• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.1681-1691
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• 2023

Flavin mononucleotide-binding proteins or domains emit cyan-green fluorescence under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, but relatively low fluorescence and less thermostability limit their application as reporters. In this work, we incorporated the codon-optimized fluorescent protein from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with two different linkers independently into the redox-responsive split intein construct, overexpressed the precursors in hyperoxic Escherichia coli SHuffle T7 strain, and cyclized the target proteins in vitro in the presence of the reducing agent. Compared with the purified linear protein, the cyclic protein with the short linker displayed enhanced fluorescence. In contrast, cyclized protein with incorporation of the long linker including the myc-tag and human rhinovirus 3C protease cleavable sequence emitted slightly increased fluorescence compared with the protein linearized with the protease cleavage. The cyclic protein with the short linker also exhibited increased thermal stability and exopeptidase resistance. Moreover, induction of the target proteins in an oxygen-deficient culture rendered fluorescent E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells brighter than those overexpressing the linear construct. Thus, the cyclic reporter can hopefully be used in certain thermophilic anaerobes.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.637-645
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• 1994

The effect of various drugs on the stability of the liposomal membrane of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol was studied, employing the fluorescence self-quenching method. Calcein was entrapped into the phospholipid small unilamellar vesicles and the leakage of the fluorescence probe was monitored on adding the drug to the system. The results of the experiments showed that phenothiazine derivatives, some potent local anesthetics and surface active agents were very effective in inducing the leakage of calcein from the liposome. The leakage-inducing activity of these drug substances has been ascribed to their surface activity and the perturbation of the liposomal membrane by these substances. On the other hand drug substance with low surface activity or without amphiphilic moieties did not show any effect or only small effect on the leakage of calcein from the liposomes. The effect of lipid concentration on the stability of the liposomes was also investigated to show that the higher concentrations of lipid more drug was required to induce the leakage. The effect of surface charges of vesicles was also studied, and the results showed that the charge on the liposomes enhanced the stability of the liposomes against the leakage-inducing activity of these drug substances.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.826-831
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• 2018

This study presents fabrication of bi-compartmental particles labeled by multiple fluorescence. To compartmentalize fluorescent expression at the particle, two fluorescent dyes with less overlap of the excitation and emission spectra are selected. To ensure the fluorescence stability, the fluorescent dyes contain acrylate functional groups in the molecules so that they can be cross-linked together with monomers constituting the particle. Strong fluorescent expression and compartmentalization were observed at the particle fabricated using the selected fluorescent dyes through confocal microscopy. Furthermore, long-term fluorescence stability was verified by measuring fluorescent expression and intensity for 4 weeks. We anticipate that the bi-compartmental particles labeled by multiple fluorescence can be widely used for multi-target drug delivery system, analysis of 3 dimensional Brownian motion, and investigation of 3 dimensional complex self-assembled morphologies.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2010

Pigment concentrates with violet-red color and sweet taste were obtained from purple-fleshed sweet potato(PFSP) using ethyl alcohol and water. Extract from general potato(GP) were used as a control. The relative stability of PFSP pigment concentrate(PFSPPC) in a storage test over 15 days was confirmed in the order of dark > fluorescence > sun-light irradiation. The relative stability of GP pigment concentrate(GPPC) in a storage test over 15 days was confirmed in the order of sun-light > fluorescence > dark storage. The RRP of PFSPPC was higher than that of GPPC, but the color strength of GPPC was 1/2 that of PFSPPC. Treatment of PFSPPC with aluminum potassium sulfate(0.2~0.3%, w/w) best improved its stability. The improved RRPs of PFSPPC were 45.16~47.31% in sun light irradiation, 55.91~60.22% in fluorescence irradiation, and 76.34~75.97% in dark storage conditions. In substituting aluminum potassium sulfate for chitosan, an amount of 0.2~0.3%(w/w) was suitable, giving similar results in improving pigment stability for all concentrates tested. Also, freeze-dried PFSPPC powder was manufactured as a substitute for dextrin, and also as a substitute for chitosan to the extent of 0.25%(w/w). The results of storage stabilite for freeze-dried PFSPPC and GPPC powder over 15 days, irradiation were, PRRs of 74.47~89.36% and 61.54~76.92%, respectively. The stability improving effect of freeze dried PFSPPC powder was confirmed by the results of storage experiments at various conditions. The use of freeze-dried PFSPPC powder was therefore confirmed to be an effective treatment for general foods.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.10-15
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• 2012

Fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) are used extensively in the paper industry to improve the optical properties. FWAs are neither photochemically nor thermally stable, and thereby the papers containing FWAs can be damaged by external heat. We observed that the CIE whiteness, ISO brightness and fluorescence index of the commercial papers decreased with the thermal treatment and thought that the thermal fastness of FWAs was the main factor affecting the thermal stability of the papers. Thus, the model papers treated with three types of FWAs were manufactured respectively and the thermal stability of FWAs was identified by determining ${\Delta}$ CIE whiteness and ${\Delta}$ fluorescence index.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.152-158
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• 2009

Spectrophotometric investigation of the interaction of Cefpodoxime proxetil (CFP) with $Ca^{2+},\;Mg^{2+},\;Mn^{2+},\;Fe^{3+},\;Co^{2+},\;Ni^{2+},\;Cu^{2+}$ and $Zn^{2+}$ in acidic medium showed the formation of 1:1 complex. The absorption spectrum of pure drug exhibits two prominent peaks at 270 and 345 nm. Its spectra scanned at several pH exhibited two isosbestic points (305 and 330 nm) indicating the presence of zwitterionic condition of drug in solution phase. The fluorescence emission spectra of CFP in presence of different concentrations of metal ions showed enhancement in fluorescence intensity which is ascribed to chelating enhancement fluorescence effect (CHEF). The stoichiometry of the complexes was determined by Job’s and Benesi-Hildebrand method. The stability of the complexes follow the order $Ca^{2+}\;<\;Mg^{2+}\;<\;Co^{2+}\;<\;Ni^{2+}\;<\;Zn^{2+}\;<\;Mn^{2+}\;<\;Cu^{2+}\;<\;Fe^{3+}$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.958-962
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• 2012

In single-molecule fluorescence experiment, the oxygen scavenging system is indispensable for avoiding photo-bleaching of fluorescent dyes. Here we report that the gloxy-based oxygen scavenging system commonly used in single molecule fluorescence experiments can disturb the solution pH considerably. To track in situ pH change, we utilized the pH-sensitive conformational transition of i-motif and examined the transition with ensemble and single-molecule FRET measurements. Based on our results, we also suggested several practical remedies for the stability of the solution pH.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.215-221
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• 1991

Photoxynthetic properties of polyvinylalcohol (PVA)-immobilized chloroplast especially regarded to stability of photosynthetic electron transport and the fluorescence induction pattern were studied. When isolated spinach chloroplasts were immobilized with PVA, it showed good preservation of photosynthetic electron transport activity, especially PS II activity, during storage at -15$^{\circ}C$, 4$^{\circ}C$ and 2$0^{\circ}C$. And immobilized chloroplasts revealed similar thermostability of whole chain electron transport to free chloroplsts. And the absorption peak of red band of chloroplasts showed the blue-shift of 2-4 nm after immobilization. Fv/Fm ratio of chlorophyll fluorescence slightly decreased after immobilization. White light pulse after continuous light do not induced the additional fluorescence rise. This means chlorophyll fluorescence at room temperature reached to Fmax under continuous light in the immobilized chloroplasts. It seems that PVA may be a good candidate for immobilization matrix for the preservation of photosynthetic function of thylakoids and for the continuous use of chloroplast membranes of higher plants for solar energy storage and conversion.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.36-46
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• 1997

The present study investigated the effects of MTV(Manifold Throttle Valve) on the fuel distribution and the flame stability in a SI engine at cold, idling condition. For the quantitative measurement of fuel distribution with PLIF method, compensating techniques of various factors such as laser beam nonuniformity, background image and local OTF nonuniformity were developed. As a result, it was found that MTV had a positive effect on the air-fuel mixing and flame stability.

• BMB Reports
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.488-493
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• 2002

IgY was separated from a hen's egg yolk that was immunized with Helicobacter pyroli. The anti-H. pyroli IgY activity at acidic pH and the suppressive effect of polyol on acid-induced inactivation of IgY were investigated. Sorbitol and xylitol were used as polyols. IgY was quite stable at pH 5~7. Irreversible inactivation of IgY was observed at pH below 4, and proceeded rapidly at pH below 3. The acid stability of IgY was enhanced in the presence of 30% sorbitol or above. In a 50% aqueous sorbitol solution, an acid-induced inactivation was almost completely suppressed at pH 3. However, the improvement of IgY activity was not observed in the aqueous xylitol solution. IgY showed almost the same activity as native IgY when sucrose was substituted for sorbitol. On the other hand, the xylitol replacement with sucrose did not enhance the acid stability of IgY. The acid-induced inactivation of IgY was related to tryptophyl fluorescence. Fluorescence emission spectra suggested that structural changes near the tryptophan residues may occur under acidic conditions. An increase in sorbitol concentration induced a blue shift. The fluorescence emission of IgY in a 50% sorbitol solution had a peak at 330 nm, which was the same emission peak that was exhibited by native IgY. Sorbitol could, therefore, be used as a good stabilizer of IgY under acidic conditions.