• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.118-124
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• 2007

목 적: 투과성 필터를 이용하여 방사선치료를 받은 부비동 및 비암 환자에서 생존율 및 치료실패 양상을 분석하여 향후 치료계획을 할 때 도움을 주고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 1992년 2월부터 2002년 3월까지 계명대학교 동산의료원 방사선종양학과에서 부비동 및 비암으로 진단받고 투과성 필터를 이용하여 방사선치료를 받은 환자 17명을 대상으로 후향적 분석을 시행하였다. 대상환자의 성별분포는 남자가 9명, 여자가 8명이었으며 연령분포는 $40{\sim}75$세(중앙값 59세)였다. 비강암이 7명, 부비동암이 10명이었고 조직학적으로 편평상피세포암이 11명, 선양낭성암종이 4명, 후신경모세포종이 2명이었다. AJCC 병기에 따라 II기가 3명, III기가 7명, IV기가 7명이었다. 방사선치료단독은 5명, 수술 후 방사선치료를 받은 환자는 12명이었다. 방사선치료는 일회 $1.8{\sim}2.0\;Gy$로 총 $44{\sim}76\;Gy$ (중앙값 60 Gy)를 조사하였다. 추적관찰기간은 $3{\sim}173$개월(중앙값 78개월)이었다. 결 과: 2년 생존율과 무병생존율은 76.4%이었고 5년, 10년 생존율은 각각 76.4%, 45.6%, 5년, 10년 무병생존율은 70.6%이었다. 수술유무에 따른 5년 무병생존율은 수술을 시행한 군은 91.6% 수술을 시행하지 않은 환자군은 20%로 통계적으로 유의하게 차이가 있었다(p=0.006). 병리 형태나 병기에 따른 생존율의 차이는 없었다. 5명(29%)의 국소재발률을 보였으며 원격전이는 없었고 수술을 요하는 심각한 부작용은 없었다. 결 론: 부비동 및 비암에서 투과성 필터를 이용한 방사선치료는 안전하고 효과적이며 국소제어율을 높이기 위해 수술과 방사선치료의 병합요법이 바람직하며 방사선 단독으로 치료할 때는 국소제어와 생존율을 향상시키기 위해 정교한 치료계획을 통해 방사선량을 증가시키고 다학제 치료를 고려해야 할 것이다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.151-160
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• 1998

목적: 유방 종괴의 악성과 양성종양의 감별진단에 있어서 $^{99m}Tc$-MDP 유방촬영의 임상적의의를 알고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 34명의 여자 환자에서 $^{99m}Tc$-MDP를 이용한 유방스캔을 하고, 그 결과를 필름 유방촬영 및 조직생검 결과와 비교하였다. $^{99m}Tc$-MDP의 섭취는 양측 유방에 대칭적으로 섭취가 없는 경우(배경과 같은 정도)를 grade 0, 섭취가 있으나 양측 유방에 전반적으로 대칭적으로 있을 때는 grade 1, 비대칭적인 섭취가 있으나 희미하거나 의심스러운 경우는 grade 2, 비대칭적으로 한쪽에 국소적인 열소가 있는 경우를 grade 3라고 하였다. 결과: 정상 환자들의 $^{99m}Tc$-MDP유방촬영 소견은, 양쪽 유방이 대칭적이면서 균일하게 거의 배경 정도의 방사능 섭취를 보이거나, 유방의 실질 전체에 걸쳐서 미만성으로 섭취를 보이며, 국소적인 $^{99m}Tc$-MDP의 섭취를 보인 예는 한 예도 없었다. 악성종양환자 7명 중 6명은 grade 2(2명)와 grade 3(4명)의 소견을 보였다. 1명은 스캔 상 grade 1으로 나타났다. 양성 종양환자 6명에서는 grade 3이 3명, grade 1이 3명이었다 섬유낭포성질환에서는 7명 중 1명에서만 grade 3으로 종괴처럼 보였고 grade 2 가 3명, grade 1이 2명, 0가 1명이었다. Lesion/Back-ground Ratio 는 정상인 경우 $1.05{\pm}0.20$($average{\pm}1sd$), 섬유낭포성질환의 경우 $1.20{\pm}0.36$, 양성 종양의 경우는 $1.68{\pm}0.09$, 악성 종양의 경우는 $1.66{\pm}0.62$였다. 정상 및 섬유낭포성질환은 종양과 차이가 있었지만, 양성종양과 악성종양은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론: $^{99m}Tc$-MDP 유방스캔은 Piccolo 등의 보고와는 달리, 유방종괴를 호소하는 환자에서 고형종괴의 발견에는 무리가 없으나, 일상적으로 양성과 악성을 구분하기 위하여 사용하기에는 부족할 것으로 결론을 내렸다. 그러나 유방암 환자에서 전신 골스캔을 시행하면서 2상 영상(2 phase image)의 개념으로 초기 유방영상을 얻는 등의 방법으로 활용을 할 수는 있을 것으로 생각하였다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.583-594
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to conduct a survey on the senses that preliminary dental hygienists have on employment, who applied for the National Dental Hygienist Examination, so that it could provide a basic reference required for fostering good human resources specializing in oral health with a sense of mission and responsibility as professional. To meet these goals, a self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted for participants in a refresher education meeting for preliminary dental hygienists across three major regions(Seoul, Daejeon and Busan), which was held by the Korean Dental Hygienists Association(KDHA) on Jan. 15, 2006. Total 289 sheets of questionnaire were collected, and 262 sheets except invalid or incomplete ones were used for examination and analysis. As a result, this study came to the following conclusions: First, it was found that 40.4% respondents wanted to be employed in dental clinic or hospital. Most respondents(90.1%) answered that faithfulness is most valued as prerequisite qualification for employment in hospital, and highest percentage of respondents(39.3%) wanted to earn 16 to 17 million Korean won