• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.122-128
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• 2020

In the field of experimental fluid dynamics, the 5-hole probe is one of the most widely used tools to measure flow velocity and pressure. We hereby describe the development of an inexpensive laboratory-based flow calibration system for 5-hole probes. The system is applied to a custom L-shaped probe, and the probe performance is compared against a standard commercial probe in a custom wind tunnel. The setup allows rotation of the probe around the yaw and pitch axes. Static and total pressure values are calculated, and then calibration maps are constructed based on the yaw and pitch angles. Using these maps, errors of the custom probe are found to be ±5% for velocity magnitude and ±3° for direction, compared to the commercial probe, when both pitch and yaw angles are within 40°.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2020

Intelligent devices using ICT technology have been introduced in the field of construction machinery to improve productivity and stability. Among the intelligent devices, Machine Guidance is a device that provides real-time posture, location, and work range to drivers by installing various sensors, controllers, and satellite navigation systems on construction machines. Conversely, the efficiency of equipment that requires location information, such as machine guidance, will be greatly reduced in buildings, and tunnels in the GPS blind spots. Thus, the other high-precision positioning technologies are required in the GPS blind spot zone. In this study, we will develop a relative position measurement system that provides precise location information such as construction machinery and robots in a local area where the GPS reception is difficult. A relative position measurement system tracks a marker in the form of a sphere installed on a vehicle by using the image base tracking technology, and measures the distance and direction information to the marker to calculate a position.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.125-136
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• 2008

많은 실제적인 공학 설계문제에 있어서, 목적함수의 형태는 설계변수들에 의하여 정확하게 주어지지 않는다. 이러한 환경 하에서, 구조해석, 유체 역학 해석, 열역학 분석과 같은 등과 같은 문제에서 설계변수들의 값이 주어졌을 때 목적함수들의 값은 실제 실험이나 계산상의 실험을 통하여 얻어지게 된다. 일반적으로, 이러한 실험들은 많은 비용이 든다. 이런 경우에는 실험의 횟수를 가능한 적게 하기위하여, 목적함수의 형태를 예측하는 것과 병행하여 최적화를 수행하게 된다. 반응표면분석(Response Surface Methodology, RSM)은 이러한 접근 방법에서 잘 알려져 있다. 본 논문에서는 목적함수의 예측을 위하여 서포트 벡터 기계(Support Vector Machines, SVM)의 방법을 적용할 것이다. 이러한 접근에서 가장 중요한 과제들 중의 하나는 가능한 실험의 횟수를 적게 하기 위하여 적절하게 표본자료들을 배치하는 것이다. 이러한 목적에 서포트 벡터의 정보들이 효과적으로 사용되어짐을 보이고 제안한 방법의 효율성은 공학 설계문제에서 잘 알려진 수치 예제를 통하여 보인다.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2004

This paper describes a method of detecting formation boundaries, and permeable fractures, from frequency-domain Stoneley wave logs. Field data sets were collected between the depths of 330 and 360 m in well EE-4 in the Higashi-Hachimantai geothermal field, using a monopole acoustic logging tool with a source central frequency of 15 kHz. Stoneley wave amplitude spectra were calculated by performing a fast Fourier transform on the waveforms, and the spectra were then collected into a frequency-depth distribution of Stoneley wave amplitudes. The frequency-domain Stoneley wave log shows four main characteristic peaks at frequencies 6.5, 8.8, 12, and 13.3 kHz. The magnitudes of the Stoneley wave at these four frequencies are affected by formation properties. The Stoneley wave at higher frequencies (12 and 13.3 kHz) has higher amplitudes in hard formations than in soft formations, while the wave at lower frequencies (6.5 and 8.8 kHz) has higher amplitudes in soft formations than in hard formations. The correlation of the frequency-domain Stoneley wave log with the logs of lithology, degree of welding, and P-wave velocity is excellent, with all of them showing similar discontinuities at the depths of formation boundaries. It is obvious from these facts that the frequency-domain Stoneley wave log provides useful clues for detecting formation boundaries. The frequency-domain Stoneley wave logs are also applicable to the detection of a single permeable fracture. The procedure uses the Stoneley wave spectral amplitude logs at the four frequencies, and weighting functions. The optimally weighted sum of the four Stoneley wave spectral amplitudes becomes almost constant at all depths, except at the depth of a permeable fracture. The assumptions that underlie this procedure are that the energy of the Stoneley wave is conserved in continuous media, but that attenuation of the Stoneley wave may occur at a permeable fracture. This attenuation may take place at anyone of the four characteristic Stoneley wave frequencies. We think our multispectral approach is the only reliable method for the detection of permeable fractures.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.369-387
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• 2023

