• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.151-166
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• 1997

ER clutch is a device using ER fluid, so called "intelligent material" and is a controlled system with electric field strength. Current problem of this device is that the temperature of ER fluid increases when ER clutch is operating and affects the performance of ER clutch. This study was undertaken to estimate this performance variation due to temperature increase of ER fluid. Analytic power transmission relationships and the temperature increase model using the rheological model of ER fluid were developed and the dynamic model of proposed ER clutch system was constructed, also. With this relationships, effects of changing geometric, kinetic parameters of ER clutch and ER fluid properties were described and performance variations due to temperature increases of ER fluid were estimated. In conclusion, compared with neglecting temperature increase effects, a performance of ER clutch was very differential. Therefore, to achieve uniform performance of ER clutch, we have to improve thermal stability of ER fluid with a view point of material development and design carefully ER clutch considering temperature increase effects with a view point of mechanical design skill.ign skill.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.186-194
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• 2011

This study performed the numerical analysis of the internal nozzle flows including cavitation phenomena by using the automated body-fitted grid generator and the multi-fluid model. The effect of grid refinement and the validation of multifluid model were investigated using four computational meshes under two test conditions. The mesh #3 was chosen as the optimum which can reduce the computational time and have good prediction ability to identify the cavitation region simultaneously. In addition, the computed results using multi-fluid model were compared with the reference experimental observations and numerical simulation results using homogeneous equilibrium model. From the distribution of volume fraction and velocity field, the multi-fluid model predicted the internal nozzle flows well when the liquid quality parameters were selected as $1.0{\times}10^{12}$ for initial number density and 25 ${\mu}m$ for bubble diameter.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.649-668
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• 2018

In this paper, we present a numerical model for fluid-structure interaction between structure built of porous media and acoustic fluid, which provides both pore pressure inside porous media and hydrodynamic pressures and hydrodynamic forces exerted on the upstream face of the structure in an unified manner and simplifies fluid-structure interaction problems. The first original feature of the proposed model concerns the structure built of saturated porous medium whose response is obtained with coupled discrete beam lattice model, which is based on Voronoi cell representation with cohesive links as linear elastic Timoshenko beam finite elements. The motion of the pore fluid is governed by Darcy's law, and the coupling between the solid phase and the pore fluid is introduced in the model through Biot's porous media theory. The pore pressure field is discretized with CST (Constant Strain Triangle) finite elements, which coincide with Delaunay triangles. By exploiting Hammer quadrature rule for numerical integration on CST elements, and duality property between Voronoi diagram and Delaunay triangulation, the numerical implementation of the coupling results with an additional pore pressure degree of freedom placed at each node of a Timoshenko beam finite element. The second original point of the model concerns the motion of the outside fluid which is modeled with mixed displacement/pressure based formulation. The chosen finite element representations of the structure response and the outside fluid motion ensures for the structure and fluid finite elements to be connected directly at the common nodes at the fluid-structure interface, because they share both the displacement and the pressure degrees of freedom. Numerical simulations presented in this paper show an excellent agreement between the numerically obtained results and the analytical solutions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2018

The two-fluid model is widely used for practical applications involving multi-phase flows in chemical reactor, nuclear reactor, desalination systems, boilers, and internal combustion engine. There are several modeling terms in the two-fluid model, which must be determined properly. This study suggests the best models for turbulent vertical bubbly flow.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.291-303
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• 2024

In this paper, we consider a feedforward network of overloaded multiclass processor sharing queues and we give a fluid model solution under the condition that the system is initially empty. The main theorem of the paper provides sufficient conditions for a fluid model solution to be linear with time. The results are illustrated through examples.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.409-422
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• 2001

