• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.5-12
• /
• 1999

This study presents the measured unsteady flctuation of impeller discharge flow for a centrifugal compressor in an unstable operating region. The characteristics of the blade-to-blade flow at rotating stall onset were investigated by measuring unsteady velocity fluctuations at several different diffuser axial distances using a hot wire anemometer. The flow characteristics in terms of the radial and tangential velocity components and the flow angle distribution at the impeller exit were analyzed using phase-locked ensemble averaging techniques. As a result, increase or decrease of the radial velocity component during the rotating stall is dominated by that of the suction side. The radial velocity distributions show the opposite trends in the regions where the radial velocity during rotating stall onset increases and decreases.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 2014

In this study, a new model for calculating the liquid film thickness and condensation heat transfer coefficient in a vertical condenser tube is proposed by considering the effects of gravity, liquid viscosity, and vapor flow in the core region of the flow. In order to introduce the radial velocity profile in the liquid film, the liquid film flow was regarded to be in Couette flow dragged by the interfacial velocity at the liquid-vapor interface. For the calculation of the interfacial velocity, an empirical power-law velocity profile had been introduced. The resulting liquid film thickness and heat transfer coefficient obtained from the proposed model were compared with the experimental data from other experimental study and the results obtained from the other condensation models. In conclusion, the proposed model physically explained the liquid film thinning effect by the vapor shear flow and predicted the condensation heat transfer coefficient from experiments reasonably well.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.35-42
• /
• 1999

The present experimental study is focused on the application of multi-point simultaneous measurement by PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry) to rotor-stater region within centrifugal turbine pump. Six different kinds of rpm(120, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500) are selected as experimental condition. Optimized cross correlation identification to obtain velocity vectors is implemented with direct calculation of correlation coefficients. Fine optical setup concerned with PIV performance is arranged for the accurate PIV measurement of high-speed complex flow. The instantaneous and time-mean velocity distribution and velocity profile are represented quantitatively at the rotor and stator region.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.77-83
• /
• 2012

수평축 조류발전 시스템에 사용되는 쉬라우드의 기하학적 형상각도별 해수의 유동장 특성을 전산유체역학을 통해 분석하였다. 쉬라우드를 포함한 전체 유동장 내 해수의 유속 분포는 일정한 조류속도조건에서 쉬라우드의 형상에 따라 크게 영향을 받으며 특히 발전성능에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 쉬라우드 내 최대유속의 위치 및 크기는 형상 별로 큰 차이가 있다. 실린더와 디퓨저부분의 길이가 같은 실린더-디퓨저 형태의 쉬라우드에서는 실린더 영역에서 비교적 높은 유속분포가 형성되었으며 노즐과 디퓨저부분의 길이가 같은 대칭구조의 노즐-디퓨저에서는 내경이 최소인 지점에서 국부적으로 나타났다. 실린더-디퓨저 쉬라우드에서 조류속도에 비해 높은 유속이 형성되었으며 중심축상의 유속은 노즐-디퓨저와는 다르게 쉬라우드 입구 근처에서 점차 증가하기 시작하여 실린더부분의 중앙 부근에서 피크값을 지나 디퓨저에서 급격히 감소한 후 다시 일정한 속도로 유지되어 가는 특성을 나타내었다. 이러한 쉬라우드의 형상과 해수유동장 변화특성에 대한 분석결과는 효율적인 조류발전시스템을 위한 쉬라우드의 최적설계에 응용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.54-60
• /
• 2002

Experimental study was conducted to obtain the air velocity profiles in turbulent pipe flow. The acrylic smooth pipe (${\phi}=80mm$) was used for the test section of the flow loop. It was known that the velocity profiles of turbulent flow were different with Reynolds numbers and the viscous sublayer was usually quite thin. The following conclusions were drawn from the experimental investigations. Maximum velocity of the pipe center and flow-rate are useful for the duct design on the spot. The velocity profiles of high Reynolds number was flatter than those of low Reynolds number. It was known that the exponent, n, for power-law velocity profiles was $6{\sim}9$ depending on Reynolds number ranging from $10^4$ to $10^5$ in the turbulent flow, However, in this experiment study, it was $9{\sim}14$ depending on Reynolds number ranging from 17,000 to 123,727 in the turbulent flow, and $1.7{\sim}3.5$ depending on Reynolds number ranging from 2,442 to 4,564 in the transition region.

• Design & Manufacturing
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.12-18
• /
• 2019

Fluid jet polishing is a method of jetting a fluid to polish a concave or free-form surface. However, the fluid jet method is difficult to form a stable polishing spot because of the lack of concentration. In order to solve this problem, MR fluid jet polishing system using an abrasive mixed with an MR fluid whose viscosity changes according to the intensity of a magnetic field is under study. MR fluid jet polishing is not easy to formulate for precise optimal conditions and material removal due to numerous fluid compositions and process conditions. Therefore, in this paper, quantitative data on the factors that have significant influence on the machining conditions are presented using various simulations and the correlation studies are conducted. In order to verify applicability of the fabricated MR fluid jet polishing system by nozzle diameter, the flow pattern and velocity distribution of MR fluid and polishing slurry of MR fluid jet polishing were analyzed by flow analysis and shear stress due to magnetic field changes was analyzed. The MR fluid of the MR fluid jet polishing and the flow pattern and velocity distribution of the polishing slurry were analyzed according to the nozzle diameter and the effects of nozzle diameter on the polishing effect were discussed. The analysis showed that the maximum shear stress was 0.45 mm at the diameter of 0.5 mm, 0.73 mm at 1.0 mm, and 1.24 mm at 1.5 mm. The cross-sectional shape is symmetrical and smooth W-shape is generated, which is consistent with typical fluid spray polishing result. Therefore, it was confirmed that the high-quality surface polishing process can be stably performed using the developed system.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.661-669
• /
• 1997

