• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.31-48
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• 2023

This study evaluated the nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and depression based on the sleep duration of adult women using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2016 and 2018. A total of 4,507 subjects were divided into two groups: sleep hours<7 (lack of sleep, LS) and 7≤sleep hours (normal sleep, NS). For a more detailed analysis, the subjects were further divided into normal sleep with no depression (NSND) and lack of sleep with depression (LSWD) groups. When compared with NS group, the nutrient intake of the LS group was observed to be higher in carbohydrates (P<0.05) and thiamine (P<0.01), but had a significantly lower mean nutrient adequacy ratio (P<0.05). Also, the LS group showed a higher frequency of early menopause (P<0.001) and depression (P<0.05) than the NS group. In the analysis of anthropometry and blood parameters of the subjects based on their sleep duration, the LS group showed a lower body mass index (BMI, P<0.05), lower blood creatinine (P<0.01), glycated hemoglobin (P<0.05), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P<0.01) levels adjusted by age and menopause than the NS group. When compared to the NSND group, the LSWD group had a lower intake of cholesterol (P<0.05), vitamin A (P<0.05), vitamin C (P<0.05), and folic acid (P<0.05). There was no variation in the menopausal status, NAR, and mean nutrient adequacy ratio between the NSND and LSWD groups. However, there were differences in total blood cholesterol (P<0.05) and depression based on sleep duration. Apart from nutritional status, differences in BMI and blood parameters were observed based on sleep duration.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.475-483
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• 2022

Objective: Methionine (Met) is involved in methyl group transfer besides protein synthesis. As the availability is limited and cost is high for synthetic Met, reductions in its inclusion in broiler diet may be possible by supplementing the low Met diets with methyl donors (MD) like betaine (Bet), folic acid (FA), vitamin B12 (B12), and biotin (Bio). An experiment was conducted to study the effects of supplementing the MD on performance (average daily gain [ADG], daily feed intake, feed efficiency [FE]), anti-oxidant variables, immune responses and serum protein concentration in broilers fed sub-optimal concentrations of dietary Met. Methods: Maize-soybean meal diet was used as control (CD). Different MD like Bet (0.2%), B12 (0.1 mg), FA (4 mg), or Bio (1.5 mg/kg) were supplemented to basal diet (BD) having no supplemental Met. The BD without MD was kept for comparison. Each diet was fed ad libitum to 10 replicates of 25 chicks in each from 1 to 42 d of age. Results: At the end of experiment, the ADG in MD group was higher than BD and lower than CD. The FE improved with FA or Bet compared to the BD. Breast meat weight was higher in Bet compared to the BD, while it was intermediate between BD and CD in other groups. The lipid peroxidation reduced with Bio, B12, or Bet, while the glutathione peroxidase activity improved with Bio or B12 compared to the BD. Lymphocyte proliferation improved with Bet compared to the BD. The serum protein concentrations increased with FA, Bio, or Bet compared to those fed BD. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the ADG can be improved partially with supplementation of MD while the FE improved with FA or Bet. Some MD also reduced the stress indices and improved immune responses compared to the BD fed broilers.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.227-246
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• 2022

This study was conducted on the nutritional status of 1,805 patients with allergic diseases (atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma) aged 19 to 64 years according to their state of depression, based on the data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to diagnose depression. Subjects with a score of 10 or more were categorized into the depression group (n=152) and the rest into the non-depression group (n=1,653). The results of this study were as follows: The proportion of women (75.7%) was higher than that of men (24.3%) in the depressed group (P<0.01). In terms of energy intake per 1,000 kcal, both men and women in the depressed group showed a lower energy intake than the non-depressed group and this intake was less than the estimated energy requirement (EER). The nutrient intakes of protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, folic acid, and vitamin C were below the estimated average requirement (EAR). Also, the intakes of fiber and potassium were less than the adequate intake (AI) (P<0.001). In the lifestyle parameters, the ratio of eating alone at lunch was 54.1%:33.1%, indicating that more than half of the depression group ate alone. In conclusion, it was observed that the nutritional status of allergic disease patients was imbalanced. The nutritional imbalance was due to insufficient energy intake and inadequate intake of nutrients, which was below the average requirements of vitamins and minerals and this was more evident in the depression group than in the non-depression group.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.135-148
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: In times of disaster, simplified and minimized nutritional standards are necessary for a quick response to provide nutritious relief food. This study aimed to develop nutrient-based nutritional standards for foodservice at shelters during disasters in the Republic of Korea (South Korea). SUBJECTS/METHODS: The standards were developed in 2 phases. First, nutrients to be included in the standards were selected. Initial candidates were selected considering 3 aspects: preceding standards, insufficient intake during disasters, and inadequate intake among South Koreans. Final selection was made by excluding nutrients for 3 reasons: nutrients for which there is no deficiency concern in South Korea, nutrients whose intake data were not available, or nutrients whose values presented by Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans are difficult to achieve based on the current diet among South Koreans. Second, the reference values of energy and the selected nutrients were calculated. The reference values for the entire population who were 1-year-old and over were calculated by multiplying the estimated energy requirements or the recommended nutrient intake and the proportion of each age and sex group. Respective reference values were also calculated for 4 different age groups (1-5, 6-11, 12-64, and ≥ 65-year-old). RESULTS: The standards for the entire population were 2,000 kcal for energy, 55 g for protein, 650 ㎍ retinol activity equivalents for vitamin A, 95 mg for vitamin C, 1.1 mg for thiamin, 1.3 mg for riboflavin, 14 mg niacin equivalents for niacin, 350 ㎍ dietary folate equivalents for folic acid, 750 mg for calcium, and 11 mg for iron. Four additional standards corresponding to each age group were developed. CONCLUSIONS: The nutritional standards during disasters were developed for South Korea, including energy and 9 nutrients with reference values for the entire population and 4 different age groups. The standards will contribute to maintaining the health of disaster evacuees in South Korea.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2023

