• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.571-580
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 열에너지 저장시스템의 중요한 요소인 저장 매체에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 열에너지 저장 매체로써 콘크리트는 열적 및 역학적 특성이 우수하며 저렴한 비용으로 인해 다양한 이점을 갖는다. 또한, 강섬유가 혼입된 초고강도 콘크리트는 고인성 및 고강도 특성으로 인해 고온 노출에 우수한 내구성을 나타내며, 강섬유의 높은 열전도율은 축열 및 방열에 유리한 영향을 미친다. 초고강도 콘크리트의 온도분포 특성을 파악하기 위하여 콘크리트 블록을 제작하고 일정한 열사이클을 적용하여 가열실험을 수행하였다. 열유체 흐름에 의한 열전달을 위하여 열전달 파이프를 콘크리트 블록 중심부에 매립하였다. 또한, 열전달 파이프 형상에 따른 온도분포 특성을 비교하기 위하여 핀의 유무에 따라 원형 파이프 및 종방향 핀 부착 파이프를 설정하였다. 열사이클에 따른 온도분포 특성을 분석하고, 이를 토대로 시간에 따른 열에너지 및 누적 열에너지를 산정하여 비교 분석하였다. 열사이클이 반복될수록 강섬유 혼입 초고강도 콘크리트는 고온에 대하여 안정화를 나타내었다. 또한, 온도분포 및 열에너지 산정 결과를 통해 축열 성능을 보유한 것으로 판단되며, 열에너지 저장 매체 역할을 수행할 수 있는 재료로 기대된다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제36권6_3호
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• pp.1643-1652
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 국지예보시스템(LDAPS)과 전산유체역학(CFD) 모델을 접합하여, 부산 중구 광복동에 소재한 건물 밀집 지역의 상세 흐름을 조사하였다. 도시 지역 기상에 대한 보다 현실적인 수치 모의를 위해 기상청이 현업으로 운용하는 LDAPS 결과로부터 기상 요소(풍향, 풍속, 온위)를 추출하여 CFD 모델의 초기·경계장으로 사용하였다. LDAPS로부터 추출한 기상 요소(U, V)는 공간 선형 보간법을 이용하여 CFD 모델의 수평·연직 격자에 맞게 내삽하였고, 공간 선형 보간법을 이용해 내삽한 온위는 CFD 모델의 각 격자점에서 온도로 변환된다. 본 연구에서는 건물 옥상에서 측정한 3차원 초음파 풍향·풍속계에서 측정한 풍속과 풍향을 이용하여 수치 모의 결과를 검증하였다. 대상 기간(2020년 6월 22일) 동안 측정 지점(PKNU-SONIC)에서는 바람이 약하게 나타났고, 새벽 시간에는 북동풍과 북서풍이 불었으며, 주간에는 주로 남동풍이 불었다. LDAPS-CFD 접합 모델은 측정 풍향과 풍속을 유사하게 수치 모의하였다. 07시에는 동북동쪽에서 유입되는 흐름이 지형과 건물에 의해 변화하였고, PKNU-SONIC 지점에서 수치 모의된 풍향(동남동풍)은 측정 풍향과 유사하다. 19시에는 남동쪽에서 유입되는 흐름이 PKNU-SONIC 지점까지 유입되어 측정 풍향과 유사하게 모의하였다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1092-1099
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• 2022

