• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.423-431
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• 2001

Animals are one of the important memberships of the food chain. The low-efficiency rule of nutrient transfer from one member to the next in the food chain determines the low efficiency of animal agriculture for human food. On the average, about 20% feed proteins and 15% feed energy can be converted into edible nutrients for humans. The rest proportion of feed nutrients is exposed to the environment. Environmental pollution, therefore, is inevitable as animal agriculture grows intensively and extensively. The over-loading of the environment by nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus from animal manure results in soil and water spoilage. The emission of gases like $CH_2$, $CO_2$, $SO_2$, NO, $NO_2$ by animals are one of the contributors for the acidification of the environment and global warming. The inefficient utilization of natural resources and the probable unsafety of animal products to human health are also a critical environmental issue. Improving the conversion efficiency of nutrients in the food chain is the fundamental strategy for solving environmental issues. Specifically in animal agriculture, the strategy includes the improvements of animal genotypes, nutritional and feeding management, animal health, housing systems and waste disposal programs. Animal nutrition science plays a unique and irreplaceable role in the control of nutrient input and output in either products or wastes. Several nutritional methods are proved to be effective in alleviating environmental pollution. A lot of nutritional issues, however, remain to be further researched for the science of animal nutrition to be a strong helper for sustainability of animal agriculture.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.415-423
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• 2012

Objectives: This study was performed in order to evaluate antibiotic resistance and analyze the multiple antibiotic resistance of food-borne pathogens isolated from indoor air and an air cleaner at a lunch room in a child care center. Methods: An antibiotic test of food-borne pathogens, including four Staphylococcus aureus and 23 Bacillus cereus was conducted through the disk diffusion method from Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. Results: All Staph. aureus was resistant to Ampicillin and Penicillin, while B. cereus was also resistant to Ampicillin, Cefepime and Penicillin. All isolates showed Vancomycin susceptibility but three out of four Staph. aureus and all B. cereus were resistant to Oxacillin. Staph. aureus and B. cereus presented two or more multiple antibiotic resistances. Conclusions: The results indicated that food-borne pathogens isolated from indoor air and an air cleaner at a lunch room in a child care center showed multiple antibiotic resistances. The repeated control of indoor environment quality is required and continuous surveillance of antibiotic resistant strains is demanded.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.254-262
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the environmental factors affecting childhood obesity using photovoice from the perspectives of students, parents, and teachers in the community. Methods: Six school students, seven parents, and seven school teachers completed an assignment requiring them to take 24 pictures and participate in group discussions. After training session, the participants were asked to take pictures associated with food and physical activity environments related to childhood obesity at home, school, and within their communities for two weeks and to submit the pictures with records. Each group had four sessions for discussion. Results: School cafeteria, convenience stores near schools, instant food and fast food joints, food delivery, and high-calorie snacks comprised the food environmental factors. Lack of physical activity classes at school, commuting by car, barriers to physical activity, and use of smart-phone were environmental factors that inhibited physical activity. Conclusion: To reduce childhood obesity, the creation of a supportive environment for encouraging the consumption of healthy foods and enhancing physical activity should be considered. Modifications of and improvement to the obesogenic environment might be a good strategy to prevent and reduce childhood obesity.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.342-346
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• 2021

최근 원액상태로 장시간 보관이 용이하고 특유의 향을 유지할 수 있는 콜드브루커피가 남녀노소에게 크게 인기를 얻음에 따라 커피판매업체의 규모와 수가 증가하고 있으며, 명절 선물용으로도 각광을 받고 있다. 콜드브루커피는 차가운 물로 장시간 추출한 커피이므로 세균에 노출될 가능성이 크다. 따라서 본 연구는 시중판매되고 있는 콜드브루커피의 안전성을 조사하여 소비자에게 올바른 정보와 건강한 먹거리를 제공하고자 하였다. 총 75건의 콜드브루커피를 대상으로 식품공전 액상커피의 규격기준(세균수, 대장균군)과 식중독균 9종 및 카페인 함량검사를 실시하였다. 조사한 결과 온라인에서 구매한 9개 제품의 세균수가 규격기준을 크게 초과하여 검출되었으며, 대장균군 및 식중독균 9종은 검출되지 않았다. 또한 조사한 콜드브루 제품의 평균 카페인 함량은 1.6 mg/mL(240 mL 제품의 경우 카페인 384 mg 함유)이며, 카페인 과다 섭취 시 불면증, 신경과민 등 부정적인 작용들이 존재하므로 성인 기준으로 카페인 최대 일일섭취권고량 400 mg/day을 초과하지 않도록 주의가 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.281-287
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• 2024

