• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.313-318
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• 2004

Internal fruit rot of cucumber was observed in several locations in Korea. Incidence of the disease reached up to 21.5% and averaged 4.2% in the fields surveyed. The disease started at blossom ends of cucumber fruits. Internal tissues of infected fruit tips showed brown discoloration over 2 cm in length and 2 mm in diameter. Subsequently, the brown discoloration was extended into the carpels, and the surface of the infected fruit tips was rugged. Fungal isolates from the internal tissues of diseased fruits were identified as Didymella bryoniae based on mycological characteristics. Temperature for mycelial growth of isolates ranged $5{\sim}32^{\circ}C$ with optimal temperature between $26{\sim}28^{\circ}C$. Similar symptoms were developed in the internal part of the cucumber fruit when conidial suspensions of the isolates were inoculated to the flower of cucumber. Furthermore, Didymella bryoniae isolates from other plant parts of cucumber, watermelon, oriental melon, melon and pumpkin also showed the similar symptoms in the internal part of cucumber fruits by inoculation tests. Temperature range for occurrence of internal fruit rot of cucumber was $10{\sim}32^{\circ}C$ with optimal temperature of $25{\sim}28^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.151-158
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• 1997

Tomato (lycopersicon esculentum Mill.‘Sunroad’) seedlings grafted onto the four different rootstocks, ‘Anchor-T’, ‘Kagemushia’, ‘Joint’ and ‘Vulcan’, and fed with different amount of nitrogen were investigated for their susceptibility to the root rot Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp. lycopersici Snyder et Hansen, race J$_3$) disease, plant growth, and fruit quality. The flowering of the first flower cluster was promoted in grafted plants (GP) as compared to non-grafted (NG) ones. The plant height was increased by the grafting, and the growth and stem diameter were enhanced with increased nitrogen levels. Grafted plants were little affected by the Fusarium wilt disease except ‘Anchor-T’rootstock (64.7％ infection). The rate of malformed, underdeveloped, and gray-mold infected fruits were reduced in the grafted plants regardless of the rootstocks. Soluble solid content, sugars, ascorbic acids and organic acids did not show any difference between grafted and non grafted plants, but ascorbic acid tends to be reduced in the high nitrogen treatment. Content of N, Ca and Mg in leaves were greatly increased in the GP grown with high nitrogen level (30kg.㏊$^{-1}$ ).

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.190-197
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• 1997

This study was conducted to determine the optimum hydroponic system and nutrient solution for promoting the growth and flowering of hydroponically grown carnation. DFT (deep flow technique) and NFT (nutrient film technique) systems were employed and four kinds of nutrient solution, which are Cooper solution, Yamasaki solution, balanced nutrient solution by Japanese Horticultural Experiment Station and PTG solution in the Netherlands were used and compared. pH was lowest in the PTG solution compared to the other nutrient solutions used. Plant height was highest in the DFT system in the plot of PTG solution as of 53.0 cm at 88 days after transplanting, while lowest in NFT system with Cooper solution. Stem diameter was more thickened in NFT system with PTG solution as of 7.2 mm at 88 days after transplanting. Days to flowering was shortened to 122.3 days in NFT system when PTG solution was used. This results suggested a combination of NFT system with PTG solution as optimum hydroponic system and nutrient solution for cut carnation production. Further trials as to the management of nutrient solution by glowing stages should be followed.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.781-786
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• 2014