대기오염물질과 온실가스 배출량을 저감 시키기 위한 배기 후처리 장치에 대한 연구는 활발히 진행 중이지만 그 중 선박용 입자상물질/질소산화물(PM/NOx) 동시저감 장치에서는 엔진에 미치는 배압 및 필터 담체 교체에 대한 문제가 발생하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 PM/NOx를 동시저감 할 수 있는 일체형 장치의 최적 설계를 위해 장치 내부 유동과 입·출구 압력을 통한 배압의 변화를 연구하여 적절한 기준을 제시하였다. Ansys Fluent를 활용하여 디젤미립자필터(DPF) 및 선택적촉매환원법(SCR)에 다공성 매체 조건을 적용하였고 공극률은 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 % 및 70 %로 설정하였다. 또한, 엔진 부하에 따른 Inlet 속도를 경계 조건으로 7.4 m/s, 10.3 m/s, 13.1 m/s 및 26.2 m/s로 적용하여 배압에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. CFD 분석 결과, 장치의 입구 온도 보다 입구 속도에 따른 배압의 변화율이 크고 최대 변화율은 27.4 mbar였다. 그리고 모든 경계 조건에서의 배압이 선급 기준인 68 mbar를 초과하지 않았기 때문에 1800 kW 선박에 적합한 장치로 평가되었다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.262-274
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• 1999

구강내의 불소농도를 증가시키는 여러 방법에는 불화된 상수도를 섭취하거나 불소보조제를 복용하는 전신적 투여방법과 불소치약, 불소양치액, 불소젤의 도포와 같은 국소적 투여방법이 있다. 그동안 다양한 delivery system을 통한 국소도포용 불소제제가 임상적으로 우식증을 예방하는데 도움이 된다는 사실이 확인되었다. 최근의 연구에서 불소의 항우식효과는 치아주위의 oral fluid environment속에서 불소의 중요성을 지적하고 있다. 비자극성 전타액내 불소농도는 주어진 시간동안 치면과 상호작용이 가능한 aqueous phase의 불소를 나타낸다고 한다. 따라서 타액내의 불소 농도를 조사함으로써 간접적으로 우식예방효과에 대한 정보를 얻을 수 있다. 우식증예방을 위해 환자에게 여러 가지 국소도포방법 중 한 가지를 추천하기에 앞서 이들 각 방법이 타액내 불소농도를 증가시키는데 얼마나 효과적인지 알 필요가 있다. 이에 저자는 국소적 불소도포후 구강내 불소의 잔류량과 시간별 농도를 비교하고자 현재 국내에서 많이 쓰이고 있는 서로다른 네가지 불소제제를 사용하고 난 뒤 시간변화에 따른 타액내 불소농도를 HMDS를 이용한 확산법과 불소이온전극을 사용하여 측정하고 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 비자극성 혼합타액내 평균 불소농도는 $0.0152ppm{\pm}0.0091ppm$이었으며, 비자극성 타액분비율은 0.34-0.36ml/min으로 각군간에 통계적 유의차는 없었다. 2. 불소제제 사용직후를 제외하고는 모든 구간에서 타액내 불소 농도는 APF gel군>neutral gel군>불소양치액군>불소치약군의 순이었고, 불소처치 120분 경과후 불소치약군의 타액내 불소농도가, 180분 경과후 불소양치액군의 불소농도가 대조군과 통계적 유의차를 보이지 않은 반면, 6시간 경과후까지 APF gel군과 neutral gel군의 타액내 불소농도가 대조군에 비해 유의성있게 높게 유지되었다(p<0.05). 3. 불소제제 사용직후부터 120분 경과후까지 타액내 잔류불소량($AUC_{0-120min}$)은 neutral gel군>APF gel군>불소양치액군>불소치약군의 순이었고, neutral gel군과 APF gel군이 대조군과 나머지 두 군에 비해 유의하게 높은 값을 보였다(p<0.05).