annually. For internship opportunities, 61.9% respondents replied that they could willingly accept the internship, provided that basic pay and switchover to regular employee are all assured. Second, as the results of survey on employment circumstances around respondents, it was found that most respondents(58.3%) were employed in dental clinic or hospital, and highest percentage of respondents(35.0%) earned 15 to 16 million Korean won. Third, it was found that interpersonal relationships among employees had most significant effects(4.81) on selection of employment, which was followed by in-house welfare benefits 1(monthly/annual vacation, resting room, etc; 4.56). For possible influential factors on the selection of employment depending on whether employed or not, it was found that there were Significant differences in pay, welfare benefit 2(seminar, orientation, refresher training opportunities, etc), post-wedding continued employment and merit system between employees and non-employees(pE0.05). Fourth, the survey on respondents' occupational senses of dental hygienist showed that major tasks of dental hygienists were represented by oral disease prevention(92.6%), case management(71.5%), oral health education(66.3%), hospital/clinic management and dental management support(10.4%) and public oral health activities(6.7%) respectively. For job satisfaction, it was found that almost half respondents(48.9%) showed satisfaction at their job and 32.6% felt satisfied at and proud of their job. That is, majority of respondents(81.5%) felt satisfied at their job as dental hygienist. For follow-up requirements to qualify for dental hygienists, it was found that 73.3% felt it necessary to give more investments to self-development, 62.2% respondents considered protection of membership's rights as one of future assignments that KDHA should be more committed to. For future social awareness about dental hygienists as occupation, 69.2% respondents expected that they would be better developed and treated as professional. And desired training courses as a part of qualification for professional dental hygienists were represented by case management(services, manners, etc; 33.3%), implant(28.9%), esthetics(correction, prosthesis, whitening; 18.9%) and so on. For an item on working years, it was noted that 75.9% respondents would keep working as dental hygienists as long as they could.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.149-155
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• 1999

Objectives: To study the clinical features of the primary nasal/nasopharyngeal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and to evaluate the implication of immunophenotyping as a prognostic factor. Patients and Methods: From January 1990 to December 1997,41 patients(median age, 41 years) of primary nasal/nasopharyngeal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were studied. The clinical records and paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were reviewed retrospectively. The histologic features, immunophenotypic findings(pan-T, pan-B, CD3, CD56) and Epstein-Barr virus in situ hybridizatios were examined. The prognostic factors for clinical outcome were evaluated in these patients. According to Ann-Arbor system, there were 30 patiets(73%) with stage IE, 4(10%) with stage IIE, 3(7%) with stage IIIE, 4(10%) with stage IVE lymphoma. Among the patients with stage IE/IIE, 4 patients received local radiation alone, 4 received chemotherapy alone, 25 received combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy and 1 refused treatment. The patients with stage IIIE/IVE were given combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Results: Immunophenotyping were performed in 40 patients and staining results were as follows: 3(7%) patients with B cell, 17(42%) with T cell, 18(44%) with NK/T cell(CD56 positive), and two patients with unclassifiable result. Epstein-Barr(EB) virus in situ hybridization were performed in 28 patients and 23(82%) patients had positive EBV-encoded RNAs(EBERs). 