The dynamic character of a system of the governing differential equations for the one- dimensional two-fluid model, where the momentum flux parameters are employed to consider the velocity and void fraction distribution in a flow channel, is investigated. In response to a perturbation in the form of a＇traveling wave, a linear stability analysis is peformed for the governing differential equations. The expression for the growth factor as a function of wave number and various flow parameters is analytically derived. It provides the necessary and sufficient conditions for the stability of the one-dimensional two-fluid model in terms of momentum flux parameters. It is demonstrated that the one-dimensional two-fluid model employing the physical momentum flux parameters for the whole range of dispersed flow regime, which are determined from the simplified velocity and void fraction profiles constructed from the available experimental data and $C_{o}$ correlation, is stable to the linear perturbations in all wave-lengths. As the basic form of the governing differential equations for the conventional one-dimensional two-fluid model is mathematically ill posed, it is suggested that the velocity and void distributions should be properly accounted for in the one-dimensional two-fluid model by use of momentum flux parameters.s.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.316-322
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• 2002

This paper presents the temperature-dependent hysteresis identification of an electro-rheological (ER) fluid under various operating temperatures using the Preisach model. As a first step, polymethylaniline (PMA) particles are prepared and mixed with silicone oil to make an ER fluid. A couette type electroviscometer is then employed to obtain the field-dependent shear stress. In order to show the suitability of the Preisach model to predict a physical hysteresis phenomenon of the ER fluid, two significant properties; the minor loop property and the wiping-out property are experimentally examined under three dominant temperature conditions. Subsequently, the Preisach model fur the PMA-based ER fluid is identified using experimental first order descending (FOD) curves. The effectiveness of the identified hysteresis model is verified in the time domain by comparing the predicted field-dependent shear stress with the measured one under the both specified and unspecified temperatures. In addition, the hysteresis model proposed in this work is compared to Bingham model.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.648-656
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• 2002

This paper presents the identification of temperature-dependent hysteresis of an electro-rheological (ER) fluid under various operating temperatures using the Preisach model. As a first step, polymethylaniline (PMA) particles are prepared and mixed with silicone oil to make an ER fluid. A couette type electroviscometer is then employed to obtain the field-dependent shear stress. In order to show the suitability of the Preisach model to predict a physical hysteresis phenomenon of the ER fluid, two significant properties; the minor loop property and the wiping-out property are experimentally examined under three dominant temperature conditions. Subsequently, the Preisach model for the PMA-based ER fluid is identified using experimental multiple first order descending (FOD) curves. The effectiveness of the identified hysteresis model is verified in the time domain by comparing the predicted field-dependent shear stress with the measured one under the both specified and unspecified temperatures. In addition, the hysteresis model proposed in this work is compared to Bingham model.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

This article describes the numerical investigation of turbulent blood flow in the stenosed artery bifurcation under periodic acceleration of the human body. Numerical analyses for turbulent blood flow were performed with different magnitude of periodic accelerations using a modified turbulence model which was considering drag reduction of non-Newtonian fluid. The blood was considered to be a non-Newtonian fluid which was based on the power-law viscosity. In order to validate the modified $k-{\varepsilon}$ model, numerical simulations were compared with the standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ model and the Malin's low Reynolds number turbulence model for power-law fluid. As results, the modified $k-{\varepsilon}$ model represents intermediate characteristics between laminar and standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ model, and the modified $k-{\varepsilon}$ model showed good agreements with Malin's verified power law model. Moreover, the computing time and computer resource of the modified $k-{\varepsilon}$ model were reduced about one third than low Reynolds number model including Malin's model.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2019

The two-fluid model proposed by Herman and Prigogine is useful for analyzing macroscopic traffic flow in a network. The two-fluid model is used for analyzing a network through the relationship between the ratio of stopped vehicles and the average moving speed of the network, and the two-fluid model has also been applied in the urban transportation network where many signalized or unsignalized intersections existed. In general, the average travel speed and moving speed of a network decrease, and the ratio of stopped vehicles and low speed vehicles in network increase as the traffic demand increases. This study proposed the two-fluid model considering congested and uncongested traffic situations. The critical velocity and the weight factor for congested situation are calibrated by minimizing the root mean square error (RMSE). The critical speed of the Seoul network was about 34 kph, and the weight factor of the congestion on the network was about 0.61. In the proposed model, $R^2$ increased from 0.78 to 0.99 when compared to the existing model, suggesting that the proposed model can be applied in evaluating network performances or traffic signal operations.