Growth and physiological disorders caused by abnormally low temperatures were evaluated in pepper, an important field crop in Korea. In addition, the effects of chemical treatment using glutamine was verified on minimizing the damages by low temperature. The growth of pepper plants in stem length and diameter was suppressed as the temperature decreased from $25^{\circ}C$, and the suppression level was the highest for plants grown for 90 days at $20^{\circ}C$. However, root growth was not affected by the different temperatures. The number of leaf and leaf area decreased at the temperatures below $25^{\circ}C$, an optimum temperature for growth. Fresh weight and dry weight decreased for plants grown at $20^{\circ}C$. Pepper fruit yield also decreased by 11% at $20^{\circ}C$ in comparison to $25^{\circ}C$. Falling blossom rate was different depending on the growth temperature, and the rate was 27.2% at $25^{\circ}C$, 35.2% at $22.5^{\circ}C$, and 41.0% at $20^{\circ}C$, indicating that falling blossom rate increased as temperature decreased. Different growth temperatures did not affected on the level of symptom of calcium deficiency and Phytopathora blight. Falling blossom was severe at abnormally low temperature of $20^{\circ}C$, but the treatment of glutamine reduced falling blossom rate and increased the yield by 7.0% as compared to control. The optimum concentration of glutamine treatment was 10 mg/L for yields.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.91-101
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• 1998

Two large communities of Vicex rotundifolia were discovered for the first time at the beach of Pyonsanbando National Park. The growth environment and morphological characters of the communities were examined and analyzed to provide some basal data which would be helpful to establish measures for protection and to utilize the communities rationally. The results are as follows; The habitats of Vitex rotundifolia are located at Chakeundang beach of Kyokpo-ri and Kosapo beach of Woonsan-ni, Pyonsan-myon in Pyonsanbando National Park. The total area of this two communities was measured to be 2,755m$^{2}$ and 523m$^{2}$ of it was damaged. Two varieties, 49 species, 43 genera and 28 families as trees and shrubs were collected from inside of and the vicinal areas of the communities. Koelreuteria paniculata and Rosa rugosa were discovered and collected in these areas for the first time to be documented with the communities of Vitex rotundifolia. The largest individual of Vitex rotundifolia within the polulations reaches or 3.5cm in diameter at root collar and 6m in length of the runner on aboveground. The individuals of Vitex rotundifolia within the communities show good growth condition which the mean leaf length was measured to be 4.5cm, the mean leaf width 3.3cm, the mean leaf area 11.8cm$^{2}$ and the mean flower length 10.0cm. Vitex rotundifolia has been mostly recorded to be an evergreen shrub. But the present study discovered that it is rather deciduous.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 1980

To clarify the influence of ethylene on flowering and senescence of carnation flowers and the treatment of the floral preservative solution for reducing their ethylene production, bud-cut carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L. cv. Coral) were sprayed with/without 500 ppm ethephon [(2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid] and then held in distilled water or preservative solution (5% sucrose+50 ppm $AgNO_3$+300 ppm 8-hydroxyquinoline). 1. Ethylene inhibited to bloom carnation flowers because of causing sleepiness. 2. Carnation flowers were led to senescence after a lot of ethylene was produced by them. Therefore, ethylene seems to act as a trigger of senescence in carnation flowers. 3. The features of senescence in carnation flowers were different in accordance with the amount of ethylene produced by the flowers. 4. Exposure to ethylene decreased fresh weight, flower diameter, and water uptake of carnations. 5. The floral preservative extended vase life markedly by inhibiting ethylene production of cut flowers. The flowers exposed to lots of ethylene, however, were not restored even though they were held in the preservative solution.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.130-134
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• 2010

To investigate effects of deep tillage before planting on physicochemical properties of soil, growth and fruit characteristics in cultivation of watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris L. cv. 'Uriggul') under plastic film house, this study was conducted in cultivating field of Gochang Junbuk. pH in soil after harvest compared with soil before planting of watermelon had almost no change, but EC lowed greatly in the two treatments. Available phosphate concentration in the soil with the deep tillage treatment was lower, K concentration of exchangeable cation decreased greatly than these with conventional tillage treatment. In the growth at 27th day after planting plant, stem length to 10th node from the first node, leaf width with deep tillage treatment were longer, bearing node of the first and second flower and wilting degree were lower than these with conventional tillage treatment. In the growth of harvesting time, the stem length to 30th node from the first node with the deep tillage treatment were longer, leaf discoloration degree was lower than these with conventional tillage treatment. Also, the harvested fruits length, diameter, peel hardness, and weight were significantly better than these with conventional tillage treatment.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.96-102
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• 1981

