• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.190-197
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• 2006

For enhancement of flaw detactability using array transducers, focusing of ultrasonic waves on a target in an inhomogeneous medium or through a complex geometry is important. But focusing can be strongly degraded by geometrical distortion of field radiated by the array transducers or by sound speed fluctuations in the propagating medium. In recent years, the time reversal technique has been proposed. Thus, in this paper, we describe the basic principal of the time reversal technique for focusing. Then, the implementation results of the time reversal technique for ultrasonic inspections using bulk waves and guided waves generated by array transducers are presented.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.159-165
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• 2012

The accurate focusing position should be determined for accurate measurements In VMS. Camera lens focusing is an important problem in computer vision and video measuring systems (VMS) that use CCD cameras and high precision XYZ stages. Camera focusing is a very important step in high precision measurement systems that use computer vision technique. The auto focusing process consists of two steps, the focus value measurement step and the exact focusing position determination step. It is suitable for eliminating high frequency noises with lower processing time and without blurring. An automatic focusing technique is applied to measure a crater with a one-dimensional search algorithm for finding the best focus. Throughout this paper, the suggested algorithm for the Auto focusing was combined with the learning. As a result, it is expected that such a combination would be expanded into the system of recognizing voices in a noisy environment.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.74-82
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• 2004

This paper proposes a fast zooming and focusing technique for implementing a real-time surveillance camera system which can capture a face image in less than 1 second. It determines the positions of zooming and focusing lenses using two-step algorithm. In the first step, it moves the zooming and focusing lenses simultaneously to the positions calculated using the lens equations for achieving the predetermined magnification. In the second step the focusing lens is adjusted so that it is positioned at the place where the focus measure is the maximum. The camera system implemented for the experiments has shown that the proposed algorithm spends about 0.56 second on average fur obtaining a focused image.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.355-361
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• 2012

This paper presents an experimental study on the detection and location of nonlinear scattering source due to the presence of fatigue crack in a laboratory specimen. The proposed technique is based on a combination of nonlinear elastic wave spectroscopy(NEWS) and time reversal(TR) focusing approach. In order to focus on the nonlinear scattering position due to the fatigue crack, we employed only one transmitting transducer and one receiving transducer, taking advantage of long duration of reception signal that includes multiple linear scattering such as mode conversion and boundary reflections. NEWS technique was then used as a pre-treatment of TR for spatial focusing of reemitted second harmonic signal. The robustness of this approach was demonstrated on a cracked specimen and the nonlinear TR focusing behavior is observed on the crack interface from which the second harmonic signal was originated.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2011

Hydrodynamic focusing technique to generate focused flow has been used for flow cytometry in microfluidic devices. However, devices with circular capillary tubes made of glass are not suitable for flow visualization or optical signal detection because the rays of light are distorted at the curved interface. We devised a new acrylic chamber assembled with a pulled micropipette and a rectangular microchannel made of glass. This new channel geometry enabled us to visualize the three-dimensional (3D) flow characteristics with confocal imaging technique. We analyzed the 3D hydrodynamic focusing in a circular capillary tube and a rectangular microchannel over a practical range of flow rates, viscosities and pressure drops.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.228-235
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• 2016

Flaws at dissimilar metal welds (DMWs), such as reactor coolant systems components, Control Rod Drive Mechanism (CRDM), Bottom Mounted Instrumentation (BMI) etc., in nuclear power plants have been found. Notably, primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) in the DMWs could cause significant reliability problems at nuclear power plants. Therefore, phased array ultrasound is widely used for inspecting surface break cracks and stress corrosion cracks in DMWs. However, inspection of DMWs using phased array ultrasound has a relatively low probability of detection of cracks, because the crystalline structure of welds causes distortion and splitting of the ultrasonic beams which propagates anisotropic medium. Therefore, advanced evaluation techniques of phased array ultrasound are needed for improvement in the probability of detection of flaws in DMWs. Thus, in this study, an investigation of focusing and steering phased array ultrasound in DMWs was carried out using a time reversal technique, and an adaptive focusing technique based on finite element method (FEM) simulation. Also, evaluation of focusing performance of three different focusing techniques was performed by comparing amplitude of phased array ultrasonic signals scattered from the targeted flaw with three different time delays.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.367-373
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• 2011