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.399-415
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• 1999

세포내 유리칼슘(free calcium, $Ca^{2+}$)은 세균에서 고등동물에 이르기까지 거의 모든 세포에서 세포 고유작용을 조절하는 중요한 세포내 신호전달체계(signal transduction system)의 매개체이다. 타액선 세포에서 부교감 신경 자극으로 타액분비가 증가될 때에도 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도 증가가 가장 중요한 역할을 한다. 그러나 췌장(pancreas)의 경우 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 이외에도 인접세포를 전기적 화학적으로 연결해주는 gap junction이 외분비 기능을 직접적으로 조절할 가능설이 제시되었다. 타액선 세포에서도 세포막에 고농도의 gap junction이 존재하고 있으며 gap junction을 통해 인접세포들이 전기적, 화학적으로 연계되어 있어 gap junction이 타액선 세포의 기능을 직접적으로 조절할 가능성을 내포하고 있다. 따라서 gap junction이 타액선의 타액분비 작용에도 중요한 역할을 하며 이러한 작용이 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도를 조절하여 이루어질 것이라는 가정하에 이를 확인하는 실험을 시행하였다. 흰쥐 악하선에서 유리되는 타액양을 측정하기 위해서 악하선으로 혈액을 공급하는 동맥에 가는 관을 삽입하여 생리 식염수를 관류하면서 타액선관을 통해 타액을 채취하였다. 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도는 분리한 악하선 acini 내에 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도 변화에 민감하게 반응하는 형광물질인 fura-2를 축적시키고 형광 분석기를 사용하여 형광강도를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. CCh 투여로 타액 분비가 증가하였을 때 gap junction을 봉쇄하는 약물인 octanol(1 mM)을 투여하면 타액분비가 봉쇄되었으며 이는 가역적 반응이었다. 2. CCh투여로 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도가 증가하였을 때 1mM octanol을 투여하면 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도가 CCh 투여전의 상태로 감소되었다. 3. Octanol은 CCh에 의하여 유발된 초기 $Ca^{2+}$ 증가를 억제하지는 못한 반면에 후기 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도를 감소시켰다. 4. 세포막 $Ca^{2+}$ 통로를 열어주는 약물인 thapsigargin($1{\mu}M$)을 투여하여 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도를 증가시킨 후 1mM octanol을 투여하면 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도가 thapsigargin 투여 전의 상태로 감소하였다. 5. 2,5-di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzohydroquinone(TBQ)의 투여로 세포막을 통한 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도의 주기적 변동인 $Ca^{2+}$의 oscillation이 유발되었는데, 이때 1mM octanol을 투여한 경우에 $Ca^{2+}$농도의 oscillation이 정지하여 역시 gap junction을 봉쇄하면 TBQ에 의해서 유발된 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도의 주기적 변동이 사라지고 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도의 감소가 나타남을 확인하였다. 6. Gap junction을 봉쇄하는 또 다른 약물인 glycyrrhetinic acid($100{\mu}M$)도 CCh 자극으로 인한 타액분비를 억제하였다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 gap junction은 흰쥐 악하선 세포로부터의 타액분비 조절에 중요한 역할을 하는데, 이는 gap junction이 세포막 $Ca^{2+}$ 통로를 조절함으로써 수용체 자극으로 유발된 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도 변화에 영향을 미친 결과인 것으로 추측된다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
• /
• pp.17-17
• /
• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.80-87
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• 2010