본 연구는 유통 주류의 당류 함량 및 저칼로리 감미료의 사용 실태를 조사하고자 탁주 10건, 약주 6건, 청주 5건, 맥주 5건, 과실주 12건, 소주 5건, 일반증류주 5건, 리큐르 9건, 기타주류 15건을 수거하여 총 72건을 검사하였다. 당류와 알룰로스는 HPLC-RI로 분석하였고 감미료 5종은 HPLC-UV와 LC-MSMS를 이용하였다. 전체 주류의 당류 평균함량은 4.13±5.16 g/100 g 이었으며, 유형별로는 발효주(탁주, 약주, 청주, 맥주, 과실주) 0.00-8.92 g/100 g, 증류주(소주, 일반증류주, 리큐르) 0.00-30.55 g/100 g, 기타 주류는 0.14-17.02 g/100 g의 분포를 보였다. 당류의 함량이 가장 높은 유형은 리큐르로 평균 검출 농도가 100 g 당 12.41±9.66 g였다. 저칼로리 감미료의 함량은 아세설팜칼륨 28.6-121.5 mg/kg, 사카린나트륨 42.3 mg/kg, 아스파탐 34.1-141.5 mg/kg, 수크랄로스 23.3-88.1 mg/kg로 나타났으며 사이클라메이트와 알룰로스는 모든 주류에서 검출되지 않았다. 72건의 주류 중 24건에서 감미료가 검출되었으며, 검출된 감미료 사용량은 모두 식품첨가물 기준 이내였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.1107-1113
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• 2010

Because conventional methods for detecting emetic-toxin-producing B. cereus are laborious and costly, various PCR assays, which are easy and cheap, have recently been reported. Therefore, this study estimated and compared the ability of various PCR assays to detect emetic-toxin-producing B. cereus strains isolated in Korea. The PCR assays were performed on 160 B. cereus strains, including 40 emetic-toxin-producing strains. Although the species-specific PCR assays were all shown to be highly specific, the sensitivities varied greatly. The accuracies of the primers were 97.5% (CER), 95.6% (EM1), 96.3% (RE234), 89.4% (CES), and 83.1% (Ces3R/CESR2). Moreover, the CER primer had a higher sensitivity (100%) than all the other primers tested, and a specificity of 96.7%. Thus, the CER primer was shown to be the most effective for screening the emetic-toxin-producing B. cereus strains tested in this study. However, the ability of these PCR assays to identify emetic-toxin-producing B. cereus should also be confirmed using other methods.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.328-334
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to analyze proximate composition, dietary fiber, mineral content, fatty acid composition in Cheonggak (Codium fragile) in order to encourage the consumption of Cheonggak. The proximate composition of Cheonggak was found to be 5.51% moisture, 24.09% crude ash, 15.79% crude protein, 2.47% crude lipid and 45.31% dietary fiber. The major mineral content of Cheonggak was Na 8,950 mg/100 g, Mg 1,252 mg/100 g, Ca 807 mg/100 g, K 457 mg/100 g, and trace mineral content was Fe 26 mg/100 g, Mn 8 mg/100 g, Zn 0.4 mg/100 g. Palmitic acid 36.86% and ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid 20.14% were the most contained fatty acids in Cheonggak. The ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids was 85.49% while ${\omega}-6$ fatty acids to ${\omega}-3$ fatty acids were 59.10%. Based on the proximate composition, dietary fiber, mineral content, and fatty acid composition, Cheonggak was judged to be a major source of dietary fiber and Mg and Ca, and it was deemed to be helpful in promoting health, including the prevention of hyperlipidemia. Cheonggak contained valuable nutrients similar to seaweed, which is produced and consumed the most in Korea. Thus, it is necessary to include Cheonggak in the food items.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.447-453
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• 2019