유도초음파를 활용한 진단 기술은 기존의 체적파를 이용한 진단 기법과 달리 장거리 진단의 장점 때문에 널리 사용된다. 대부분의 산업현장에서는 배관이 코팅되어 있거나 땅속이 묻혀있다. 이러한 경우 감쇠의 영향으로 기존의 방식으로는 진단에 어려움이 있다. 본 연구에서는 배관에서 전파되는 유도초음파 전파 모드별 음장을 직교모드확장기법을 이용하여 계산하였다. 단일 탐촉자에 의해 전파되는 유도초음파의 음장과 다중 탐촉자 모델링을 바탕으로 배관에서 전파되는 음장 특성을 해석하기 위해 유도초음파 모드별 집속 기술이 사용되었다. 추가적으로 배관에서 전파되는 유도초음파를 가진하는 탐촉자의 개수에 따른 집속 민감도가 종형 모드와 휨형 모드를 이용하여 계산되었다. 본 연구를 통하여 단일 탐촉자에 의해 가진된 유도초음파와 집속 알고리즘을 적용한 다중 탐촉자에 의해 가진된 음장을 비교하여 높은 에너지가 접속 되는 것을 확인 하였다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.333-346
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• 2024

Various techniques for noninvasively focus microwave energy on lesions have been proposed for thermotherapy. To focus the microwave energy on the lesion, a focusing parameter, which is referred to as the magnitude and phase of microwaves radiated from an external array antenna, is very important. Although the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD)-based time-reversal (TR) focusing algorithm is widely used, it has a long processing time if the focusing target position changes or if optimization is needed. We propose a technique to obtain multistatic data (MSD) based on Green's function and use it to derive the focusing parameters. Computer simulations were used to evaluate the electric fields inside the object using the FDTD method and Green's function as well as to compare the focusing parameters using FDTD- and MSD-based TR focusing algorithms. Regardless of the use of Green's function, the processing time of MSD-based TR focusing algorithms reduces to approximately 1/2 or 1/590 compared with the FDTD-based algorithm. In addition, we optimize the focusing parameters to eliminate hotspots, which are unnecessary focusing positions, by adding phase-reversed electric fields and confirm hotspot suppression through simulations.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2012년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.715-722
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• 2012

A structural health monitoring (SHM) technique for locating impact position in a composite plate is presented in this paper. The technique employs a single sensor and spatial focusing properties of time reversal (TR) and inverse filtering (IF). We first examine the focusing effect of back-propagated signal at the impact position and its surroundings through simulation. Impact experiments are then carried out and the localization images are found using the TR and IF signal processing, respectively. Both techniques provide accurate impact location results. Compared to existing techniques for locating impact or acoustic emission source, the proposed methods have the benefits of using a single sensor and not requiring knowledge of material properties and geometry of structures. Furthermore, it does not depend on a particular mode of dispersive Lamb waves that is frequently used in the SHM of plate-like structures.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.550-556
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• 2009

In an application of a time reversal(TR) focusing of array transducer on a defect inside the test material, we employ a new time delay focusing technique based the TR process. In order to realize this idea, a multi-channel ultrasonic system is constructed capable of applying necessary time delays to each channel. The TR-based focusing procedure first measures the backscattered signals after firing one of the array elements. A phase slope method is then used to determine the time-of-flights of the backscattered signals received by all elements of the array. These time delays are used to adjust the time of excitation of the elements for transmission focusing on the defect. In addition to the TR focusing, the classical phased array focusing is also considered for comparison. Experimental results show that the TR-based time delay focusing produces much stronger backscattered signals than the phased array focusing, demonstrating the enhanced capability of the TR focusing.