• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.199-222
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• 2017

Currently, many punitive damages (or statutory damages) and class action laws are discussed in relation to the consumer damage relief system. It is in the background of the argument that the introduction of such a victim relief system will solve many small and large consumer damages. There are many cases in which the punitive damages compensation or the class action system are introduced in relation to the food safety damage naturally. Although the introduction of such a system can clearly help the consumer to relieve large-scale damage, it can not solve all the problems at once because the company can reject the system despite the introduction of such a system. In particular, class action lawsuits should have the same type of damage, but most of the damage caused by food safety is accompanied by physical harm, resulting in various complications such as the physical characteristics of the victim, the health environment. The class action system may not provide a solution in that the content and type of the damage may be different. In this regard, this study aims to investigate the introduction of the food safety damage relief system through the introduction of an administrative dispute settlement system by an administrative agency that occupies an absolute position in the existing consumer protection from this point of view. In reality, the Food and Drug Administration, which is the largest among government agencies related to food, operates a passive attitude consumer protection system such as function like guidance, supervision and surveillance. And it is necessary to make a complementary proposal. In the current law, there is only a small part of the consumer protection work that is positively legal, and even after the damage is scientifically identified, it is not possible to present the solution to the damage suffered by the consumer through legislation. This is a fact that has been raised. In this paper, we propose a reasonable and rapid disaster relief procedure through a separate mechanism within the administrative agency, which is the administration agency, that the dispute settlement procedure due to food safety damage is insufficient by solving the case through the court through counseling, dispute adjustment and civil proceedings. In order to solve the problem of food insecurity and the food industry, various ways of rational solution of the problem were considered. The possibility of (1) Establishment of a food safety dispute resolution committee; (2) Establishment of a food safety disaster relief committee; and (3) Establishment of a food safety disaster relief committee was discussed. In addition, a plan for the creation of a food damage compensation fund was also proposed.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2016년도 학술발표회
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• pp.518-518
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• 2016

Agriculture is the lifeblood of the economy in Ghana, employs about 42% of the population work force and accounts for 30% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Corn (maize) is the major cereal crop grown as staple food under rain fed conditions, covers over 92% of the total agricultural area, and contributes 54% of the caloric intake. Issues of hunger and food insecurity for the entire nation are associated with corn scarcity and low production. The climate changes are expected to affect corn production in Ghana. This study evaluated variations of corn yields based on different climate conditions of rain-fed area in the Dangbe East District of Ghana. AquaCrop model has been used to simulate corn growing cycles in study area for this purpose. The main goal for this study was to predict yield of corn using selected climatic parameters from 1992 to 2013 using different climate scenarios. The Model was calibrated and validated using observed field data, and the simulated grain yields matched well with observed values for the season under production giving an R squared (R2)of 0.93 and Nash-Sutcliff Error(NSE) of 0.21. Study results showed that rainfall reduction in the range of -5% to -20% would reduce the yield from 1.315ton/ha to 0.421ton/ha (-21. 3%) whereas increasing temperature from 1% to 7% would result in the maximum yield reduction of -20.6% (1.315 to 1.09 ton/ha.). On the other hand, increasing rainfall from 5-20% resulted in yield increment of 68% (1.315-2.209 ton/ha) and decreasing temperature produce 7% increase in yield ( 1.315 to 1.401ton/ha). These results provide useful information to adopt strategies by the Government of Ghana and farmers for improving national food security under climate change.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.149-164