본 연구는 2018년 경기도내 대형마트, 온라인에서 유통 중인 해조류 및 해조류가공품 80건을 대상으로 중금속 4종(납, 카드뮴, 비소, 수은)의 오염도를 모니터링하고, 해조류 섭취에 따른 위해도를 평가하였다. 현재 해조류에 설정된 중금속 기준은 납의 경우 미역(미역귀 포함)에만 0.5 mg/kg 이하로 설정되어 있으며, 카드뮴은 김(조미김 포함)과 미역(미역귀 포함)에 0.3 mg/kg 이하로 설정되어 있다. 검사 결과 기준이 설정된 제품은 모두 기준치 이내로 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 중금속 중 특히 비소의 경우 대부분의 해조류에서 대체로 높은 함량을 나타내었으며, 유기비소와 달리 독성이 강한 것으로 알려진 무기비소의 함량이 다소 높은 톳과 모자반을 함유한 가공식품에 무기비소 기준을 신설하여 2018년부터 시행중에 있다. 본 연구에서 진행된 톳 제품은 시행일 전에 제조되어 기준 적용 대상은 아니었지만, 건조 톳 8건 중 4건은 수산물, 4건은 기타수산물가공품으로 분류되어 있어 명확한 유형 분류 기준이 먼저 필요할 것이다. 노출량에 따른 위해도는 안전한 수준으로 나타났으나, 현재 우리나라에서 섭취하는 해조류의 종류에 비해 중금속 기준이 설정이 되어있는 해조류는 미비하기 때문에, 본 연구 결과는 향후 해조류의 중금속 관리 기준 설정을 위한 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.332-337
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: From year 2005, landfill for food waste has been prohibited. Also, according to London agreement in year 2013, ocean discharge for livestock manure, sewage sludge, and food waste has been regulated. Alternative way for food waste disposal is incineration. However, due to high moisture content, additional input for energy is needed. Therefore, effective way for food waste disposal such as application of food waste compost is needed. METHODS AND RESULTS: Seven different treatments (livestock compost, food waste compost, food waste + livestock compost, livestock compost + chemical fertilizer, food waste compost + chemical fertilizer, food waste + livestock compost + chemical fertilizer and control) were applied to tomato crop. All treatments were replicated with completely randomized design. Tomato growth treated with LC+NPK showed the highest values at 6 weeks for all parameters such as leaf length (11.80 cm), leaf width (6.88 cm), and chlorophyll (61.12 O.D.), compared to other treatments. Subsequently the FWC+LC+NPK treatment was followed (11.51 cm, 6.40 cm, 59.50 O.D. for leaf length, leaf width, and chlorophyll, respectably). EC, OM contents, and CEC in the soil treated with the composts significantly increased. CONCLUSION: To evaluate the effect of food waste compost application on tomato growth and soil chemical properties, we carried out field experiment treated with 7 treatments with 3 replicates. The LC+NPK treatment showed highest values for all parameters. Some parameters such as shoot length and total length for tomato were not significantly different between the LC+NPK and the FWC+LC+NPK treatments.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.351-363
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• 2014

본 연구는 도시지역의 식품상점 환경을 측정하기 위한 조사도구를 개발하고, 활용가능성 및 신뢰도를 검증하기 위해 실시하였다. 문헌고찰을 통해 기 개발된 식품상점 조사도구를 검토하여, 우리나라 실정에 맞는 식환경 조사도구를 개발하였고, 크게 식품상점의 특성, 접근성, 식품의 이용가능성에 대한 문항으로 구성하였다. 개발된 조사도구의 현장 적용성 검토를 위해 소요시간, 응답수월성, 참여의사, 현장조사의 어려움, 사용된 용어의 적절성 등을 평가한 결과, 조사시간이 상점의 특성에 따라 차이가 있다는 점을 제외하고는, 모든 측면에서 현장적용성이 높았다. 그리고 식품의 이용가능성 문항에 대해 신뢰도를 검증한 결과, 조사자간 및 조사자내 일치율이 매우 높았다. 건강이 강조된 식품의 경우에는 일반식품에 비해 상대적으로 일치율이 낮았으나, 여전히 높은 일치율 수준을 보였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 식환경 조사도구는 현장적용성과 신뢰도가 높은 것이 확인되었으므로, 추후에 객관적인 식환경 측정이 필요한연구에 다양하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다.