• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2006

Solvent-free low foaming scouring agents (LFSC) were prepared by blending of 2-ethylhexylaminoethyl sulfate (2-EHAS), POE(10) octadecylbenzyl- ammonium chloride (POBAC) and Sedlan FF-200 (FF-200). As the results of several tests, 2-EHAS/POBAC/FF-200/water (8g/12g/20g/60g) mixture (LFSC-5) showed good cleaning power, penetrating ability and stability to alkali, and gave less problem in water pollution. The foaming power of LFSC-5 measured by Ross and Miles method was 8mm foam height immediately after foaming, and that measured by Ross and Clark method was less than 300mm foam height at $30^{\circ}C$, and 18mm at $80^{\circ}C$. As a result, LFSC-5 proved a good low foaming scouring agent for fiber.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2005

The main emphasis of this study is to optimize the process variables for manufacturing aluminum foam materials by direct foaming of remelted aluminum scraps. Aluminum foams were fabricated from two different raw materials, pure aluminum and used beverage cans. For both cases, $TiH_{2}$ was used as a foaming agent. Calcium was added as a thickener for the foaming of pure aluminum and no thickener was added for that of used beverage Cans because the pre-existing oxides of the used beverage cans are used as a thickener. Calcium and $TiH_{2}$ content varies from 0.5wt.% to 2.0wt.% and from 0.5wt.% to 1.5wt.%, respectively. The processing conditions, such as the effect of calcium on the melt viscosity, foaming temperature, and the optimum amount of the foaming agent with regard to the melt viscosity were discussed.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.174-177
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• 2010

We have developed an environment-friendly etching process, an alternative to the dichromic acid etching process, as a pretreatment of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) plastic for electroless plating. In order to plate ABS plastic in an electroless way, there should be fine holes on the surface of the ABS plastic to enhance mechanically the adhesion strength between the plastic surface and the plate. To make these holes, the surface was coated uniformly with dispersed chemical foaming agents in a mixture of environmentally friendly dispersant and solvent by the methods of dipping or direct application. The solvent seeps into just below the surface and distributes the chemical foaming agents uniformly beneath the surface. After drying off the surface, the surface was heated at a temperature well below the glass transition temperature of ABS plastic. By pyrolysis, the chemical foaming agents made fine holes on the surface. In order to discover optimum conditions for the formation of fine holes, the mixing ratio of the solvent, the dispersant and the chemical foaming agent were controlled. After the etching process, the surface was plated with nickel. We tested the adhesion strength between the ABS plastic and nickel plate by the cross-cutting method. The surface morphologies of the ABS plastic before and after the etching process were observed by means of a scanning electron microscope.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2017년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.162-163
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• 2017

This study investigated the properties of lightweight foamed concrete by using synthetic foaming agent and artificial lightweight aggregate. The effects of artificial lightweight sizes on the compressive strength, density and pore structure of the concrete were investigated. The samples were assessed by MIP analysis and simultaneous SEM was used to study their pore distribution. This study showed the improvement of important properties of lightweight foamed concrete. Lower pore distribution and correspondingly higher compressive strength values were reached. This is for the purpose of providing basic data for the use of lightweight foamed concrete through improvement on the problem such as unstability, falling in fluidity and the strength of existed foaming agent.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.256-261
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• 2009

Polyurethane has been one of the most important materials for automobile elastic parts such as bumper, head rest, instrument panel and so on since it covers very wide range of mechanical characteristics with low production costs. The processing variables such as formulation of ingredients and mold temperature, mixing speed, etc. can affect the quality of produced polyurethane foams so that process conditions should be determined appropriately. In this study, foaming behaviors of semi-rigid polyurethane were investigated by conducting cup foam tests with two major processing variables such as environmental temperature and blowing agent content. In addition, it was verified that processing conditions of real practice can be determined effectively by considering foaming characteristics obtained by the cup foam tests.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.323-329
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• 2023

There are many types of foam molding methods. The most commonly used methods are the pressure foaming method, in which foam resin is mixed with a foaming agent at high temperature and high pressure, and the normal pressure foaming method, which foams at high temperature without pressure. The polymer resins used for foaming have different viscosities. For foaming under normal pressure, they need to be designed and analyzed for optimal foaming conditions, to obtain resins with low melt-viscosity or a narrow optimal viscosity range. This study investigated how changes in viscosity, molding temperature, and cross-link foaming conditions affected the characteristics of the molded foam, prepared by blending rubber polymer with biodegradable resin. The morphologies of cross sections and the cell structures of the normal pressure foam were investigated by SEM analysis. Properties were also studied according to cross-link/foaming conditions and torque. Also, the correlation between foaming characteristics was studied by analyzing tensile strength and elongation, which are mechanical properties of foaming composites.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.272-279
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• 2010

