• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.174-185
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• 2010

Full-length cDNAs are essential for the correct annotation of genomic sequences and for the functional analysis of genes and their products. To elucidate the functions of a large population of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) genes and to search efficiently for agriculturally useful genes, we have been taking advantage of the full-length cDNA Over-eXpresser (FOX) gene hunting system. With oligo dT column it purify the each mRNA from the flower organs, leaf and stem tissue. And about 120,000 cDNAs from the library were transformed into $\lambda$-pFLCIII-F vector. Of which 115,000 cDNAs from the library were transformed into T-DNA binary vector, pBigs for transformation study. We used normalized full-length cDNA and introduced each cDNA into Arabidopsis by in planta transformation. Full-length Chinese cabbage cDNAs were expressed independently under the CaMV 35S promoter in Arabidopsis. Selfed seeds were harvested from transgenic Arabidopsis. We had selected 2,500 transgenic plants by hygromycin antibiotic tolerant test, and obtained a number of transgenic mutants. Each transgenic Arabidopsis was investigated in morphological changes, fertility and leaf colour. As a result, 285 possible morphological mutants were identified. Introduced cDNA was isolated by PCR amplification of the genomic DNA from the transgenic mutants. Sequencing result and BLAST analysis showed that most of the introduced cDNA were complete cDNAs and functional genes. Also, we examined the effect of Bromelain on enhancing resistance to soft rot in transgenic Chinese cabbage 'Osome'. The bromelain gene identified from FOX hunting system was transformed into Chinese cabbage using Agrobacterium methods. Transformants were screened by PCR, then RT-PCR and real time PCR were performed to analyze gene expression of cysteine protease in the T1 and T2 generations. The anti-bacterial activity of bromelain was tested in Chinese cabbages infected with soft rot bacteria. The results showed that the over-expressed bromelain gene from pineapple conferred enhanced resistance to soft rot in Chinese cabbage.

• Journal of Ginseng Culture
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• v.6
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• pp.51-79
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• 2024

In the 1970s and 1980s, during the nascent phase of ginseng disease research, efforts concentrated on isolating and identifying pathogens. Subsequently, their physiological ecology and pathogenesis characteristics were scrutinized. This led to the establishment of a comprehensive control approach for safeguarding major aerial part diseases like Alternaria blight, anthracnose, and Phytophthora blight, along with underground part diseases such as Rhizoctonia seedling damping-off, Pythium seedling damping-off, and Sclerotinia white rot. In the 1980s, the sunshade was changed from traditional rice straw to polyethylene (PE) net. From 1987 to 1989, focused research aimed at enhancing disease control methods. Notably, the introduction of a four-layer woven P.E. light-shading net minimized rainwater leakage, curbing Alternaria blight occurrence. Since 1990, identification of the bacterial soft stem rot pathogen facilitated the establishment of a flower stem removal method to mitigate outbreaks. Concurrently, efforts were directed towards identifying root rot pathogens causing continuous crop failure, employing soil fumigation and filling methods for sustainable crop land use. In 2000, adapting to rapid climate changes became imperative, prompting modifications and supplements to control methods. New approaches were devised, including a crop protection agent method for Alternaria stem blight triggered by excessive rainfall during sprouting and a control method for gray mold disease. A comprehensive plan to enhance control methods for Rhizoctonia seedling damping-off and Rhizoctonia damping-off was also devised. Over the past 50 years, the initial emphasis was on understanding the causes and control of ginseng diseases, followed by refining established control methods. Drawing on these findings, future ginseng cultivation and disease control methods should be innovatively developed to proactively address evolving factors such as climate fluctuations, diminishing cultivation areas, escalating labor costs, and heightened consumer safety awareness.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.579-586
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• 2010

This study was carried out to evaluate the antifungal and antioxidative activities of ethanol extracts from Magnoliaceae to investigate the possibility for the natural fungicides and food preservatives. The antifungal activities of ethanol extracts were evaluated as a hyphal growth inhibition rate using four plant pathogenic and five wood rot fungi. The high inhibition activity on the growth of fungi was shown in bark of Magnolia obovata that indicated more than 50% hyphal growth inhibition rate except Trametes versicolor, one of the white rot fungi. The antifungal activity was the highest in the ethanol extracts from M. obovata and the following was in order of M. kobus and M. sieboldii. The extract from bark in M. obovata showed higher antifungal activity than that from wood in the same species. Especially, the extracts from flower of M. denudata and M. liliflora indicated the high antifungal activities, while the other portions of same plants showed the low activities. On the other hand, a free radical scavenging method was adopted with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrohydrazyl (DPPH) in order to test the antioxidative activities of ethanol extracts. The free radical scavenging activity was very high in the extracts from branch of Schizandra nigra and Kadsura japonica that showed more than 90% at the concentration of 100 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$. It also turned out that the antioxidative activity of branch of S. nigra and K. japonica was similar to ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and butylated hydroxytoluene, one of the effective synthetic antioxidants. From these results, it can be suggested that the branches of S. nigra and K. japonica have the positive antioxidative activities and can be applied for the food preservatives and cosmetic ingredient.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.66-70
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• 2001

