The Medical Device Regulation Act or Medical Device Amendments of 1976 (MDA) was introduce. As part of the process of regulating medical devices, the MDA divides medical devices into three categories. The class II, and III devices which have moderate harm or more can use the section 510 (k), premarket notification process if the manufacturer can establish that its device is "substantially equivalent" to a device that was marketed before 1976. In 21 U.S.C. ${\S}$ 360k(a), MDA introduced a provision which expressly preempts competing state laws or regulations. After that, the judicial debates had began over the proper interpretation and application of Section 360(k) In February 2008, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Riegel v. Medtronic that manufacturer approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s pre-market approval process are preempted from liability, even when the devices have defective design or lack of labeling. But the Supreme Court ruled in Medtronic Inc. v. Lora Lohr that the manufactures which use the section 510 (k) process cannot be preempted and in Bausch v. Stryker Corp. that manufactures which violated the CGMP standard are also liable to the damage of patient at the state courts. In 2009, the Supreme Court ruled in Wyeth v. Levine that patients harmed by prescription drugs can claim damages in state courts. This may cause a double standard between prescription drugs and medical devices. FDA Preemption is the legal theory in the United States that exempts product manufacturers from tort claims regarding Food and Drug Administration approved products. FDA Preemption has been a highly contentious issue. In general, consumer groups are against it while the FDA and pharmaceutical manufacturers are in favor of it. This issues also influences the theory of product liability of U.S.A. Complete immunity preemption is an issue need to be more declared.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.24-27
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• 2006

A simple HPLC quantification method was developed for genistein, genistin, daidzein, and daidzin in soybeans and soybean products. The procedure used a $4.6{\times}100\;mm$ $Chromolith^{(R)}$ RP-18e column with a mobile phase of 1% HOAc in 20% MeOH to 1% HOAc in 80% MeOH for 10 min. The injection volume was $2\;{\mu}L$ at a flow rate of 2 mL/min. Detection was carried out under UV at 254 nm. Under these conditions, the major isoflavones daidzein, daidzin, genistein, and genistin in soybean and soybean pastes were eluted within 7 min with baseline separation. Optimal extraction of the above four major isoflavones was achieved when 40 g of soybean or soybean paste was refluxed in 100 mL of 95% ethanol for 2 hr. Ten different soybean cultivars and nine commercial soybean pastes were analyzed by this method. The total isoflavone content was highest in the cultivar Somyung ($2,497\;{\mu}g/g$ dry weight). The isoflavone content in soybean pastes varied widely from manufacturer to manufacturer (an almost five-fold difference between the highest and lowest values). Such variations were presumably due to differences in fermentation conditions, type of soybeans used, and levels of such additives as starch and salt.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.1147-1155
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• 2014

Adolescence is the most important period of healthy development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the food recognition, snack preference, and dietary behavior of 1st grade of middle and high school boys and girls. Subjects were 5,554 students from 16 schools with healthy tuck shop and 3,406 students from 9 schools without healthy tuck shop in Seoul, Korea. Students from schools with healthy tuck shop are significantly higher than control group for facility satisfaction and hygiene satisfaction (all p<0.05). For fruit, the preference (p<0.05) and recognition (attitude, p<0.001: intention, p<0.05: eating habit, p<0.001: social-environment, p<0.001: self-efficacy, p<0.001) of students in schools with healthy tuck shop are significantly higher than those in schools without healthy tuck shop. For the habit of checking the manufacturer, students in schools with healthy tuck shop were significantly higher than students in schools without healthy tuck shop (p<0.05). The result suggested that we have to create an environment in which fruits can be purchased easily at a tuck shop and to educate adolescents for the importance of healthy food purchasing behavior. In conclusion, healthy school tuck shop had a positive effect on accessibility to healthy food.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1083-1094
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to provide a fundamental research data that is necessary in an education of dietary life so that the students have sound dietary life through a right food purchase after investigating perception of children's dietary habit and activity, food labelling, and nutrition labelling for 400 students of the 5 and 6th grades. The result of the study are as followings. In terms of perception questions over food labelling, on the whole, "know it little bit" was the highest. Girls and country was higher than boys and city. A list of item that is important in contents of food labelling were period of circulation, data of manufacturing, price, used ingredient, origin of product, nutrition contain labelling, manufacturer, quantity in contents(quantity, the number). A meaningful difference was shown in gender(p<.05) and area(p<.01). In 30 perception questions over nutrition labelling, "know it little bit" was the most, and girls and country were higher than boys and city. In ascertaining nutrition labelling at the time of purchasing the food, "look often" was the most. Girls and city were higher than boys and Gun in average but no difference was statistically shown in knowledge mark in utilization and perception of nutrition labelling. The response rate in girls(p<.01) and country(p<.05) was higher in a question of "if nutrition labelling is displayed, nutriment that is harmful for our body will be eaten less" and girls' response rate was higher in the question of "being educated for my health". Therefore, practice centered nutrition education is necessary to purchase the food after ascertaining food nutrition labelling out of an attitude in habitually purchasing the processed food. The students develop comprehensible food nutrition labelling the direction to emphasizing nutrition educational labelling and recognizing that the healthy nutriment is contained without conventional and food safety centered labelling should be changed.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 1997

