• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.45
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• pp.139-163
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• 2010

Companies make a great effort for saving costs because a rise in logistics costs weaken trade companies competitive position in the international market. Therefore it is important for companies and government to enhance logistics competitive. This article focus on the logistics laws and policies to improvement companies competitiveness and save logistics costs. It has researched from the point of view rather government basis than company basis. Korean Logistics policies have some fundamental problems that the law and policies are spreaded to several administrations such as, Ministry of Knowledge Economy, Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs etc. We propose the solutions as follows; First of all, we review the laws and policies on logistics and point out the problems. Second, setting up the principle of Korean Logistics Policies according to the changes in international logistics paradigm and circumstances. Third, adjustment of systems and tasks of administrations related to logistics. Fourth, innovation plan for logistics policies. The plan can carry out two ways demonstration business and diffusion business in order.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.33-48
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• 1995

In the process of containerization, the problem of regional maldistribution of container management plan arises seriously due to several factors like a number of unbalances of containers between loading and discharging ports. This study focus on the minimizing cost. This study is composed of two models which in effective management decision making show decision of the number of containers and transfer of empty containers. One is decision of the number of containers which carriers should possess by appropriate forecasting and the other is effective management decision making which includes the transfer of empty containers on calling ports. This study has suggested as follows, First, the Time Series analysis method, especially the "Exponential Smooting with Trend Adjustment" was used to forecast the trade volumes for the designated traffic route. Second, the Time Series analysis method in deciding the optimal number of owned container at the unbalances trade situation between East Bound and West Bound service, most important variables were found such as total traffic volume, the calling interval at a port, the number of days of voyage and the length of stay on shore of container for the optimal number of owned container. Third, effective management decision making model, which makes it possible to analyze the impacts of change in important matters such as lease and positioning policy, and actually influence decision making.on making.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.274-283
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effects of self-esteem and self-resilience while identifying the relationship between bullying victimization (being bullied) and depression based on a longitudinal study design. Methods: Participants were adolescent cohort of 1,971 middle school students participating in 2013 and 2014 Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey conducted by National Youth Policy Institute. Data were analyzed by Pearson's Correlation and regression. Results: The major findings are as follows. First, self-esteem and self-resilience were positively related to each other and negatively related to depression and bullying victimization. Second, bullying victimization effected the level of depression of adolescents and self-esteem played a mediating role between bullying victimization and depression while self-resilience did not. Conclusion: The results suggest that emotional factors continue to play an important role in promoting psychological adjustment of victims of bullying. Therefore, interventions are more likely to be successful if they focus on emotional skills development of adolescents.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 2024

In exhibition spaces such as art museums, lighting should primarily illuminate the walls where exhibits are displayed rather than the floor. Commonly used LED lighting consists of an LED and a diffusion plate that closely resembles a Lambertian light source with uniform light distribution at every angle. This type of illumination focuses on the floor surface where normal incidence occurs. Consequently, this general illumination method is not well-suited for effectively lighting the wall surface. Specifically, to illuminate a wall, it is necessary to increase the light intensity in areas with a large incident angle in the light distribution. In response to this issue, our study proposes an illumination system that uses an ultra wide converter to adjust the divergence angle from the light source to 180 degrees.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.3030-3049
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• 2023

With the development and wide application of hybrid network computing modes like cloud computing, edge computing and fog computing, the customer service requests and the collaborative optimization of various computing resources face huge challenges. Considering the characteristics of network environment resources, the optimized deployment of service resources is a feasible solution. So, in this paper, the optimal goals for deploying service resources are customer experience and service cost. The focus is on the system impact of deploying services on load, fault tolerance, service cost, and quality of service (QoS). Therefore, the alternate node filtering algorithm (ANF) and the adjustment factor of cost matrix are proposed in this paper to enhance the system service performance without changing the minimum total service cost, and corresponding theoretical proof has been provided. In addition, for improving the fault tolerance of system, the alternate node preference factor and algorithm (ANP) are presented, which can effectively reduce the probability of data copy loss, based on which an improved cost-efficient replica deployment strategy named ICERD is given. Finally, by simulating the random occurrence of cloud node failures in the experiments and comparing the ICERD strategy with representative strategies, it has been validated that the ICERD strategy proposed in this paper not only effectively reduces customer access latency, meets customers' QoS requests, and improves system service quality, but also maintains the load balancing of the entire system, reduces service cost, enhances system fault tolerance, which further confirm the effectiveness and reliability of the ICERD strategy.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.5 no.6 s.22
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• pp.203-211
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• 2004