Effect of shifting planting-time and different nitrogen on the yield and characteristics of plant growth in safflower, Chrthamus Tinctorius L. This study was carried out to investigate the optimum sowing-date and the ecological variations due to differerent amount of nitrogen for safflower on the Experiment Farm of Sang Ji college from March 17 to may 16, 1980, sowing seeds with an interval of 10 days and the amount of nitrogen were applied in 5 levels (Non, half-standard, standard, one and half-ordinary amount-No and twice amount). The triple super phosphate and pottassium chloride were applied only in standard amount. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. As sowing-date was delayed, the germination-ratio decreased, germinating speed increased, and the time required to attain the most vigorous germinating stage and days required for germination shortened. 2. Plant height, number of branch and stem diameter showed a decrease as sowing-date was delayed. And at the same time, plant height and number of branch showed a tendency to increase as amount of nitrogen was increased. 3. As sowing-date was delayed, the number of pods and the weight of 1000-grains were decreased. Moreover, the earlier sowing-date was, the more it increased. And as amount of nitrogen was increased, number of pods and yield also were strikingly increased. 4. The fresh-weight of flower with orange and orange-red colour, as influenced by the different sowing-date, was found out to be largest at the begining of April. But increasing amount of nitrogen did not show influence upon the promotion of flowering. 5. Judging from the results reported above, the optimum sowing-date of safflower seemed to be the begining of April; also the culture of safflower seemed to be the effects of much amount of nitrogen.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.50-56
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• 2010

This experiment was carried out to examine the effect of a silicate fertilizer on the growth and development of potted plants. Cutting of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana 'Kaluna' and 'Taos', and Dianthus caryophyllus L. 'Kazan' and 'Tula' were grown in 50 and 128-cell plug trays, respectively. Rooted cuttings transplanted to the mixture of a commercial medium and perlite (5:1, v/v) supplemented with a silicate fertilizer at 0, 40, 80, 120 or $160g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ medium was evaluated. A silicate fertilizer supplementation at $40g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ medium resulted in the greatest plant height, leaf thickness, and root fresh and dry weights in both kalanchoe and carnation. However, plant height was suppressed in the treatment of a silicate fertilizer supplementation at higher concentrations in both kalanchoe and carnation. According to the scanning electron microscope images of transversal sections of tissues of roots and leaves in kalanchoe and carnation, the treatment of a silicate fertilizer supplementation at $40g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ medium resulted in plants with more compact tissue than the control.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.320-323
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• 2009

A new grafting cactus 'Yeomyeong' was developed by an interspecific crossing between Gymnocalycium marsoneri and G mihanovichii at the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration in 2005. In 2001, an interspecific crossing line '9922012' with orange color was selected from the cross of G. marsoneri ${\times}$ G. mihanovichii 'IG-112'. The line '9922012' as a female parent was crossed with G. mihanovichii 'IG-177', and the orange colored lines were obtained in 2002. The 'Wonkyo G1-159' was selected from the orange colored lines through three times of characteristic evaluation during 2003 to 2005. The 'Wonkyo G1-1 59' was named 'Yeomyeong' in the RDA in 2005. The color of both body and tubercle was orange. The shape of globe was flattened round and it had 7 to 9 ribs. The spine was erect, short sized and grayish brown color. Growth was faster, reaching 41.8-47.7 mm in diameter, than the comparison cultivar 'Hwangwol', at 10 months after planting. The number of tubercle was 6.9-12 per globe. 'Yeomyeong' was developed for export to the America and the Netherlands. Characteristics of the cultivar could be maintained by grafting on the Hylocereus trigomus.