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships of serum folate (vitamin B9), cobalamin (vitamin B12) levels and diet with semen parameters (semen standard parameters [SSP] and DNA fragmentation index [DFI]) in infertile men. Methods: Sperm samples were assessed for SSP and DFI (using the sperm chromatin dispersion test). Serum vitamin concentrations were measured with an immuno-electrochemiluminescence assay, and men completed a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Results: Serum folate levels were positively correlated with sperm progressive motility and DFI. A comparison of SSP between two groups of patients according to serum folate concentration (B9 <4.840 ng/mL and B9 ≥4.840 ng/mL) showed significantly higher sperm concentration and sperm progressive motility in the latter group. However, there was no difference between these groups regarding DFI. Interestingly, serum folate levels were significantly higher in patients with a high DFI (using the cut-offs of 30% or 18%). FFQ data showed that the consumption of fruits and egg yolk correlated positively with sperm concentration and sperm motility, respectively. Conclusion: Serum folate levels showed significant associations with sperm concentration and sperm progressive motility. However, the positive association of serum folate with DFI raises the need for careful prescription of folate supplements.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.422-430
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• 2023

Objectives: Prolactin is vital for breastfeeding and milk production, and its secretion is influenced by factors related to the mother, infant, and environment. To date, no study has concurrently investigated the correlation of these factors with serum prolactin levels during lactation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the correlations among maternal and infant factors, lead exposure, and serum prolactin levels during lactation. Methods: A cross-sectional approach was employed in Surabaya, Indonesia, among 110 exclusively lactating mothers. The mothers' daily diets were determined using multiple 24-hour recalls, while blood lead levels were measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Serum prolactin levels were assessed using the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. For bivariate analysis, we employed the Spearman correlation, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests, while for multivariate analysis, we utilized multiple linear regression. Results: The average serum prolactin level of the lactating mothers was 129.19±88.96 ng/mL. Positive correlations were found between serum prolactin levels and breastfeeding frequency (p<0.001), protein intake (p<0.001), and calcium intake (p=0.011) but had negative correlation with blood lead levels (p<0.001) and vitamin B6 intake (p=0.003). Additionally, prolactin levels were not significantly associated with maternal age; parity; intake of calories, vitamin D, vitamin E, zinc, folic acid, magnesium, or iron; infant age; or infant sex. Conclusions: Breastfeeding frequency had a stronger positive relationship with serum prolactin levels than protein and calcium intake. However, lead exposure was associated with reduced serum prolactin levels during lactation. Consequently, specific interventions from policymakers are necessary to manage breastfeeding in mothers exposed to lead.

• Clinical Nutrition Research
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2023

Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for sustained weight reduction, and it can result in substantial improvements in the severity of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and quality of life. However, sleeve gastrectomy, a weight loss surgery that removes two-thirds of the stomach, reduces appetite and nutrient absorption, impairing digestion and the absorption of nutrients like iron, vitamin B₁₂, and protein-bound nutrients. This case study aims to demonstrate that patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy require long-term and periodic monitoring of biochemical data, weight changes, and caloric and protein intake by a professional nutritionist to prevent malnutrition and nutritional deficiencies. In this case study, a 48-year-old woman was diagnosed with morbid obesity, hypertension, sleep apnea syndrome, and chronic gastritis. At initial evaluation, she was 160 cm tall and weighed 89 kg, with a body mass index of 34.8 kg/m². At 1 postoperative year, she consumed 650 kcal and 25 g of protein per day, the percentage of excess weight loss was 141.1%, and body mass index was 21 kg/m². Compared to preoperative levels, calcium and folic acid levels did not decrease after 1 postoperative year, but hemoglobin, ferritin, and vitamin B₁₂ levels decreased. In conclusion, when patients experience rapid weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy, follow-up should be frequent and long. Dietary education should be conducted according to digestive symptoms, and oral nutritional supplements, including vitamins and minerals.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 1984