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• 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The economic recession caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic disproportionately affected poor and vulnerable populations globally. Better uunderstanding of vulnerability to shocks in food supply and demand in the Asia Pacific region is needed. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Using secondary data from rapid assessment surveys during the pandemic response (n = 10,420 in mid-2020; n = 6,004 in mid-2021) in India, Indonesia, Myanmar, and Vietnam, this study examined the risk factors for reported income reduction or job loss in mid-2021 and the temporal trend in food security status (household food availability, and market availability and affordability of essential items) from mid-2020 to mid-2021. RESULTS: The proportion of job loss/reduced household income was highest in India (60.4%) and lowest in Indonesia (39.0%). Urban residence (odds ratio [OR] range, 2.20-4.11; countries with significant results only), female respondents (OR range, 1.40-1.69), engagement in daily waged labor (OR range, 1.54-1.68), and running a small trade/business (OR range, 1.66-2.71) were significantly associated with income reduction or job loss in three out of 4 countries (all P < 0.05). Food stock availability increased significantly in 2021 compared to 2020 in all four countries (OR range, 1.91-4.45) (all P < 0.05). Availability of all essential items at markets increased in India (OR range, 1.45-3.99) but decreased for basic foods, hygiene items, and medicine in Vietnam (OR range, 0.81-0.86) in 2021 compared to 2020 (all P < 0.05). In 2021, the affordability of all essential items significantly improved in India (OR range, 1.18-3.49) while the affordability of rent, health care, and loans deteriorated in Indonesia (OR range, 0.23-0.71) when compared to 2020 (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term social protection programs need to be carefully designed and implemented to address food insecurity among vulnerable groups, considering each country's market conditions, consumer food purchasing behaviors, and financial support capacity.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.50-60
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 조리 관련 전문계 고등학교에서의 한식조리전공에 대한 만족도를 통하여 전공에 대한 진로 결정을 하는데 있어서 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 보고 학생들 개인별 직업 세계에 대한 정확하고 올바른 가치관을 인식시켜 학생들에게 한국음식의 우수성과 경쟁 전략 및 한국음식의 무한 가능성을 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구는 문헌연구와 실증연구를 병행하였는데, 실증연구에서는 전문계 고등학생을 대상으로 현재 전공에 대한 만족도가 한식조리사의 진로 결정에 유의적인 영향을 미치는지에 대해 조사하기로 하였다. 이러한 연구를 위해 3개의 가설을 설정하였다. 연구가설 1은 조리전공 고등학생의 교과과정의 만족도(전공의 만족도, 전공의 전망성)는 진로 결정의 불안감에 유의적인 영향을 미칠 것이다. 연구가설2는 조리전공 고등학생의 교과과정의 만족도(전공의 만족도, 전공의 전망성)는 진로 결정의 갈등에 유의적인 영향을 미칠 것이다. 연구가설 3은 조리전공 고등학생의 교과과정의 만족도(전공의 만족도, 전공의 전망성)는 진로 결정의 안정감에 유의적인 영향을 미칠 것이다. 그 결과, 고등학생의 대부분이 전공과정에 대해서 비교적 만족도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 불안감을 크게 겪고 있지는 않지만 아직까지 진로 결정에 대한 갈등을 겪고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 대해 교육과정을 통해 학생들에게 한식조리사에 대한 명확한 비전을 제시하고, 취업에 대한 길을 제시하여 주는 것이 교육과정에 중요한 과제라고 보여 진다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.5-5
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• 2017

Too little and too much water due to climatic events is a significant cause of global food insecurity. Crops are less productive under water-limited conditions and all major crops, with the exception of rice (Oryza sativa), die within a few days of complete submergence. To complement our studies on genes such as SUB1A, (an ERF-VII transcription factor that provides robust submergence tolerance) and AG1 (a TREHALOSE 6-P PHOSPHATASE that promotes establishment of young seedlings underwater), we have retooled INTACT (${\underline{I}}solation$ of ${\underline{N}}uclei$ ${\underline{TA}}gged$ in specific ${\underline{C}}ell$ ${\underline{T}}ypes$) and TRAP (${\underline{T}}ranslating$ ${\underline{R}}ibosome$ ${\underline{A}}ffinity$ ${\underline{P}}urification$) for rice. These technologies enable us to follow dynamics in chromatin, nuclear pre-mRNAs and ribosome-bound mRNAs in meristems and diverse cell types. With these technologies we can better interpret responses to stresses and reestablishment of homeostasis. These include stress acclimation strategies involving changes in metabolism and development, such as dynamics in suberin deposition in sub-epidermal layers of roots that limit water loss under drought and oxygen escape during waterlogging. Our new data uncover dynamic and reversible regulation at multiple levels of gene regulation and provide new insights into processes of stress resilience. Supported by US NSF-PGRP Plasticity (IOS-1238243), Secretome (IOS-1546879) and REU (DBI-146129) grants.