21(55%) patients achieved a complete remission. There was no difference in complete remission between radiation alone and combination therapy. With median follow-up of 30 months, 5-years disease free survival of complete responders was 60% and 5-years overall survival rate was 36%. Multivariate analysis showed that better overall survival was related with absence of B symptoms, ECOG performance${\leq}1$ and non-NK cells. Conclusion: Most of all cases were positive for EBER. Since NK/T phenotype carried the worst prognosis, analysis for CD56 expression should be done. Further prospective studies were warranted to evaluate the role of chemotherapy in stage IE/IIE.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.124-129
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• 2004

목적 :. 자궁경부의 신경내분비암은 비교적 드문 질환으로 본원에서 광학현미경 및 면역조직화학적 진단을 받고, 치료받은 환자를 대상으로 임상적 특징, 예후 및 치료방침에 대해 알아보고자 한다 대상 및 방법: 1994년 5월부터 2001년 10월까지 본원에서 조직학적으로 자궁경부 신경내분비암으로 진단받은 환자 13예를 대상으로 하였다. 환자의 평균 연령은 56세(32$\~$78세)이며, 병기분포는 IB 5명, IIA 5명, IIB 3명이었다. 수술을 시행한 환자는 5명으로 이 중 3명은 수술 후 방사선치료를 추가하였다. 근치적 방사선치료를 시행한 환자는 9명이며, 이 중 1명은 방사선치료 후 근막외 자궁적축술을 시행하였고, 선행 혹은 동시항암화학요법을 시행한 환자는 9명이었다. 방사선치료는 병기에 따라서 전골반부 4,500$\~$5,400 cGy까지 외부조사 후, 강내조사를 주 2회, A point에 1회당 500 cGy로 3,000$\~$3,500 cGy를 조사하였다. 결과 : 추적관찰기간은 3개월에서 104개월로 평균 36개월이었다. 5년 생존율은 61.5$\%$이었으며, 병기별 5년 생존율은 병기 IB 60.0$\%$, IA 60.0$\%$, IB 66.7$\%$로 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다(p=0.99). 전체 13명 중 5명(38.5$\%$)이 사망하였으며, 이 중 4명에서 골반부위 및 복부대동맥 주위 임파절 전이가 확인되었고, 이들 모두 원격장기 전이로 사망하였다. 사망자의 평균생존기간은 5개월이며, 임파절 전이 유무에 따라서 통계적으로도 유의한 차이(p=0.0001)를 관찰할 수 있었다. 나머지 8명은 무병생존중이다. 결론 : 자긍경부의 신경내분비암은 초기병기일지라도 임파절전이와 원격전이가 많고 병의 진행이 급속히 이루어지는 양상을 보이므로 국소치료인 수술이나 방사선치료와 함께 전신적인 복합항암화학요법을 병행하는 것이 좋을 것으로 생각되며 적절한 병합치료가 환자의 생존율을 향상시킬 것으로 생각된다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.226-232
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• 2000

목적 : 방사선 단독 치료를 받은 조기성문암 환자에서 국소종양제어율에 영향을 주는 예후 인자를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1986년 7월부터 1995년 12월 까지 전남대학교병원에서 조기성문암으로 확진되어 근치적 목적의 방사선치료를 받은 37명의 환자를 대상으로 후향적 분석을 시행하였다. 대상 환자의 연령 범위는 30세에서 73세였으며 중앙값은 59세였다. 성별 분포는 남자가 35명(95$\%$), 여자가 2명(5$\%$)이었다. 조직학적 유형은 모두 편평세포암이었다. 미국 암합동위원회의 병기분류법(1997)에 따라 다시 분류한 병기는 T1a. T1b, T2가 각각 27명(73$\%$), 3명(8$\%$), 7명(19$\%$)이었다. 방사선치료는 선형가속기의 6 MV X-ray를 이용하였다. 후두에 조사된 총방사선량은 5,040 cGy에서 7,020 cGy 범위였으며 중앙값은 6,600 cGy였다. 추적기간의 중앙값은 80개월이었고 생존율과 국소종양제어율을 Kaplan-Meier 법에 의하여 산출하였으며 두군간의 비교는 generalized Wilcoxon test를 이용하여 검증하였다. 국소종양제어율에 영향을 줄 수 있는 인자들의 다변량분석에는 Cox모델을 이용하였다. 결과 : 전체 환자 37명의 5년 생존율은 89$\%$였고 국소종양제어율은 74$\%$였다. 국소종양제어율에 영향을 줄 수 있는 인자들로 연령, T-병기, 전연합침범, 일회조사량, 총방사선량, 방사선치료기간을 분석에 포함시켰다. 단변량분석에서 치료기간이 50일 미만인 경우 5년 국소종양제어율이 93$\%$, 50일 이상인 경우 60$\%$로서 통계학적 의의가 있었다(p=0.026). 다변량분석에서도 치료기간만이 통계학적 의의가 있었다(p=0.017). 치료 후 합병증은 1명에서 갑상선기능저하증이 나타났다. 결론 : 조기성문암에서 근치적 방사선치료시 치료기간이 국소종양제어율에 영향을 줄 수 있는 인자로 분석되었다.

• 환경정책연구
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.115-145
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• 2007