본 연구에서는 홍수시 비점착성 제체 위를 월류하는 흐름에 의한 유체-고체 혼합류의 속도 분포와 판박형 세굴을 다루고 있다. 속도 분포는 입지-관성 법칙을 기초로 한 응력-변형률 관계식으로부터 구할 수 있었으며, 세굴 깊이는 Coulomb의 동역학적 법칙을 이용하여 구할 수 있었다. 상기 이론으로부터 구한 이론치를 검토하기 위해 실험을 실시하였으며, 실험치와 비교적 잘 일치함을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 속도 분포의 이론식은 유체-고체 혼합류의 여러 유속 분포에 모두 적용 가능한 것으로서, 토석류에 관한 기존 이론을 상당히 개선시킬 수 있는 식으로 평가되었다. 설계 목적을 위해서, 만약 홍수량과 입자의 성질 및 제체의 규격이 주어진다면, 속도 분포와 세굴 깊이, 월류 수심 및 토사 유출량을 구할 수 있는 식 및 도표를 제시하였다.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.63-73
• /
• 2004

Flow in a channel with an obstruction at the entry can be reverse, stagnant or forward depending on the position of the obstruction. These flow phenomena have potential applications in the control of energy and various flows in process engineering. Parameters that affect this flow inside and around the test channel are the gap (g) between the obstruction geometry and the test channel, the Reynolds number (Re) and the length (L) of the test channel. The influence of these parameters on the flow behavior was investigated using a flat plate obstruction at the entry of the channel. A low concentration polyacrylamide solution (0.018% by weight) showing a powerlaw fluid behavior was used as the fluid in this investigation. The flow phenomena were investigated by the velocity measurement and the flow visualization and their results were compared with numerical simulation. These results of low concentration polyacrylamide solution are also compared with the results of water published elsewhere (Kabir et al., 2003). The maximum reverse flow inside the test channel observed was 20% - 30% of the outside test channel velocity at a g/w (gap to width) ratio of 1 for Reynolds numbers of 1000 to 3500. The influence of the test channel length (L) and the Reynolds number (Re) on the velocity ratio ($V_i$/$V_o$: inside velocity/outside velocity in the test channel) are also presented and discussed here.

• 한국기계가공학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.118-123
• /
• 2017

It is well known that water jetting is now widely used in the advanced cutting processes of polymers, metals, glass, ceramics, and composite materials because of some advantages, such as heatless and non-contacting cutting different from the laser beam machining. In this paper, we proposed the simulation model of waterjet by lengths and the inner spiral structure of the nozzle. The simulation results show that the outlet velocity of the nozzle is faster than the inlet. Furthermore, we found rapid velocity reduction after passing through the outlet. The nozzle of diameter ${\phi}500$ and length 70mm, shows the optimal fluid width and velocity distribution. Also, the nozzle with inner spiral structure shows a Gaussian distribution of velocity and this model is almost twice as fast as the model without spiral structure, within the effective standoff distance (2.5 mm). In the future, when inserting abrasive material into the waterjet, we plan to analyze the fluid flow and the particle behavior through a simulation model.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.166-174
• /
• 2014

Velocity gradient, G, a measure of the average velocity gradient in the fluid has been applied for complete mixing of chemicals in mechanical mixing devices. G values were calculated by the power input transferred to fluid in turbulent and transient range. Chemical reactions occur so fast that total mass transfer time required for even distribution of the chemicals determine the overall reaction time. The total mass transfer time is composed of the time for complete mixing through the reactor and for diffusion of the chemicals into the eddy. Complete mixing time was calculated by CFD (computer fluid dynamics) and evaluated by tracer tests in 2 liter jars at different rotating speeds. Turbulent range, Reynolds number above 10,000 in regular 2 liter jars occurred at revolution speed above 100 rpm (revolution per minute), while laminar range occurred at revolution speed below 10 rpm. A typical range of rotating speed used in jar tests for water and wastewater treatment was between 10 and 300 rpm, which covered both transient and turbulent range. G values supplied from a commercial jar test apparatus showed big difference from those calculated with power number specially in turbulent range. Diffusion time through eddy decreased 1.5 power-law of rotating speed. Complete mixing time determined by pumping number decreased increases in rotating speed. Total mass transfer time, finally, decreases as rotating speed increases, and it becomes 1 sec at rotating speed of 1,000 rpm. Complete mixing times evaluated from tracer tests showed higher than those calculated by power number at higher rotating speed. Complete mixing times, however, calculated by CFD showed similar to those of experimentally evaluated ones.