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop the day hospital program for Korean eating disorders patients and to examine the effect of the day hospital program on improving frequency of binging and purging, eating disorders symptoms, self-esteem, and depression. Method: The subjects were 24 binge eaters visited at eating disorders clinic 'M'. They participated in a modified day hospital program based on the Toronto Day Hospital Program. All subjects completed the Eating Disorders Inventory(EDI)-2, Rosenberg Self-Eesteem Scale, Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) at pre and post intervention, and recorded daily food records. Results: In paired t-test analysis, frequency of binging and purging, self-esteem, depression, and 11 sub-scales of EDI-2(drive for thinness, bulimia, body dissatisfaction, ineffectiveness, interoceptive awareness, perfectionism, interpersonal distrust, maturity fear, asceticism, impulse regulation, social insecurity) were significantly improved after treatment. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the day hospital program for Korean eating disorders patients may be an effective initial approach to overcoming various eating disorders symptoms. Further studies should investigate longer term outcome data using a larger sample.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.114-126
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• 2022

The relationship between mortality and the Korean Healthy Eating Index ("KHEI") is well established. This study was to investigate the associations between health habits, mental health, and nutritional status and KHEI in older Koreans (aged≥65 years). A total of 4,247 subjects (1,842 men and 2,405 women) that participated in the 2016~2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included in the analysis. The lowest scoring KHEI item was milk and milk products. KHEI tertile groups were classified by total KHEI score. Tertile group percentages were related to general characteristics such as gender, residential area, educational level, income level, number of family members, and age. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for general characteristics, showed that ex-smokers (OR: male 1.53 female 2.29), smokers (OR: male 2.90), low hand grip strength (OR: male 1.42 female 1.90), poor self-rated health status (OR: female 1.83), stressful mental status (OR: female 1.51), poor health-related quality of life (OR: female 1.64), poor nutritional status (OR: male 2.88~37.20 female 1.98~16.12), and food insecurity (OR: male 6.87 female 2.03) were significantly related to a lower KHEI. This study suggests that gender-specific associations exist between mental health status and KHEI.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1185-1200
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: In the United States, one in every 5 children is obese with greater likelihood in low-income households. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have accelerated disparities in child obesity risk factors, such as poor dietary intake and increased sedentary behaviors, among low-income families because of financial difficulties, social isolation and other struggles. This study reveals insights into nutrition and health challenges among low-income families of young children in West Texas to better understand needs and develop interventions. SUBJECTS/METHODS: In-depth individual interviews were performed via Zoom among 11 families of children under the age of 3. A semi-structured interview guide was developed to explore 3 areas: changes in (1) dietary intake and (2) sedentary behaviors and (3) families' preferences regarding a parent nutrition education program. Each interview was audiorecorded, transcribed, and coded using MaxQDA software. RESULTS: Eating together as a family become challenging because of irregular work schedules during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most parents stated that their children's dietary habits shifted with an increased consumption of processed foods. Many parents are unable to afford healthful foods and have utilized food and nutrition assistance programs to help feed their families. All families reported that their children's screen time substantially increased compared to the pre-pandemic times. Moreover, the majority of parents did not associate child screen time with an obesity risk, so this area could be of particular interest for future interventions. Meal preparation ideas, remote modality, and early timing were identified as key intervention strategies. CONCLUSIONS: Online nutrition interventions that emphasize the guidelines for child screen time and regular meal routines will be effective and promising tools to reach low-income parents for early childhood health promotion and obesity prevention.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.7-7