기존 국토환경성평가지도는 1:25,000 축척을 기본으로 하고 있어 전국 또는 광역 차원의 환경성 평가, 개발 가능지 분석, 거시적인 지역의 확인 및 중첩분석에 용이하다. 그러나 향후 국토통합정보시스템 연동 및 국소 지역 차원의 개발계획수립부문에서의 활용도를 높이기 위하여, 대축척 국토환경성평가지도의 구축이 요구된다. 본 연구의 목적은 기 구축되어 활용되고 있는 소축척(1:25,000 축척) 국토환경성평가지도의 동일 방법론 및 기본 주제도를 활용하여 대축척(1:5,000 축척) 국토환경성평가지도를 재구축하고, 자료형태를 벡터 형태 및 필지단위로 재평가하여 그 결과를 동일 연구지역의 소축척 국토환경성평가 지도와 비교 분석하는 데 있다. 또한 대축척 국토환경성평가지도를 동일한 지역 및 분석 단위를 가지는 토지적성평가와 비교하여 등급별 분포를 비교 분석 하였으며 이를 통하여 대축척 국토환경성평가지도 구축을 위한 기초정보를 분석하고 선행사항 도출 및 향후 활용방안을 제시하였다. 연구결과, 기 구축된 연구지역의 소축척 국토환경성평가지도 등급별 면적 비율은 1등급 23.3%, 2등급 29.4%, 3등급 23.9% 4등급 11.7%, 5등급 11.8%를 보이고 있다. 신규 구축된 연구지역의 대축척 국토환경성평가지도 등급별 면적 비율은 1등급 29.3%, 2등급 21.7%, 3등급 17.2%, 4등급 7.1%, 5등급 24.7%로 나타났으며 유사한 결과를 보이고 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 토지적성평가와의 일치도 비교분석 결과에서는 1등급 33.05%, 2등급 12.92%, 3등급 15.05%, 4등급 36.93%, 5등급 53.28%가 일치하는 것으로 나타났다. 대축척 국토환경성평가지도를 구축하기 위해서는 기존의 소축척에서 사용되던 주제도들이 우선적으로 1:5,000 축척으로 구축, 지적 기반의 필지단위로 변경 및 세분류 토지피복도 구축 등의 선행사항이 수행되어야 한다. 또한 대축척 국토환경성평가지도의 구축을 보다 효율적으로 수행하기 위해서 기존 주제도의 활용 구분 및 토지적성평가와의 연계를 제안하였다. 본 연구는 대축척 국토환경성평가지도를 처음으로 구축한 사례이며, 이러한 결과 및 경험을 바탕으로 실제 전국단위 대축척 구축과정에서의 선행사항 및 효율적인 구축방안을 모색하였다. 그러나 본 연구에서 도출된 구축방안이 대축척 국토환경성평가지도를 구축하는 모든 현황 및 과정을 반영하였다고는 볼 수 없다. 따라서 향후에 본 연구에서 도출된 결과를 실제 구축과정에 적용하기 위해서는 대축척 구축에 대한 체계적인 범주화 작업 및 세부 작업지침 등을 포함한 보다 본격적인 논의가 필요하다.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2003

본 조사 결과는 32개 병원의 39명의 회원에 의해 수술받은 환자 348명의 기록과 회원 37명의 설문 응답자를 분석한 것으로 많은 수의 기록지가 내용이 불충분하거나 일치되지 않은 기술로 인해 자료로서의 한계가 있었다. 특히 췌담관합류 이상에 대한 기록 중 약 절반이 미상으로 기록된 것에서 알 수 있드시 자료가 매우 미흡하였고, 담관낭종의 유형을 정하는 것 예후 인자 및 산 전 진단된 담관낭종의 수술 적기등에 대하여도 회원마다 견해 차이가 있으나 심도있는 토론이 이루어지지 않았다. 따라서 이 결과를 외국의 통계 분석과 비교하는 것 보다는 회원들의 향 후 진료와 연구에 참고가 될 수 있다는 것에 의미를 두고자 하며, 회원들이 동일한 등록지를 작성하는 전향적 연구로 우리나라 담관낭종에 대한 분류, 췌담관 합류이상, 예후 인자들에 대한 재 논의의 출발점이 되기를 기대한다.

• 가정간호학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.5-24
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to develop a parenting intervention program and determine the efficacy of the program with low-birth weight infants and their mothers. Nine dyads for the experimental group and twelve dyads for the control group discharged from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a University Hospital in Seoul were recruited for the study. For the intervention group, programmed education and support which focused on the maternal sensitivity of the infant's behavior. rearing environment. motherinfant interaction and infant care were given to each subject. Individual counseling and home visits were provided at discharge, one week after discharge. and one and three months of corrected age in every infant. Structured questionaires were administered and feeding interactions were videotaped and coded by a blinded certified observer. A Quasi-experimental design was conducted for this study. Postpartum depression, maternal self esteem. infant care burden, HOME. mother-infant interaction, and infant development were measured. Results were in favor of the intervention versus the control group. On the Beck depression inventory, intervention mothers showed decreasing trends in depressive symptom vs control mothers although, there were statistically no significant differences between the two groups at each time. The mean score of experimental group was 11.55(mild depression state) at discharge and became 8,6(normal state) at 1 month of corrected age. On the other hand, the mean score of the control group was 13.92(mild depression state) at discharge and became 14.0. Maternal self esteem in both groups improved over time. Infant care burden in both groups was also shown to increase over time. There was a significant difference between the two groups in HOME(p=.0340) at 3 months of corrected age. HOME scores of the experimental group and the control's were 31.10 and 25.58, respectively. Mothers' emotional and language responses were significantly high in the