본 연구는 음식쓰레기 분해촉진용으로 시판되고 있는 식종물질을 음식쓰레기에 첨가하여 처리했을 때의 음식쓰레기 분해정도를 숙성퇴비를 사용한 경우와 비교한 것이다. 시판 중인 식종물질로는 GM(Green Microorganisms)과 EM (Effective Microorganisms) 두가지를 실험대상으로 하였다. 음식쓰레기 분해효과를 비교하기 위하여 일반적인 퇴비화실험과 식종물질제품의 시방내용을 준수한 간이처리실험을 병행하였다. 음식쓰레기 분해효과는 온도와 VS 감소율, 그리고 FDA (Fluorescein DiAcetate) 가수분해활성의 변화를 통하여 비교하였다. 온도변화 및 도달한 최고온도를 비교할 때 일반퇴비화실험에서는 $55{\sim}57^{\circ}C$까지 상승하였으나 간이처리실험에서는 거의 온도상승이 관찰되지 않았다. 퇴비화실험에서는 숙성퇴비를 첨가한 음식쓰레기의 최고온도가 GM을 첨가한 경우보다 $2^{\circ}C$ 높았다. VS 함량의 변화를 볼 때 일반 퇴비화실험에는 VS가 27~32% 감소하였으나 간이처리실험에서는 불과 6~7%만이 감소하였다. 퇴비화실험에서 숙성퇴비를 첨가한 음식쓰레기의 VS 감소율은 GM을 첨가한 음식쓰레기의 경우보다 약 5% 높았다. FDA 가수분해활성도를 이용하여 측정한 미생물활성은 퇴비화실험에서는 초기 10일까지 증가한 후 감소하기 시작하였으나 간이처리한 음식쓰레기에서는 초반부터 줄곧 감소하였다. 수치상으로 대소를 비교하여 보면 초반에는 간이처리실험의 미생물활성이 일반퇴비화실험의 경우보다 높게 나타났으나 반응기간이 경과하여도 활성이 계속 감소하여 결국 일반 퇴비화실험보다 미생물활성이 전반적으로 낮았다. 퇴비화실험에서는 숙성퇴비를 첨가한 음식쓰레기의 미생물활성이 GM을 첨가한 경우보다 높았다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.495-500
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• 1998

To compare the extent of heat treatment in domestic infant formula, pH,titratable acidity, undenatured whey protein contents, HMF contents and protein-reducing substances of three commercial products (A, B, C) were measured. The pH of B products was lowest and the titratable acidity of B product was highest. The contents of undenatured whey protein per 100ml serum were 0∼30mg(A products), 90∼130mg(B products)and 80∼90mg(C products), respectively. Distinct differences of undenatured whey protein contents according to the manufacturer and infat's stage in age could be observed. The HMF contents of tested products showed 10.9∼21.5umol/L and B-2 product(B products for the second stage of 5∼9 month) was the highest among tested products. The protein-reducing substances showed 4.46∼9.50mg K4Fe(CN)6/100ml serum nd B-2 product was the highest among tested products.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the consumption pattern of convenience flood products, and related factors among 229 Chungnam College student in Daejeon, using a written questionnaire. Of the students 31.9% were male, and 68.1% female. The results have been summarized as follows: 1) The averages household income ranged from ￦ 1,500,000 to ￦ 2,070,000 a month. Convenience flood intake of lunch was 46%, and of snacks was 31.4%. The frequency of purchasing convenience floods with a manufacturer s date was 6.09 $\pm$ 1.16, with packing conditions was 5.55 $\pm$ 1.21, with ingredients listed was 5.43 $\pm$ 1.23, and with a price was 5.40 $\pm$ 1.16. 2) In comparing household income by convenience food intake, those with household incomes ranging from ￦ 2,000,000 to ￦ 2,500,000 had a frequency of convenience flood intake of 2 to 3 times per month. When the pocket money level increased, the convenience flood intake increased. This study provides information on convenience flood intake.