This study is the results to survey on the problems and improvable Policies for current escalation system in construction contracts, through a Delphi survey to experts. From the survey results, it is desirable to decide the fluctuation rate of construction cost, which is the requirement of escalation clause, on the basis of inflation rate or construction cost index. The desirable price fluctuation rate is proposed as a $3\%$ level. However, it is difficult for construction companies to cope with the sudden increase of material price in advance, arising from short-term shock factors such as exchange rate and international raw material's price. Accordingly escalation system for specified materials, as an exceptional mode, should be introduced. As a method to calculate the fluctuation rate, ARCA(adjustment rate for the categories of articles) is more desirable than ARI(adjustment rate for an index), because the ARCA can be more reflected the characteristics of each construction work.To rationalize the ARI method, it is needed to announce the wage index, material index and machinery expense index via detailed classification by construction types. Also, it is desirable to prescribe the bidding date as a starting date of the price change, rather than contact signing date. considering the price change can happen since the biddiilg stage.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.7 no.1 s.13
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• pp.53-63
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• 1999

For the close range digital photogrammetry, multi-step procedures should be embodied in an integrated system. However, it is hard to construct an Integrated system through conventional procedural processing. Using Object Oriented Programming(OOP), photogrammetric processings can be classified with corresponding subjects and it is easy to construct an integrated system lot digital photogrammetry as well as to add the newly developed classes. In this study, the equation of 3-dimensional mathematic model is developed to make an immediate calibration of the CCD camera, the focus distance of which varies according to the distance of the object. Classes for the input and output of images are also generated to carry out the close range digital photogrammetric procedures by OOP. Image matching, coordinate transformation, dirct linear transformation and bundle adjustment are performed by producing classes corresponding to each part of data processing. The bundle adjustment, which adds the principle coordinate and focal length term to the non-photogrammetric CCD camera, is found to increase usability of the CCD camera and the accuracy of object positioning. In conclusion, classes and their hierarchies in the digital photogrammetry are designed to manage multi-step procedures using OOP and close range digital photogrammetric process is implemented using CCD camera in an integrated System.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.355-365
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• 2015

As the global climate has dramatically changed over the past decades, there has been active research on evaluating its effects on food security, which has been recognized as one of the most important issues in the field. In this study, we analyzed the impact of the climate change on the Korean agriculture using meta-analysis methods. Especially, our research focus is on estimating the effect of CO2 concentration and two adaptations (planting-date and cultivar adjustments)on rice that accounts for a larger proportion of the Korean domestic agriculture. Unlike traditional general meta-analysis methods that use summary statistics of effects of interest, meta analysis specific to the agriculture literature was conducted by integrating the data on rice yield that were generated under various CO2 emission scenarios and general circulating models of the 6 collected individual studies. As a modeling approach, the rice yield change ratio was set as the dependent variable and the main and interaction effects of CO2 concentration and adaptation were considered as independent variables in a regression model, As a result, CO2 is estimated to have opposite effects on rice yield depending on whether any of the two adaptations is applied or not; decreasing effect without adaptation and increasing effect with adaptation. In addition, it turns out that the cultivar adjustment has a higher increasing effect on rice yield than the planting-date adjustment. The results of the study are expected to be used as basic quantitative data for establishing responsive polices to the future climate changes.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.93-101
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to identify the control effect of empowerment from the effect to the task satisfaction of the nursing staff of the manager of followership, to study the relationship between the followership of nursing manager, task-satisfaction and empowerment that the nurse recognized. The data collection was conducted for nurses working at four general hospitals with 500 beds or more in Jeollanam-do from March 2 to March 17, 2019. The data were analyzed with the general characteristics of the subjects, and the degree of measurement variables were determined by frequency analysis and technical statistical analysis. The differences in the relevant factors according to the general characteristics were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA, and the correlation and multicollinearity among the measurement variables were analyzed as Pearson's correlation coefficiency, and Moderator regression analysis was performed to verify the adjustment effect of the empowerment. The results of the study showed significant results nursing managers' followership, empowerment and job satisfaction by the educational level. In addition, difference from work experience has shown statistically significant differences in job satisfaction. It has been shown that there is a static correlation between the followership of nursing manager that the subject recognized, empowerment and task satisfaction, the influence between followership and job satisfaction has been found to act as adjustment variables on empowerment. The conclusion of this study is meaningful in that it has verified its influence by applying recently emerging followership to nursing field. From now on, extensive research is important for the members to develop the leadership of members and followership.

• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• no.23
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• pp.103-152
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to develop a program for couples in early stage of marriage for enhancing family resilience based on the concept of 'Family Resilience' by Walsh. Based on the literature review of couples in early stage of marriage, marital enrichment, and Family Resilience, a program focused on belief system, organizational pattern, and communication process was designed and implemented. The program was applied to seven couples in early stage of marriage for four (3hours/session/week) sessions. The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was used to compare the pre and post effects of the program. By operating a focus group composed of the program participants, a qualitative analysis of the participant's evaluation was performed. The pre and post comparative analysis showed a significant enhancement in belief system, organizational pattern, communication process, and dyadic adjustment. The results of the qualitative study in the focus group also reinforced the effectiveness of the program. The evaluation showed that the 3 hour/ 4 session program was appropriate in terms program format. The significances of this study are the concretion of the concept of Family Resilience and providing practice tools for the daily practitioner.