송이(松茸)는 적송(赤松)의 세근(細根)에 활물기생(活物寄生)한다고 하나 그 본질(本質)이 아직 구명(究明)되지 못하고 있음으로 인공재배(人工栽培) 확립(確立)이 모색(模索)되고 있는 중이다. 본논문(本論文)에서는 일차적(一次的)으로 송이(松茸)에서 순수분리(純粹分離)한 균(菌)을 배양(培養)하여 생리적(生理的) 특성(特性)을 구명(究明)하고 인공원기(人工原基)를 만들어 인공적(人工的)인 송이재배(松茸栽培)의 본질(本質)을 구명(究明)하여 송이재배(松茸栽培) 방법(方法)을 돕고자 송이균(松茸菌)의 생리특성(生理特性)에 대(對)하여 조사한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1) 각종(各種) 배양기상(培養基上)에서의 송이균계(松茸菌系)의 발육(發育)은 봉밀(蜂蜜)+송이발생토양전즙(松茸發生土壤煎汁)+적송수근추출물(赤松鬚根抽出物)+건조효모(乾燥酵母)+$KH_2PO_4$+Inositol+엽산(葉酸)+Biotin의 배지(培地)가 가장 우수(優秀)하였다. 2) 송이포자(松茸胞子)의 발아(發芽) 및 균계배양(菌系培養)에서 최적온도(最適溫度)는 $24^{\circ}C$, 최적(最適) pH는 4.5였다. 3) 송이균계배양(松茸菌系培養)에 있어서 송이자실체(松茸字實體)의 조직(組織)에서 분리(分離)한 것과 포자(胞子)에서 분리(分離)한 것은 그 발율(發育)에 차이(差異)가 없었다, 4) Hamada 배지(培地)에 각종(各種) 미량중금속염류(微量重金屬鹽類) $ZnSO_4$, $MnSO_4$, $MgSO_4$, $CaCl_2$ 구연산철(枸櫞酸鐵) 등(等)의 첨가(添加)는 별효과(別效果)가 없었다. 5) 적송수근추출물(赤松鬚根抽出物) 첨가(添加)는 균계발육(菌系發育)에 확실(確實)한 효과(效果)가 있었다. 적송(赤松)에는 송이균계(松茸菌系)의 생장(生長)을 촉진(促進)하는 인자(因子)가 존재(存在)한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 6) 송이균계(松茸菌系) 배양용(培養用) 인공배양기(人工培養基)의 C원(源)으로서 glucose보다 봉밀(蜂蜜)의 효과(效果)가 크다. 7) Fairy Ring이 가장 많이 존재(存在)하는 미생물(微生物)인 Mortierlla spp의 배양여액(培養濾液)을 송이균계(松茸菌系) 인공배양기(人工培養基)에 첨가(添加)한 것이 대조치(對照値)에 비(比)하여 균계(菌系)의 발육(發育)이 양호)良好)하였다. 8) 송이인공원기(松茸人工原基)의 배지(培地)에 적송수근추출물(赤松鬚根抽出物) lnsitol Biotin 엽산(葉酸)의 첨가(添加)는 효과(效果)가 크다. 균계(菌系)의 만연(蔓延)된 후(後) 온도(溫度)를 내려서 $19^{\circ}C$로 유지(維持)할 때 primordium의 형성(形成)을 확인(確認)하였다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.121-130
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• 1986

