• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2003

우주발사체의 2단용 엔진으로 10톤급 케로신 액체로켓엔진에 대한 냉각 기구로서, 재생냉각과 막냉각을 고려한 냉각특성에 대한 해석전 연구를 수행하였다. 연소기 내에서 연소 가스의 유동이 축방향으로 층류화되어 있다는 개념하에, 엔진 단면을 서로 독립적인 중심부와 외곽부로 나누며, 외곽부에는 여분의 연료를 분무시킴으로써 연소가스 온도를 낮추어 냉각채널로 전달되는 열유속량과 벽면 온도를 감소시킬 수 있었으며, 엔진의 열적 안정성을 향상시킬 수 있었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.225-241
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• 2007

A closed flux chamber system was used for measuring major greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from tideland and/or wetland soils in estuarine area at Saemankum, Kunsan in southwestern Korea during from months of February to June 2006. Hourly averaged GHG soil emissions were measured two to three times a day during the ebb tide hours only. Site soils were analyzed for soil parameters (temperature, pH, total organic contents, N and C contents in soil) in the laboratory. Soil GHG fluxes were calculated based on the GHG concentration rate of change measured inside a closed chamber The analysis of GHG was conducted by using a Gas Chromatography (equipped with ECD/FID) at laboratory. Changes of daily, monthly GHGs' fluxes were examined. The relationships between the GHG emissions and soil chemical contents were also scrutinized with respect to gas production and consumption mechanism in the soil. Soil pH was pH $7.47{\pm}0.49$ in average over the experimental period. Organic matter contents in sample soil was $6.64{\pm}4.98\;g/kg$, and it shows relatively lower contents than those in agricultural soils in Kunsan area. Resulting from the soil chemistry data, soil nitrogen contents seem to affect GHG emission from the tidal land surface. The tidal soil was found to be either source or sink for the major GHG during the experimental periods. The annual average of $CH_{4}\;and\;CO_{2}$ fluxes were $0.13{\pm}0.86\;mg\;m^{-2}h^{-1}\;and\;5.83{\pm}138.73\;mg\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$, respectively, which will be as a source of these gases. However, $N_{2}O$ emission showed in negative flux, and the value was $-0.02{\pm}0.66\;mg\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$, and it implies tidal land surface act as a sink of $N_{2}O$. Over the experimental period, the absolute values of gas fluxes increased with soil temperature in general. Averages of the ambient gas concentration were $86.8{\pm}6.\;ppm$ in $CO_{2},\;1.63{\pm}0.34\;ppm\;in\;CH_{4},\;and\;0.59{\pm}0.15\;ppm\;in\;N_{2}O$, respectively. Generally, under the presence of gas emission from agricultural soils, decrease of gas emission will be observed as increase in ambient gas concentration. We, however, could not found significant correlation between the ambient concentrations and their emissions over the experimental period. There was no GHG compensation points existed in tide flat soil.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2010

Ammonia ($NH_3$) is an important pollutant that plays a key role in several air pollution problems. It can create odors and have negative impacts on animal and human health. The largest source contributing to Ammonia emission is the agricultural production, in particular animal operation, in Korea. The present study evaluated flux profiles of Ammonia emitted from the cattle housing using a dynamic flux chamber. We have developed the emission factor of Ammonia from the cow housing. Analysis of Ammonia flux variation was made with respect to manure surface temperature, pH, and ammonium concentration. Ammonia has been measured from calf and cattle housing between October and December in 2007. In the fall, average Ammonia flux from calf and cattle housing was estimated 1.342(${\pm}0.728$) and 1.323(${\pm}0.655$)mg/$m^2$/min, respectively. In the winter, average Ammonia flux was estimated 0.889(${\pm}0.362$)mg/$m^2$/min from the calf housing and 0.925(${\pm}0.511$)mg/$m^2$/min from the cattle housing. The correlation coefficient between Ammonia flux and ammonium concentration showed stronger relationship than the relationship between manure pH and temperature. In the fall, Ammonia emission factor from calf and cattle housing was estimated 4.46(${\pm}2.39$) and 6.03(${\pm}3.27$)kg-$NH_3$/animal/yr, respectively. In the winter, average Ammonia flux was estimated 2.88(${\pm}1.53$) from the calf housing and 4.24({$\pm}1.63$)kg-$NH_3$/animal/yr from the cattle housing.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.102-110
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• 2004

재생냉각 설계 프로그램을 개발하였으며 CFD 해석과 RTE 코드를 사용하여 결과를 검증하였다. 본 코드는 재생냉각 성능과 연소실 벽의 응력 예측을 주요 기능으로 하며 연소가스와 냉각유체의 열전달은 경험식을 사용하고 립의 핀효과는 이론 관계식을 이용하였다. 연소실 벽의 온도는 RTE 코드를 사용한 결과와 비교하여 최대 약 100 K 차이를 보였으며 열유속과 연소가스의 열전달 계수는 10 % 미만의 차이를 보였다. 벽온도의 차이는 핀효과의 과소평가에 기인한 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.255-258
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• 2002