intervention group compared with the control group(p=.0155). Intervention group (53.33) showed a significantly high quality of motherinfant interaction compared with the in control group (42.80)(p =.0340). Intervention group mothers appeared have a better quality of mother-infant interaction behaviors. On the other hand, there was no statistical difference in the infant part between groups. Intervention group infants had higher trends in a general developmental quotient: although, there was no statistical difference between groups. The general developmental quotient of intervention infants was 102.56 and control's was 91.28. However, the developmental quotient of the domain of 'individuality-sociality' was higher in the intervention group infants compared with the control's(p=.0155). The concerns identified by parents revealed two domains of an infants' health management -knowledge and skills in caregiving of lowbirthweight-infants, characteristics of lowbirthweight infants, identifying a developmental milestone, coping with emergency situations and relaxation strategies of mothers from the infant care burden. Interview data with the mothers of low-birth weight infants can be used to develop intervention program contents. Limited intervention time and frequency due to time and cost limitations of this study should be modified. The intervention should be continuously implemented when low-birth weight infants become three years old. An NNNS demonstration appeared to be a very effective intervention for the mothers to improve the quality of mother-infant interactions. Therefore intervening in the mothers of low-birth weight infants as early after delivery as possible is desirable. This study has shown that home visit interventions are worthwhile for mothers only beyond the approach as an essential factor in ability of facilitating a growth fostering environment. In conclusion. the intervention program of this study was very effective in enhancing the parenting for the mothers of low-birth weight infants, resulting in health promotion of low-birth weight infants. The home-visit outreach intervention program of this study will contribute to the health delivery system in this country where there is a lack of continuous follow-up programs for low-birth weight infants after discharge from NICU, if it is activated as part of the home visit programs in community health systems.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.83-99
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• 1994

Ch'ang-Ts'al-Ts'un is a rural Village near Lung-jing City in Yen-pien Korean Autonomous Province of China. It was formed about 100 years ago by Korean Immigrants and has been developed maintaing the characteristics of traditional Korean architecture. Therefore investigating the spatial structure of this village is a meanigful work to confirm and explore one branch of Korean architecture. This study aims at analyzing the spatial structure of the village using direct data collected from the field work and indirect data from books and maps. The field work consists of on-the-site survey of the village layout, interviews of residents, observation notes and photography. Ch'ang-Ts'ai-Ts'un is located 360-370 m high above the sea level and at the side of a long valley. A river flows in the middle of the valley and relatively flat arable land exists at the both sides of the river. The location of the village related to the surrounding river and mountains suggests that the site of the village was chosen according to Feng-Shui, Chinese and Korean traditional architectural theory. The main direction of the house layouts is South-western. The