본 연구는 Athabasca 오일샌드광구의 역청 생산방법인, SAGD 수행에 영향을 주는 불균질한 유효투수도의 분포도를 만드는 저류층 모델링 작업 공정을 개발하기 위한 것이다. 암석학적 상 분포는 연구 지역 역청 저류층 내의 불균질성의 주요 원인이다. 대상 매질은 사암과 이암으로 구성된 하천에서 바다로 이어지는 채널로서 이암이 유체의 흐름을 방해해 유효 투수도를 감소시키고 있다. 본 연구에서는 암석학적 상등을 이암의 모양에 따라 마른 특성의 유효투수도를 갖는 세 종류로 분류하였다. 본 연구의 저류층 모델링 작업과정은 상 모델과 투수도 모델링, 두 가지 주요 모듈로 구성되어 있다. 상 모델링은 확률적인 접근을 이용하여 유효투수도 결정에 중요한, 세가지 상등 중에 어떤 종류에 속하는지를 알려준다. 투수도 모델링은 먼저 이암의 체적율을 구하고 그것을 유효투수도로 변환시킨다. 암석상들의 소형 모델에 대한 일련의 시뮬레이션 적용을 통해 이암 체적율을 유효투수도로 변환시키는 변환함수를 얻는다. 탄성파 자료는 지구통계학적 방법으로 상 모델링에 입력되는 상등의 우선 확률을 제공함으로써 상 모델링에 기여한다. 특히, 본 연구에서는 상들의 우선 확률을 개선하기 위해 상등의 예측 시 다양한 탄성파 속성들을 복합적으로 사용하는 신경망 방법을 이용하였다. 상 구분에 있어서의 얼마만큼 개선되었는지를 보여주기 위해 상 모델링 시 개선된 우선 확률을 사용한 결과를 단일 탄성파 속성을 이용하는 기존 방법의 결과와 비교하였다. 다중 탄성파 속성들의 복합적인 사용에서 밀도와 P파 속도를 조합해서 이용하는 것이 상구분을 향상시키는데 필수적이다. 또한 본 연구에서는 검층으로부터 얻은 공극률과 P파 속도, 사진찍은 것 같이 예측된 이암의 부피를 이용하여 sand matrix의 공극률이 정확하게 평가원 연구지역에서, 다른 상등 사이에서 P파 속도가 달라지게 하는 sand matrix의 공극률에 대해서도 논의하였다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2014

본 연구는 비가열 섭취 냉동 당근주스의 HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point)시스템 구축을 위하여 생물학적 위해요소분석을 위한 목적으로 2013년 6월 21일~2014년 3월 30일까지 약 270일간 제주도 제주시 구좌읍 소재에 있는 구좌농협에서 수행하였다. 일반적인 과채주스 제조업체의 제조공정을 참고로 하여 공정도를 작성하였으며, 원료 농산물(당근), 용수와 포장재료 입고, 보관, 세척, 분쇄, 착즙, 냉각, 내포장, 금속검출, 외포장, 보관 및 출하공정에 대하여 Fig. 1과 같이 작성하였다. 원료 당근의 세척 전, 세척 후의 Coliform group, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Bacillus cereus, Listeria Monocytogenes, 장출혈성대장균수를 측정한 결과 Bacillus cereus 는 세척 전 $4.70{\times}10^4CFU/g$이었으나, 세척 후 $1.02{\times}10^2CFU/g$ 검출되었으며, 나머지 병원성균은 검출되지 않았다. 자외선살균공정에서 당근주스의 유속를 변화시키면서 미생물의 변화를 시험한 결과 유속 4 L/min을 한계기준으로 결정하였다. 작업장별 공중낙하균(일반세균수, 대장균, 진균수) 시험결과 세척실의 미생물수는 20 CFU/Plate가 검출되었다. 작업자 손 세척 전후 시험결과 세척 전 일반세균수가 $6{\times}10^4CFU/cm^2$로 높게 나타났으나 손 세척 후에는 검출되지 않아 손 세척 및 소독에 대한 중요성을 교육하고 훈련해야 할 것이다. 제조설비 및 기구의 표면오염도를 검사한 결과 모든 시료에서 대장균군은 검출되지 않았고, 일반세균은 포장기 노즐에서 가장 많은 $8.5{\times}10^4CFU/cm^2$ 검출되었다. 위해분석 결과 병원성미생물을 예방, 감소 또는 제거할 수 있는 자외선살균 공정이 CCP-B (Biological)로 관리되어야 하고, 한계기준은 유속 4 L/min로 결정하였다. 따라서 Kwon의 유산균을 함유한 녹즙의 HACCP에 관한 연구에서와 같이 자외선살균 공정의 한계기준 및 이탈시 조치방법, 검증방법, 교육 훈련과 기록관리 등 철저한 HACCP 관리계획이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.198-218
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• 2002

On the basis of Imjeungjinamuian(臨證指南醫案), authors investigated the pathogenesis and treatment of ophthalmotolaryngobgic diseases from the viewpoint of Onbyeong(溫病). 1. The symptoms and diseases investigated according to department were as follows;. 1) Ophthalmology : blepharitis, blepharedema, lacrimal hypersecretion, hyperemia, ophthalmalgla, photopsia, visual disturbance, mydriasis 2) Otology : full-feeling, otorrhea, otalgla, mastoiditis, tinnitus, hearing disturbance, vertigo 3) Rhinology : rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, sinusitis, epistaxis 4) Laryngology : sore throat, hoarseness 5) The Others : headache, cough, asthma 2. The pathogenesis and treatment of ophthalmotolaryngologic diseases were as follows. 1) When the pathogenesis of hyperemia, otorrhea, otalgia, mastoiditis, hearing disturhance. epistaxis, sore throat, headache and cough are wind-stagnanc(風鬱), wind-warm(風溫), wind-fire(風火), wind-dryness(風燥), dryness-heat(燥熱), the treatment of pungent-cool-evaporating(辛凉解表) with Dajosan(茶調散), Mori Folium(桑葉), Lonicerae Flos(金銀花), Forsythiae Fructus(連翹), Viticis Fructus(蔓荊子), Prunellae Spica(夏枯草), Arctii Fructus(牛蒡子), etc can be applied. 