합성(合成) 배지(培地)에서 Ganoderma lucidum CAFM 9065의 섬유소(纖維素) 분해(分解) 효소(酵素) 생산(生産)과 균사(菌絲) 생육(生育)에 관한 배양(培養) 조건(條件)을 검토(檢討)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 탄소원(炭素源) 중에서 avicelase와 CMCase 생산(生産)은 Na-CMC를, ${\beta}-glucosidase$ 생산(生産)은 cellobiose를 첨가(添加)하였을 때 가장 좋았으며, 균사(菌絲) 생육(生育)은 soluble starch와 cellobiose가 양호(良好)하였다. 효소(酵素) 생산(生産)은 Na-CMC 1.0%에서 가장 양호(良好)하고 균사(菌絲) 생육(生育)은 Na-CMC의 농도(濃度) 증가(增加)에 따라 현저히 증가(增加)되었다. Glucose는 농도(濃度)의 증가(增加)에 따라 효소(酵素)의 생산(生産)이 감소(減少)되었으나 균사(菌絲) 생육(生育)은 증가(增加)되었다. 효소(酵素) 생산(生産)이 양호(良好)한 질소원(窒素源)은 peptone이었고 효소(酵素) 생산(生産)에 적당(適當)한 peptone의 농도(濃度)는 0.2% 이었으며, 균사(菌絲) 생육(生育)은 peptone 농도(濃度)의 증가(增加)에 따라 점차 증가(增加)되었다. 효소(酵素) 생산(生産)의 $KH_2PO_4$와 $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$의 최적(最適) 농도(濃度)는 각각 0.3%, 0.02 %이었고, 균사(菌絲) 생육(生育)은 0.2%, 0.02%에서 가장 좋았다. folic acid는 저농도(低濃度)(0.03 mg/l)로 효소(酵素) 생산(生産)을 증가(增加)시켰고, 균사(菌絲) 생육(生育)은 inositol에서 양호(良好)하였다. 효소(酵素) 생산(生産)과 균사(菌絲) 생육(生育)의 최적(最適) 온도(溫度)는 $30^{\circ}C$, avicelase와 ${\beta}-glucosidase$의 최적(最適) pH는 5.0, CMCase는 pH 5.5 이었으며, 균사(菌絲) 생육(生育)은 pH 5.0에서 양호(良好)하였다. 배양(培養) 기간(期間)은 avicelase가 8일(日), CMCase가 10일(日), ${\beta}-glucosidase$는 16 일간(日間) 배양(培養)하였을 때 최대치(最大値)를 보였고, 균사(菌絲) 생육(生育)은 12일(日) 배양(培養)했을 때 가장 양호(良好)하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권8호
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• pp.1050-1061
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• 2009

본 연구는 대구 경북지역의 뇌졸중 환자들의 에너지 및 영양소 섭취실태를 측정하고, 에너지 및 영양소 섭취수준에 따른 뇌졸중 발생의 상대위험도를 분석하고자 수행되었다. 조사대상자는 경북대학교 병원에서 뇌졸중으로 처음 진단받은 후 입원한 환자 중 의사소통이 가능한 100명을 환자군으로 하였고 동일한 지역에서 뇌졸중 병력이 없고 환자군과 연령이 비슷한 지역사회 주민 150명을 대조군으로 하였다. 조사는 반정량적 식품섭취빈도 조사지를 이용하여 조사자와 직접 면접을 통하여 2004년 7월부터 2005년 2월 사이에 이루어졌다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 뇌졸중 환자군과 대조군의 1일 평균 에너지와 영양소 섭취량을 성별로 비교하면 남자의 경우 환자군이 대조군에 비해 에너지와 모든 열량 영양소, 비타민 $B_1$, $B_6$, 나이아신, 엽산, 비타민 E, 인, 칼륨, 아연, 식이섬유의 섭취량과 단백질 및 지방 에너지 섭취비율이 유의하게 높았다. 여자의 경우 환자군은 대조군에 비해 지방, 비타민 C, 엽산, 비타민 E, 철분 및 식이섬유의 섭취량이 유의하게 낮았고 탄수화물 에너지 비율이 유의하게 높았다. 에너지 및 영양소별 섭취수준과 관련된뇌졸중 발생 상대위험도를 성별로 보면, 남자는 에너지, 단백질, 탄수화물, 비타민 $B_1$과 E, 나이아신, 아연, 총지방산, 단일불포화 지방산, 다가 불포화지방산 그리고 n-6 지방산의 높은 섭취수준이 뇌졸중 발생의 상대 위험도를 유의하게 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 여자의 경우 지방, 비타민 A, 비타민 $B_2$와 $B_6$, 나이아신, 비타민 C와 E, 철, 나트륨과 칼륨 및 셀레늄, 모든 지방산들, 그리고 콜레스테롤, 타우린, 식이섬유의 높은 섭취수준이 뇌졸중의 발생 위험도를 유의하게 낮추는 것으로 나타났다. 영양소 중 나이아신, 비타민 E, 지방산들은 성별에 따라 위험도에 미치는 영향이 상반되게 나타났다. 본 연구는 조사대상자의 규모가 작고 특정지역에 국한 하여 조사가 이루어졌다는 제한점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 성별에 따라 상반되는 결과를 보인 영양소들에 대해서는 향후 조사지역을 광역화하고, 보다 대규모의 대상자 집단에 대해 심도 있는 조사를 통해 재확인할 필요가 있다고 본다.