village has been growing gradually until today. Therefore it is meaningful to make the village layout before Liberation(1946 A.D.) because the characteristics of Korean architecture prevailed more in that period. The area of the previous village is limited to the west side of the creek. New houses were later added to the east of the creek, forming a 'New Village'. Previously the village was composed of 3 small villages: Up, Middle and Down. Also the main access roads connecting the village with the neighboring villages were penetrating the village transversely. Presently the main access road comes to the village longitudinally from the main highway located in front of the village. The retrospective layout shows the existence of well-formed Territory, Places and Axes, thus suggesting a coherent Micro-cosmos. The boundary of imaginery territory perceived by present residents could be defined by linking conspicous outside places sorrounding the village such as Five-mountains, Front-mountain, Shin-dong village, Standing-rock, Rear-mountain and Myong-dong village. Inside the territory there are also the important places such as Bus-stop, Memorial tower of patriots, Road-maitenance building and the village itself. And inside it 5 transverse and 1 longitudinal axes exist in the form of river, roads and mountains. The perceived spatial structure of the village formed by Places, Axes and Territory is geometrical and well-balanced and suggests this village is fit for human settlement. The administrative area of the village is about 738 ha, 27 % of which is cultivated land and the rest is mountain area. Initially the village and surrounndings were covered with natural forest But the trees have been gradually cut down for building and warning houses, resulting in the present barren and artificial landscape with bare mountains and cultivated land. At present the area of the village occupied by houses is wedge-shaped, 600 m wide and 220 m deep in its maximum. The total area of the village is $122,175m^{2}$. The area and the rate of each sub-division arc as follow. 116 house-lots $91,465m^{2}$ (74.9 %) Land for public buildings and shops $2,980m^{2}$ (2.4 %) Roads $17,106m^{2}$ (14.0 %) Creek $1,356m^{2}$ (1.1 %) Vacant spaces and others $9,268m^{2}$ (7.6 %) TOTAL $122,175m^{2}$ (100.0 %) Each lot is fenced around with vertical wooden pannels 1.5-1.8 m high and each house is located to the backside of the lot. The open space of a lot is sub-divided into three areas using the same wooden fence: Front yard, Back yard and Access area. Front and back yards are generally used for crop-cultivation, the custom of which is rare in Korea. The number of lots is 116 and the average size of area is $694.7m^{2}$. Outdoor spaces in the village such as roads, vacant spaces, front yard of the cultural hall, front yard of shops and spacse around the creek are good 'behavioral settings' frequently used by residents for play, chatting, drinking and movie-watching. The road system of the village is net-shaped, having T-junctions in intersections. The road could be graded to 4 categories according to their functions: Access roads, Inner trunk roads, Connecting roads and Culs-de-sac. The total length of the road inside the village is 3,709 m and the average width is 4.6 m. The main direction of the road in the village is NNE-SSE and ESE-WNW, crossing with right angles. Conclusively, the spatial structure of Ch'ang-Ts'ai-Ts'un village consists of various components in different dimensions and these components form a coherent structure in each dimension. Therefore the village has a proper spatial structure meaningful and appropriate for human living.