전분은 친환경적인 천연자원이다. 건축 재료로서 활용 가능한 전분-아크릴 코팅졸을 유화중합으로 합성하였다. 제조된 합성물은 IR, $^1H$-NMR을 이용하여 구조를 분석하였고, X-ray Diffraction, 발포 시험, 백색도 시험, 광택도 시험과 인장 강도를 측정을 통하여 물리적 특성을 조사하였다. 전분-아크릴 폴리머 메트릭스에서 전분의 무정형 상태는 XRD결과로 알 수 있었다. 에멀젼을 60% $CaCO_3$ 수용액과 1%, 3%, 5% 발포제와 배합하였다. 그 결과 전분과 발포제의 양이 증가할수록 발포율이 증가하였다. 전분과 발포제의 양이 증가하면 인장 강도가 증가하였다. 그러나 전분과 발포제의 증가로 인해 백색도와 광택도는 감소하였다.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.241-246
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• 2010

The viscosity of foam metal is necessary to get the pores, but it is difficult to manufacture net-shape foam, because the fluidity decreases by increasing viscosity. In this study, the A356 alloy which has good fluidity and less defect was selected and fabricated to foam metal. To understand about effect of thickening agent on foaming and mechanical properties, quantity of thickening agent was changed. The pore size, porosity and distribution of foam metal were measured by i-solution program. And compression test were performed by UTM. In case of 3.0wt% Ca in thickening agent, it is found that most of foam consist of homogeneous shape, and the growth height had the highest value of 204 mm in the all fabricated foams. The porosity was 93% and compressive strength was 3.1 MPa. In the microstructure, the $Al_2Si_2Ca$ intermetallic compound and Ti were observed. The vickers hardness value rose with increasing viscosity value.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2016

콘크리트는 대표적인 불균질 재료이며 콘크리트의 역학적 특성은 다양한 요인들에 의해 영향을 받는다. 그 중 콘크리트 내부에 존재하는 공극은 콘크리트의 강도를 결정하는데 많은 영향을 주고 있기 때문에 공극의 분포 및 크기를 파악하는 연구는 매우 중요하며 그 방법으로 화상이미지를 이용한 연구가 대두되고 있다. 경량 기포 콘크리트는 현재 비구조용에 관한 연구만 진행되고 있기 때문에, 구조용으로 사용하기 위한 경량 기포 콘크리트의 역학적 특성을 평가하고 화상 이미지를 기반으로 FEM 해석을 이용한 검증에 관한 연구는 미비하다. 그러므로 기포제 혼입률에 따른 시멘트 페이스트를 제작하여 역학적 성능 평가를 실시하고 화상 이미지를 이용하여 FEM 해석을 실시하여 역학적 성능 비교 및 검증을 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 기포제 혼입률에 따른 공극 분포를 확인하기 위해 7수준으로 하였으며 추 후 구조용 경량 기포 콘크리트에 대한 연구를 진행하기 위해 물-결합재비를 20%로 하였다. 기포제 혼입률이 0.8%에서 단위 용적 질량이 최소가 되었으며 그 이상 혼입했을 시 기포 간의 상호 연결로 인한 깨짐 현상이 발생하여 단위 용적 질량이 증가하였다. 공극 분포에 따른 FEM 해석을 위해 화상분석기(HF-MA C01)를 이용하여 시멘트 페이스트 단면을 촬영하였고 이를 토대로 OOF(Object Oriented Finite elements)를 이용한 FEM 해석을 실시한 결과 실험 탄성계수와 해석 탄성계수가 일치하였다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.22-30
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• 2012

Four types of foaming agents, including Alcohol Ethoxy Sulfate (AES), Alpha Olefin Sulfonate (AOS), Vegetable Soap (VS), and Fe-Protein (FP), are widely used in the construction field. These have different surface tensions and viscosities in water of the same concentration, affecting the flow speed of liquid, size and distribution of foam, and foam stability. However, there is a lack of data regarding the properties of foam concrete using various foam agents. The purpose of this study is to investigate influence of foaming agents on the properties of foamed concretes with various densities. We find that the foaming agent type has little effect on the density, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity of foam concrete, but considerably affects the unit weight of foam, flow and flexural strength of foamed concrete. While almost all properties of foam concrete are affected by density in fresh or hardened state, the potential energy changed by slurry density and the viscosity of foam are dominant factors in the flowability of foam slurry.