Liquid rocket engines using liquefied natural gas (LNG) or methane as a fuel is known to have several good characteristics, such as high specific impulse compared to other hydrocarbon fuels, environment-friendly exhaust gas, low production cost, and re-usability with low soot generation in the cooling channel. In this study, experimental combustion chambers capable of using LNC and $CH_{4}$ are being researched through experimental firing tests, and within easy range of eyes' inspection, there are the periodical existence of soot or discoloration in the chamber wall surface. This result means that mixture ratio of oxidizer and fuel fluctuates periodically between outer-row injectors in the mixing head in the circumferential direction. Therefore, based on this phenomenon, the variation of mixture ratio near the chamber wall caused by the spill pattern of a shear coaxial injector was analyzed quantitatively and the thermal heat flux Into the cooling channel is modified. Then, the calculated and modified results are compared with the measured ones.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2018

As the modernization of the nuclear instrumentation system progresses, research reactors have adopted digital wide-range neutron power measurement (DWRNPM) systems. These systems typically monitor the neutron flux across a range of over 10 decades. Because neutron detectors only measure the local neutron flux at their position, the local neutron flux must be converted to total reactor power through calibration, which involves mapping the local neutron flux level to a reference reactor power. Conventionally, the neutron power range is divided into smaller subranges because the neutron detector signal characteristics and the reference reactor power estimation methods are different for each subrange. Therefore, many factors should be considered when preparing the calibration procedure for DWRNPM channels. The main purpose of this work is to serve as a reference for performing the calibration of DWRNPM systems in research reactors. This work provides a comprehensive overview of the calibration of DWRNPM channels by describing the configuration of the DWRNPM system and by summarizing the theories of operation and the reference power estimation methods with their associated calibration procedure. The calibration procedure was actually performed during the commissioning of an open-pool type research reactor, and the results and experience are documented herein.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.759-768
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• 2019

In nuclear fusion reactors, the key structural component (i.e., the plasma-facing component) undergoes high heat flux cyclic loading. To ensure the safety of fusion reactors, an experimental study on the temperature-induced creep of stainless steel under heat flux cyclic loading was performed in the present work. The strains were measured using a stereo digital image correlation technique (3D-DIC). The influence of the heat haze was eliminated, owing to the use of a vacuum environment. The specimen underwent heat flux cycles ($500^{\circ}C-1000^{\circ}C$) with different mechanical preloads (0 kN, 10 kN, 30 kN, and 50 kN). The results revealed that, for a relatively large preload (for example, 50 kN), a single temperature cycle can induce a residual strain of up to $15000{\mu}{\varepsilon}$.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2006년도 제27회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.163-168
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 추력 30톤급 액체로켓엔진의 실물형 연소기 물냉각 연소시험 성능결과에 대해 기술하였다. 연소기 연소압력은 53bara 그리고 추진제 유량은 90kg/s이다. 케로신을 이용한 첫 번째 시험인 관계로 설계유량보다 약 120%정도인 32kg/s을 공급하면서 시험을 수행하였다. 이후 설계 케로신 유량 25kg/s을 공급하면서 성공적으로 시험을 수행하였다. 각각의 연소시험 결과에 대해 기술하였으며, 채널 연소실에서 케로신 냉각 성능이 충분해 재생 냉각 연소시험이 가능하다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.54-61
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• 1998

재생냉각방식을 사용하는 액체추진제 로켓엔진의 열 전달과정이 전산모사 되었다. 연소가스로부터 연소실 벽으로 전달되는 열 전달과정은 가스측 열 전달이라 한다. 이 열은 그을음과 연소실 금속벽을 통해 반경방향으로 전도되어 냉각제로 전달된다. 최종적으로, 이 열은 연소실 벽에 있는 통로를 따라 흐르는 냉각제에 대류전달된다. 본 연구에서는 위의 3가지 열전달량이 같은 크기임에 착안하여 냉각제측 벽 온도, 가스측 벽 온도, 열전달량을 결정한다. 냉각제 유동통로갯수 및 형상(높이, 폭), 연소실 및 노즐 외부형상(크기), 산화제 및 연료 물성치, 냉각제 물성치, 산화제/연료 혼합비, 냉각제 주입온도, 연소실 및 노즐 벽면 상에 연소시 생기는 그을음 두께가 주어지면 연소실 축방향에 따른 반경방향 온도분포 및 열 전달 량의 합리적인 수치 결과가 얻어진다.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.8-18
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 밑이 뚫린 원통형 진동수주 파력발전장치에 의한 파 에너지 흡수효율을 살펴보았다. 경계치 문제는 공기실내의 변동압력이 없을 때 입사파에 의한 산란문제와 공기실 내부의 변동압력에 의한 방사문제로 나누어진다. 공기실 내에서 공기 흐름에 대한 연속방정식을 적용하여 변동압력을 구하였다. 이로부터 진동수주 파력발전장치가 흡수한 시간평균 마력과 에너지 취득 폭을 구하였다. 수치계산에서는 원통형 공기실의 반지름과 잠긴 깊이 그리고 입사파의 주파수를 바꿔가면서 공기실 내부의 유량 변화와 에너지 취득 폭을 살펴보았다. 수학적으로 구한 최적의 터빈 상수를 대입하며 구한 에너지 취득 폭의 최대값은 원통형 공기실의 공진 모드 중에서 첫 번째 공진 모드인 Helmholtz모드에서 나타난다. 따라서 효율적인 파력발전장치를 제작하기 위해서는 설치될 해역의 파의 주파수와 공기실의 고유주파수가 일치되도록 공기실의 형상을 설계하여야 한다.