'Mansoo' is a late-season pear cultivar with extra large and high quality fruit of long storability, which was released by National Horticultural Research Institute in 1995. The cultivar originated from the cross between 'Danbae' and 'Okusankichi' at Suwon in 1978, had been under regional adaptability test at nine areas in the name of 'Wonkyo Na-15' for 4 years since 1992. It was vigorous in tree growth and upright in tree shape. Its flower bud is easily maintained, resulting in higher productivity than 'Danbae' and 'Okusankichi'. It bloomed a day later than 'Niitaka', and showed cross-compatibility with 'Niitaka', 'Chojuro' and some other varieties. Harvesting time of 'Mansoo' is late October in Suwon. The fruit shape is oblate and skin color is light yellowish brown. The fruit weighed 600-700 g and has 12-13% soluble solids content. The flesh is soft, juicy, and has negligible grit. It is resistant to black leaf rot (Alternaria kikuchiana Tanaka).

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.245-251
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• 2022

BACKGROUND: Selection an suitable light source is essential in the year-round production of horticultural crops in closed production systems such as plant factory with controlled environments. This study was investigated to confirm the effects of artificial light sources on growth of cherry tomato'CF Jelly'(Lycopersicon esculentum var.) under high-pressure sodium lamps (HPS), metal-halide lamps (MH), and LEDs. METHODS AND RESULTS: Light intensity of the light sources was controlled at 220±30 µmol/m²/s with 12 hrs of photoperiod for a day. Flower development was significantly faster in HPS and MH treatments compared to the LEDs. There was no significant difference between the leaf number and leaf shape under the HPS and MH treatments. Reproductive growth of cherry tomato was significantly promoted by the LEDs treatment of blue plus red lights. Fruit yield per plant also increased under the LEDs compared to the others. CONCLUSION(S): Growth, flowering, and fruit setting of the cherry tomato were accomplished by the artificial lights under plant factory conditions. The HPS treatment showed negative effect on fruit quality in terms of blossom-end rot incidence compared to the LEDs or MH treatment. Effect of the LEDs on promotion of fruit weight and yield was also proved. Additional research should be carried out for improving sugar metabolism or decreasing disease in the fruits under plant factory system using only artificial lights.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.172-176
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• 2011

'Suan' is a new $F_1$ hybrid variety of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) with early maturing and high oleic acid. This hybrid variety was bred by the cross between Mokpo-CGMS (male sterile line) and 8516-B-5-6-5-3 (restore line) for the production of bio-diesel and edible oil in 2006. 'Suan' has green and parted leaf, yellowish flower, and black seed coat. 'Suan' is more tolerant to lodging and stem rot compared to 'Sunmang', check variety. The ripening date of 'Suan' is June 2nd which is 6 days earlier than 'Sunmang'. Yield trials were conducted from 2006 to 2007 and regional adaptation trials were examined at five locations each in 2008 and 2009. The average seed yield of regional adaptation trials was 381 kg/10a that was 4% higher than that of 'Sunmang'. Total oil content of 'Suan' was 44.3%. Oleic acid content was 68.3%, which is 5.2% higher than 'Sunmang' but, erucic acid was not detected. Total glucosinolate content was 2.31 mg/g. Therefore, this variety is recommended as a leading variety at southwestern area including Jeonnam, Jeonbuk and Kyongnam provinces of South Korea.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.158-162
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• 2009

"Wonkwang" is a new sprout-soybean cultivar developed from the cross between Danyeobkong and MS91001 at the Honam Agricultural Research Institute (HARI) and National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA, in 2007. The preliminary, advanced and regional yield trials to evaluate the performance of Iksan 56 were carried out from 2003 to 2007. This cultivar has a determinate growth habit, purple flower, grayish brown pubescence, yellow seed coat, Grayish brown hilum, lanceolate leaflet shape and small seed size (10.9 g/100 seeds). The maturity date of "Wonkwang" is three days later than the check variety, "Pungsan". It has a good seed quality for soybean-sprout and resistance to lodging. The soybean-sprouts grown from "Wonkwang" have high isoflavone ($3,481{\mu}g/g$)contents. This cultivar has resistance to soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and necrotic symptom (SMV-N) and other most troublesome soybean diseases which are bacterial pustule and black root rot. The grain yield of "Wonkwang"in the regional yield trials (RYT) for 3 consecutive years was averaged 3.05 ton per hectare, which was 8% higher than that of the check cultivar "Pungsan".

