• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.441-448
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• 2020

In this study, the engineering characteristics of CLSM mixed with GBFS and GF were identified to review the applicability as a replacement material and further evaluate the recharge and field applicability as a joint filler material. This study has resulted in the following findings. First, Using more than 30% of GBFS to replace FA enabled bleeding control through improved fluidity. Moreover, it has been confirmed that effective strength and proper quality can be achieved when it was applied as a refiller and joint filler material with higher early strength than the base material. Second, When using more than 30% of FNS to replace sand, it was found that adding 0.3~0.35 of the AE agent is effective for bleeding control through improved fluidity. Third, When using more than 30% of both GBFS and FNS in combination, it was found that adding 0.3~0.35 of the AE agent is effective for bleeding control through improved fluidity. Also, it was confirmed that proper mixing of 15~60% of GF secured the effective strength and desired quality as a refiller and joint filler material. Fourth, The relationship between the superficial level and internal micro pores of CLSM from the curing process needs to be discussed and reviewed in more detail through further research studies.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.230-238
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• 2024

In the present work, the interaction of lipid-based zwitterionic surfactant CDP-W with the vesicle membrane of phospholipids was investigated. For this purpose, interfacial properties such as critical micelle concentration (CMC) and surface tension were measured for the zwitterionic surfactant CDP-W and lecithin S100-3. The zeta potential of 1 wt% aqueous surfactant solutions was also measured as a function of pH to determine the iso-electric point of CDP-W surfactant, where the characteristic of CDP-W surfactant changes from a cationic surfactant to an anionic surfactant. Based on the iso-electric point measurement of CDP-W surfactant, the effects of pH change and CDP-W addition on the stability of S100-3 liposome systems were studied, such as average particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential. The effect of CDP-W on the fluidity characteristics of liposome membranes such as fluorescence anisotropy ratio, deformability, and melting point was investigated at pH 6 where the most stable liposomes were prepared to understand the effect of the fluidity of the liposome membrane on the encapsulation efficiency of active materials and the stability of liposome systems.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.267-270
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• 1999

In this paper, the application of limestone powder, which produced by being gathered electrically in the process of manufacturing of cement, to high fluidity concrete are investigated. According to the experimental results, especially, high viscosity and the loss of air content are accomplished by applying limestone powder as the partial substitution of fine aggregates. In case of hardened concrete, high compressive strength can be achieved by using limestone powder.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1994.10a
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• pp.151-156
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• 1994

This study is to investigate the quality of superplasticizers in domestic market. Therefore, the physico-chemical characteristics, the fluidity characteristics of fresh cement paste and mortar were tested. Also fresh and hardened properties of mortars and concretes using these superplasticizers were tested. From these results, differences of quality among superplasticizers are checked clearly in low water/cement ratio. And it is concluded that several superplasticizers have better dispersion ability than others in every tests. It has known that all samples are naphtalene sulfornate formaldehede types by the UV(ultra-violet) test.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.261-266
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to present the reference data on the development of undispersed underwater mortar for augered pile under various replacement ratio of fly-ash. According to the experimental results, when 10% of fly-ash is mixed under mix proportion of 1:1.5(c:s), as strength and shrinkage decrease slightly, whereas fluidity increase, high quality mortar for augered pile can be achieve in case above condition is applied.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.198-201
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• 2005

Nickel amalgam was Prepared by the electro-deposition with mercury cathode in a modified Watts bath. Homogeneous nickel amalgam was obtained. The fluidity of the amalgam decreased gradually with increased nickel quantity and become solid finally. Nickel powders of sub-micron size were obtained by a distillation of mercury from the amalgam. The characterization of the nickel amalgam was studied by SEM and x-ray diffractometry.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.407-414
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• 2009

Water-in-Oil (W/O) emulsions are widely used in cosmetics. However, O/W (Oil-in-Water) emulsions are generally superior to W/O emulsions in terms of stability. In this study, we investigated the changes of viscosity, the size of emulsion droplets, and rheological properties of emulsions prepared using distearyldimonium chloride (DDC), magnesium aluminum silicate (MAS) and quaternium-18 hectorite (QH). In addition to the changes of the composition, we tested the condition of homogenization including rotation per minute of the mixer and the mixing time. The viscosity of emulsions with DDC and AMS were not changed with time and the stability of emulsions was stable during the storage time. However, the fluidity of emulsions were low due to the forming gel network in the emulsions. The gelling power of the emulsions with QH was rather weaker than that of the emulsions with DDC and MAS. The viscosity of emulsions with QH was gradually reduced and the phase separation of emulsions with high concentration of oil was observed throughout the storage time, however, the stability of emulsions with DDC, MAS and QH was excellent, the fluidity of emulsions was enhanced, and the viscosity of emulsions was sustained for a long time after setting of emulsions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.03a
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• pp.338-350
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• 2010

As existing materials for ground reinforcement, chemical grout material using cementitous materials and waterglass was used. But many problems in terms of ground reinforcement effects were implicated. In this study, for development and applicability verification of new materials, viscosity, fluidity, permeability, Self-Leveling, keeping of drilled hole, antiwashout underwater, resistance of water (groundwater dilution and minimize material eluting) and the early strength and long-term strength characteristics of developed materials was confirmed, and material standards, and establishing construction standards for the various model tests were conducted. As a result, high viscosity, flowability, permeability and keeping of drilled hole characteristics are excellent, in addition to the early strength properties, dilution does nat occur to groundwater, including groundwater is available for dealing with environmental issues. Application of basic and reinforcement method by Filler function in addition to structure can also or development of a new concept can be expected. In addition, middle and large-diameter drilled shaft, micropile, ground anchors, soil-nailing, steel pipes multi-grouting reinforcement for cement injection process could be used enough to even be considered.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.173-177
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• 2017

A polynaphthalenesulfonate (PNS) superplasticizer and its relation to the fluidity of cement paste (w/c = 0.35) has been investigated for three cements at a given dosage of PNS superplasticizer. Chemical properties of three cements were characterized with a XRD, XRF. The additive effects of $Na_2SO_4$ on the fresh concrete with w/c = 0.33 were also estimated by the measurement of compressive strength, slump, air content. The experimental results exhibited that the addition of sodium sulfate 2.6 % to the cement A and C improves slump loss. In case of cement E, the addition of sodium sulfate 1.3 % was effective.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2006.03a
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• pp.1295-1302
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• 2006

Controlled low-strength material(CLSM) which is easily excavated and also known as flowable material, is commonly used as a backfill in utility trenches and other applications. In this study, a rapid-setting flowable material a kind of CLSM made with a field soil were evaluated by an experimental study. The properties ordinarily desired from the mix are: (a) flow under gravity; (b) hardening for early workability(after 4 hours)and cover; and (c) ultimate strength low enough to allow ready excavation. Fluidity of fresh material is evaluated using a simple spread test. Hardening is measured by a mortar penetrometer, and these values are correlated with unconfined compressive strength. It is desirable to keep the ultimate strength to less than $5.6kg/cm^2$ somewhat less target strength is selected for the 28-day value.