2) When the pathogenesis of hoarseness, cough and asthma are cold(寒), cold with endogenous heat(寒包熱, 外冷內熱), water retention(水邪), fluid retention(伏飮), impairment of YangKi by overexertion(勞傷陽氣), the treatment of pungent-warm-evaporating(辛溫解表) with Mahaenggamseoktang(麻杏甘石湯), Socheongryongtang(小靑龍湯), Jeongryeokdaejosapyetang(정력대조사폐탕), Gyejitang(桂枝湯), Armeniacae Amarum Semen(杏仁), etc can be applied. 3) When the pathogenesis of photopsia, otorrhea, otalgia, rhinorrhea, sinusitis, epistaxis, sore throat, hoarseness, headache and cough are stagnancy-induced heat(鬱熱), wind-dryness(風燥), wind-heat(風熱), summer heat(暑熱), summer wind(暑風), insidious summer heat(伏暑), autumn heat(秋暑), autumn wind(秋風), autumn dryness(秋燥), dryness-heat(燥熱), heat in Ki system(氣分熱), insidious warm(溫伏), brain discharge by fire in Ki system(氣火 腦熱), heat in stomach(胃熱), endogenous fire by deficiency of Yin(陰虛內火), deficiency of Yin in stomach(胃陰虛), the treatment of Ki-cooling(淸氣) with Bangpungtongseongsan(防風通聖散), Ikweonsan(益元散), Gyejibaekhotang(桂枝白虎湯), Geumgwemaekmundongtang(금궤맥문동탕), Gyeongokgo(瓊玉膏), Sojae Semen Praeparatum(두시), Scutellariae Radix(黃芩), Phyllostachys Folium(竹葉), Adenophorae Radix(沙參), Mori Cortex(桑白皮), Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus(貝母), etc can be applied. 4) When the pathogenesis of blepharitis, hyperemia, ophthalmalgia, full-feeling, otorrhea, otalgia, tinnitus, hearing disturbance, sinusitis, hoarseness, headache and cough are fire in liver(肝火), fire in gallbladder(膽火), ministerial fire in Soyang system(少陽相火), wind-stagnancy(風鬱), stagnancy-induced fire(鬱火), brain discharge by phlegm-fire(痰火 腦熱), the treatment of mediation(和解) with Gardeniae Fructus(梔子), Moutan Cortex(牧丹皮), Saigae Tataricae Cornu(羚羊角), Artemisiae Annuae Herba(靑蒿), Cyperi Rhizoma(香附子), Poria(적복령), etc can be applied. 5) When the pathogenesis of blepharedema and cough are dampness in both spleen and lung(脾肺濕) damp-heat(濕熱), damp-phlegm(濕痰), the treatment of dampness-resolving(化濕) with Poria(백복령), Coicis Semen(薏苡仁), Tetrapanacis Medulla(通草), Armeniacae Amarum Semen(杏仁), Talcum(滑石), etc can be applied. 6) When the pathogenesis of vertigo and cough are deficiency of Yong(營虛), heat in Yong, system(營熱), the treatment of Yong-cooling(淸營) with Rehmanniae Radix(生地黃), Liriopis Tuber(麥門冬), Biotae Semen(柏子仁), Lilii Bulbus(百合), Phyllostachys Folium(竹葉), etc can be applied. 7) When the pathogenesis of epistaxis are heat in blood system of heart(心血熱), reversed flow of fire(火上逆), overexertion(努力), the treatment of blood-cooling(凉血) with Rhinoceri Cornu(犀角), Rehmanniae Radix(生地黃), Moutan Cortex(牧丹皮), Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix(丹參), Scrophulariae Radix(玄蔘), etc can be applied. 