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• 2017

Unfavorable weather and soil conditions reduce rice yield and land and water productivity, aggravating existing encounters of poverty and food insecurity. These conditions are foreseen to worsen with climate change and with the unceasing irrational human practices that progressively debilitate productivity despite global appeals for more food. Our understanding of plant responses to abiotic stresses is advancing and is complex, involving numerous critical processes - each controlled by several genetic factors. Knowledge of the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in signaling, response and adaptation, and in some cases the genes involved, is advancing. Moreover, the genetic diversity being unveiled within cultivated rice and its wild relatives is providing ample resources for trait and gene discovery, and this is being scouted for rice improvement using modern genomics and molecular tools. Development of stress tolerant varieties is now being fast-tracked through the use of DNA markers and advanced breeding strategies. Large numbers of drought, submergence and salt tolerant varieties were commercialized over recent years in South and Southeast Asia and more recently in Africa. These varieties are making significant changes in less favorable areas, transforming lives of smallholder farmers - progress considered incredulous in the past. The stress tolerant varieties are providing assurance to farmers to invest in better management of their crops and the ability to adjust their cropping systems for even higher productivity and more income, sparking changes analogous to that of the first green revolution, which previously benefited only favorable irrigated and rainfed areas. New breeding tools using markers for multiple stresses made it possible to develop more resilient, higher yielding varieties to replace the aging and obsolete varieties still dominating these areas. Varieties with multiple stress tolerances are now becoming available, providing even better security for farmers and lessening their production risks even in areas affected by complex and overlapping stresses. The progress made in these less favorable areas triggered numerous favorable changes at the national and regional levels in several countries in Asia, including adjusting breeding and dissemination strategies to accelerate outreach and enabling changes at higher policy levels, creating a positive environment for faster progress. Exploiting the potential of these less productive areas for food production is inevitable, to meet the escalating global needs for more food and sustained production systems, at times when national resources are shrinking while demand for food is mounting. However, the success in these areas requires concerted efforts to make use of existing genetic resources for crop improvement and establishing effective evaluation networks, seed production systems, and seed delivery systems to ensure faster outreach and transformation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.104-117
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 제6기 (2013 ~ 2015년) 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 전기노인 (65 ~ 74세)과 후기노인 (75세 이상)의 식생활 및 건강 특성을 식품안정성에 따라 비교 분석하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 전체 노인의 식품불안정성 비율은 10.6%였고, 전기노인과 후기노인에서는 각각 10.0%, 11.6%로 나타났다. 전기노인과 후기노인에서 공통적으로 식품불안정군에서 식품안정군에 비해 에너지, 지방으로부터의 에너지섭취비율, 리보플라빈, 니아신의 섭취량이 유의적으로 낮았고, 탄수화물로부터의 에너지섭취비율은 식품불안정군에서 식품안정군보다 유의하게 높았다. 전기노인에서는 분석한 모든 영양소 (단백질, 비타민 A, 티아민, 리보플라빈, 니아신, 비타민 C, 칼슘, 인, 철)에 대하여 식품불안정군에서 식품안정군보다 부족하게 섭취하는 비율이 높았다. 반면 후기 노인에서는 단백질, 리보플라빈, 니아신, 인을 부족하게 섭취하는 비율이 식품불안정군에서 식품안정군보다 유의하게 높았으나 비타민 A, 티아민, 비타민 C, 칼슘, 철에서는 식품안정성에 따라 유의적인 차이가 없었고, 식품불안정군뿐 아니라 식품안정군에서도 영양소 섭취 부족자 비율이 높게 나타났다. 전기노인과 후기노인에서 공통적으로 식품불안정군에서 식품안정군보다 고기 생선 달걀 콩류와 과일류의 섭취 횟수가 유의적으로 낮았고, 전기노인에서는 곡류와 채소류, 후기노인에서는 유지 당류의 섭취 횟수에서도 식품안정성에 따라 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 전기노인과 후기노인 모두 식품불안정군에서 식품안정군에 비해 식사를 거르는 비율이 높은 경향을 보였다. 전기노인에서 아침, 점심, 저녁을, 후기노인에서는 아침과 저녁을 혼자서 식사하는 비율이 식품불안정군에서 식품안정군에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 건강 특성에 대해서는 전기노인과 후기노인에서 공통적으로 식품불안정군에서 식품안정군에 비해 주관적 건강 상태가 '매우 나쁘다' 또는 '나쁘다'고 응답한 비율이 높았다. 또한 전기노인에서는 저작불편함을 느낀다고 응답한 비율이 식품불안정군에서 식품안정군보다 높게 나타났으나 후기노인에서는 식품안정성에 따른 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 결론적으로, 두 연령집단에서 식품안정성에 따른 식생활 및 건강 특성은 다른 양상을 보였다. 이러한 차이는 전기노인에서 후기노인보다 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 따라서 향후 노인 대상 식품 및 영양지원 프로그램 설계 시 노인을 연령별로 세분화하고 식품안정성에 따라 다르게 나타난 양상을 고려할 필요가 있겠다.