본 연구는 2년간 대학원 실험 연구실에서 이루어진 나의 과학 연구 경험을 들뢰즈의 '배치'와 '되기'의 관점에 기반하여 해석한 것이다. 연구는 자서전적 내러티브 탐구 방법에 따라 수행되었다. 연구 텍스트는 나의 과학 연구 경험에 관해 이야기하고, 이를 들뢰즈의 관점에서 다시 이야기하는 형식으로 작성되었다. 들뢰즈의 시선에서 과학연구는 끊임없이 유동하는 배치이다. 연구 배치는 여러 실험 도구-기계와 연구자-기계 등의 기계적 배치와 프로토콜, 생명과학, 실험실 규칙과 같은 언표행위의 집합적 배치로 이루어져 있으며 이러한 배치 곳곳에서 사건이 발생하면서 배치가 유동한다. 물질적 차원에서 일어나는 변화로서 데이터는 하나의 사건이며 문제를 제기하는 기호이다. 데이터는 연구자와의 관계 속에서 배치를 변화시킬 수 있는 행위능력을 발휘하며 그 과정에서 의미가 형성되었다. 배치의 변화는 내가 과학적 실행을 하도록 강제하였다. 나는 차이를 머금고 반복되는 과학적 실행을 통과하면서 다른 기계와 끊임없이 접속하였고, 몸이 정동하면서 배치를 이루는 몸의 역량이 증대되었다. 이와 더불어, 데이터와 함께 기존의 과학 연구 배치에서 탈영토화되고, 새로운 과학연구 배치에 재영토화되면서 이전과는 다른 나로 차이생성되면서 과학연구자-되기가 이루어질 수 있었다. 본 연구는 나의 과학 연구 경험을 기반으로 과학연구자-되기 과정을 탐색함으로써 과학적 실행 기반의 과학교육에 시사점을 제공한다.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.45-51
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• 1999

Centrifugal fans are widely used and the noise generated by these machines causes one of the most serious problems. In general, the centrifugal fan noise is often dominated by tones at BPF(blade passage frequency) and its higher harmonics. This is a consequence of the strong interaction between the flow discharged from the impeller and the cutoff in the casing. However, only a few researches have been carried out on predicting the noise due to the difficulty in obtaining detailed information about the flow field and casing effects on noise radiation. The objective of this study is to develop a prediction method for the unsteady flow field and the acoustic pressure field of a centrifugal fan and to calculate the effects of rotating velocity, flow rate, cut-off distance and the number of blades and its effects on the noise of the fan. We assume that the impeller rotates with a constant angular velocity and the flow field around the impeller is incompressible and inviscid. So, a discrete vortex method (DVM) is used to model the centrifugal fan and to calculate the flow field. The force of each element on the blade is calculated with the unsteady Bernoulli equation. Lowson's method is used to predict the acoustic source. The cut-off distance is the most important factor effecting the noise generation. Acoustic pressure is proportional to 2.8, which shows the same scaling index as the experimental result. In this paper, the cut-off distance is found to be the dominant parameter offecting the acoustic pressure.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.271-288
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• 2011