8) When the pathogenesis of nasal obstruction is pathogen-stagnancy(邪鬱), the treatment of resuscitation(開竅) with Sosang(少商, LU11) acupuncture can be applied. When the pathogenesis of hoarseness is evil Ki(穢濁), the treatment of resuscitation(開竅) with Arctii Fructus(牛蒡子), Lasiosphaera Seu Calvatia(馬勃), Curcumae Radix(鬱金), etc can be applied. When the pathogenesis of headache is stasis of both Ki and blood(氣血瘀痺), the treatment of resuscitation(開竅) with Cnidii Rhizoma(川芎), Asari Herba Cum Radice(細辛), Scorpio(全蝎), moxibustion(灸), etc can be applied. 9) When the pathogenesis of lacrimal hypersecretion, visual disturbance, mydriasis, tinnitus, hearing disturbance, sinusitis, epistaxis, hoarseness and cough are deficiency of Yin(陰虛), deficiency of kidney(腎虛), deficiency of both liver and kidney(肝腎虛), deficiency of both heart and kidney(心腎虛), brain discharge by deficiency of Yin(陰虛 腦熱), exuberance of Yang in liver(肝陽上亢), overexertion(勞損), the treatment of Yin-replenishing(滋陰) with Yukmijihwanghwan(六味地黃丸), Hojamhwan(虎潛丸), Jeobutang(猪膚湯), Lycii Fructus(枸杞子), Polygoni Multiflori Radix(何首烏), Rehmanniae Radix(生地黃), Schizandrae Fructus(五味子), Liriopis Tuber(麥門冬), Asini Gelatinum(阿膠), etc can be applied. 10) When the pathogenesis of ophthalmalgia, mydriasis, vertigo and headache are deficiency of Yin in liver(肝陰虛), exuberance of Yang in liver(肝陽上亢), endogenous wind(內風), excess in upper and deficiency in lower part(上實下虛), the treatment of Yin-replenishing(滋陰) and endogenous wind-calming(熄風) with Rehmanniae Radix Preparat(熟地黃), Lycii Fructus(枸杞子), Polygoni Multiflori Radix(何首烏), Paeoniae Radix Alba(白芍藥), Ostreae Concha(牡蠣), Saigae Tataricae Cornu(羚羊角), Chrysanthemi Flos(菊花), etc be applied. 11) When the pathogenesis of mydriasis, sinusitis, hoarseness, headache, cough and asthma are exhaustion of vital essence(精氣無收藏), brain discharge(腦髓不固), floating Yang(陽虛浮), exsanguination(失血), deficiency of both Yin and Yang(陰陽不足), overexertion(勞損), deficiency of Yang in kidney(腎陽虛), the treatment of Yang-restoring and exhaustion-arresting(回陽固脫) with Yangyeongtang(養營湯), Cheonjinhwan(天眞丸), Bokmaektang(복맥탕), Geonjungtang(建中湯), Dogihwan(都氣丸), Singihwan(腎氣丸), Jinmutang(眞武湯), Ostreae Concha(牡蠣), Nelumbinis Semen(蓮子肉), etc can be applied. 12) When the pathogenesis of lacrimal hypersecretion, vertigo and headache are deficiency of stomach and endogenous wind(胃虛內風), endogenous wind with phlegm(內風挾痰), liver check of stomach(肝木橫擾), the treatment of concomitant-treating of both liver and stomach(肝胃同治) with Paeoniae Radix Alba(白芍藥), Uncariae Ramulus Et Uncus(釣鉤藤), Gastrodiae Rhizoma(天麻), Astragali Radix(황기), Pinelliae Rhizoma(半夏), etc can be applied. When the pathogenesis of asthma is failure of kidney to promote inspiration(腎不納氣), the treatment of kidney-tonifing and inspiration-promoting(補腎納氣) with Singihwan(腎氣丸), Psoraleae Fructus(補骨脂), Juglandis Semen(胡桃), Aquilariae Resinatum Lignum(沈香), etc can be applied. When the pathogenesis of asthma is deficiency of Ki(氣虛), the treatment of Ki-reinforcing(補氣) with Sagunjatang(四君子湯), Insamgeonjungtang(人參建中湯), etc can be applied.