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.497-503
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• 2018

A strawberry variety 'Arihyang' was derived as an artificial cross between 'Tochiotome' and 'Seolhyang' in 2014. The seedling and line selections were conducted from 2014 to 2015. Preliminary and advanced yield trials of '14-5-5,' which was the final selected line, were conducted from 2015 to 2017. 'Arihyang' is suitable for forced cultivation and has strong plant vigor, uniformly large-sized fruit, and a high yield compared to those of the check variety, 'Seolhyang' and 'Maehyang.' Especially, vitamin C was at a significant level, which was approximately 15% higher than that of 'Seolhyang.' The average number of flowers per first flower cluster was 10.5, which could reduce the labor of thinning fruit. Its fruit has a conical shape, dark red color, and glossy skin. The fruit was of good quality but has recommendations for harvest at the fully ripened stage. 'Arihyang' has intermediate resistant to phytophthora crown rot, but is susceptible to powdery mildew, gray mold, anthracnose, and fusarium wilt. It is reguired to manage major diseases and pests using optimum cultivation techniques and chemical control.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 2021

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the final irrigation timing (FIT) before packaging for long-term transportation on growth, flowering, and crop quality of Phalaenopsis after simulated dark shipping (SDS). Phalaenopsis Sogo Yukidian 'V3' plants grown in 11 cm-diameter plastic pots filled with potting media (sphagnum moss + bark or only sphagnum moss) were packaged in paper boxes for export at 3.5, 7, 10 days (FIT 3.5, 7,10; Experiment 1) and 4, 6, 8, 10 days (FIT 4, 6, 8, 10; Experiment 2) after the final irrigation and then stored in a growth chamber at 20 ± 1℃ and 70 ± 3% RH created for SDS. After 4 weeks, the plants were taken out and grown in a greenhouse at 23 ± 3℃ and 70 ± 5% RH, and crop characteristics were measured during cultivation. In Experiment 1, the survival rate of FIT 3.5 plants was lower than that of FIT 7 and FIT 10. There was no difference between treatments in days to first flower, the number of florets, and the elongation rate of flower stalks. In Experiment 2, the percentage of rotted leaves was lowest in FIT 6 when before forcing and at 12 weeks after forcing, and that of FIT 8 was similar to FIT 6 when before forcing, but slightly increased after 12 weeks. The percentage of rotted leaves of FIT 10 was highest and that of FIT 4 was also high. There was little difference in flowering characteristics among treatments. In conclusion, the FIT before packaging for long-term (4 weeks) transportation of potted Phalaenopsis 'V3' affected the leaf rot rather than the post-shipping growth and flowering. And it was considered appropriate to set the volumetric water content of the potting media just before packaging to about 30%.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.250-255
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• 2012

The effect of different source silicon ($CaSiO_3$, $K_2SiO_3$, and $NaSiO_3$) and their application methods (foliar application and subirrigation) on the growth of potted kalanchoe was investigated. Rooted terminal cuttings of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana 'Peperu' were transplanted into 10.5 cm plastic pots containing a commercial growing medium. Then, a nutrient solution, containing 0 or $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ Si as $K_2SiO_3$, $Na_2SiO_3$, or $CaSiO_3$ and adjusted to EC 1.4-$1.6mS{\cdot}cm^{-1}$ and pH 6.0, was supplied through subirrigation along with the nutrient solution or by a foliar application. Plants were grown in a glasshouse under a mean temperature of $23^{\circ}C$ and RH of 70-80%. After 12 weeks of cultivation, plant growth characteristics and leaf tissue contents of P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, S, and Si were measured. Both subirrigational supply and foliar application of Si decreased the plant height and flower stem length. However, the plant condition in the foliar application resulted in disease-like soft rot on the leaf. Among three silicon sources tested, $CaSiO_3$ supplied through a subirrigation system increased shoot tissue contents of Si and chlorophyll as compared to the $Na_2SiO_3$ or $K_2SiO_3$ treatment. Shoot tissue contents of Ca, K, and Na increased when the plant was supplied with $CaSiO_3$, $K_2SiO_3$, and $Na_2SiO_3$, respectively. Subirrigational supply of $K_2SiO_3$ and $NaSiO_3$ decreased the shoot tissue contents of Ca and Mg, and K and Ca, respectively. Therefore, $CaSiO_3$ supplied through a subirrigation system could improve plant quality of kalanchoe 'Peperu' making compact potted plants.