The mathematical modelling of screw compressor processes and its implementation in their design began about 30 years ago with the publication of several pioneering papers on this topic, mainly at Purdue Compressor Conferences. This led to the gradual introduction of computer aided design, which, in turn, resulted in huge improvements in these machines, especially in oil-flooded air compressors, where the market is very competitive. A review of progress in such methods is presented in this paper together with their application in successful compressor designs. As a result of their introduction, even small details are now considered significant in efforts to improve performance and reduce costs. Despite this, there are still possibilities to introduce new methods and procedures for improved rotor profiles, design optimisation for each specified duty and specialized compressor design, all of which can lead to a better product and new areas of application. A review of methods and procedures which lead to modern screw compressor practice is presented in this paper. This paper is intended to give a cross section through activities being done in mathematical modelling of screw compressor process through last five decades. It is expected to serve as a basis for further contributions in the area and as a challenge to the forthcoming generations of scientists and engineers to concentrate their efforts in finding future and more extended approaches and submit their contributions.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.295-302
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• 2009

The flow in the draft tube cone of Francis turbines operated at partial discharge is a complex hydrodynamic phenomenon where an incoming steady axisymmetric swirling flow evolves into a three-dimensional unsteady flow field with precessing helical vortex (also called vortex rope) and associated pressure fluctuations. The paper addresses the following fundamental question: is it possible to compute the circumferentially averaged flow field induced by the precessing vortex rope by using an axisymmetric turbulent swirling flow model? In other words, instead of averaging the measured or computed 3D velocity and pressure fields we would like to solve directly the circumferentially averaged governing equations. As a result, one could use a 2D axi-symmetric model instead of the full 3D flow simulation, with huge savings in both computing time and resources. In order to answer this question we first compute the axisymmetric turbulent swirling flow using available solvers by introducing a stagnant region model (SRM), essentially enforcing a unidirectional circumferentially averaged meridian flow as suggested by the experimental data. Numerical results obtained with both models are compared against measured axial and circumferential velocity profiles, as well as for the vortex rope location. Although the circumferentially averaged flow field cannot capture the unsteadiness of the 3D flow, it can be reliably used for further stability analysis, as well as for assessing and optimizing various techniques to stabilize the swirling flow. In particular, the methodology presented and validated in this paper is particularly useful in optimizing the blade design in order to reduce the stagnant region extent, thus mitigating the vortex rope and expending the operating range for Francis turbines.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.303-317
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• 2019

Magneto-rheological fluid (MRF) rotatory dampers are normally used for controlling the constant rotation of machines and engines. In this research, such a device is proposed to act as variable stiffness device to alleviate the rotational oscillation existing in the many engineering applications, such as motor. Under such thought, the main purpose of this work is to characterize the nonlinear torque-angular displacement/angular velocity responses of an MRF based variable stiffness device in oscillatory motion. A rotational hysteresis model, consisting of a rotatory spring, a rotatory viscous damping element and an error function-based hysteresis element, is proposed, which is capable of describing the unique dynamical characteristics of this smart device. To estimate the optimal model parameters, a modified whale optimization algorithm (MWOA) is employed on the captured experimental data of torque, angular displacement and angular velocity under various excitation conditions. In MWOA, a nonlinear algorithm parameter updating mechanism is adopted to replace the traditional linear one, enhancing the global search ability initially and the local search ability at the later stage of the algorithm evolution. Additionally, the immune operation is introduced in the whale individual selection, improving the identification accuracy of solution. Finally, the dynamic testing results are used to validate the performance of the proposed model and the effectiveness of the proposed optimization algorithm.

• Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.398-413
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• 2016

This work describes the design and development of a new drying system for a rollover carwash machine with the support of numerical tools. The drying system is composed of a pair of stationary vertical dryers and a moveable horizontal dryer that can adjust itself to the contour of a vehicle. After the definition of the dryers' concept, their performance was assessed individually to check their internal flow pattern and to improve their airflow distribution. These issues are expected to provide feedback on redesign and geometric optimization of the dryers. After redesign of the dryers separately, the behaviour of the complete drying system was studied on actual vehicle models, representative of the shortest and tallest dimensions that can be washed with the existing carwash machine sector. The drying efficiency of the whole system was studied by calculation of shear stress distribution on various surfaces of a given vehicle. The results allowed concluding that the overall drying performance of the design system is very good and assure adequate drying on most vehicles surfaces. The results obtained from numerical studies were then validated with experimental measurements and a good agreement was found between the two. The procedure employed in this work can be applied to support the design and analysis of other mechanical drying systems.