• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.93-106
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to make clear the indoor environmental efficiency and spatial function of the front balcony in apartments using responses from residents'. An interview survey carried out during the 14/sup th/∼24/sup th/ of January 2003, and a questionnaire survey was given during the 17/sup th/∼29/sup th/of January. Interviewees consisted of 31 residents living in renovated apartments, which had the front balcony added onto the living room. The respondents of the questionnaire survey consisted of 37 residents living in ordinary apartments with an existing front balcony. The residents living in ordinary apartments show relatively positive responses on the indoor thermal environment during winter, glare by daylight, and outdoor noise. The average heating charges of the renovated apartments came out to be more expensive than the ordinary apartments. In most renovated apartments, the living area converted from front balcony was used as the same functions ('space for drying the laundry', 'storage space', or 'space for cultivating of flower pots') of ordinary front balcony. From the results of this study, it is undesirable to renovate the front balcony as an addition to the livingroom.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.698-705
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• 2014

This study classifies features of women's hair adornments with the functional and decorative aspects in the Three Kingdoms Period and analyses in regards to their contemporary social and cultural surroundings. First, the tree-shaped and Rod-like hairpins in the Three Kingdoms Period are not as similar as to the hairpins found in China or other northern countries. It is farming lives and the wood-worship religion established the wearing of high-bun hair styles and tree-shaped hairpins. Second, high-bun hair styles and -shaped hairpins were basic hair decorations during the Three Kingdoms Period. Common high-bun styles finally became one of the cultures that reflected the contemporary thinking. High-bun hair styles, not excessively-decorated, became harmonized with the costume beauty and later developed along with with various-shaped hairpins. Third, Buyao (made of metals and based on flower subjects)in the Three Kingdoms Period was a unique style not been seen in the Han and Wei-jin-nam-bei-chao Period. Flowers in Buyao of the of the Three Kingdoms Period show an elegant sway, which is not excessively-decorated that developed into unique features.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.120-126
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• 2015

In this study, we used various dyes from natural pigments such as tumeric, goldthread, indigo, pagoda tree flower, sappanwood, and safflower to make the Hanji wallpaper with super eight colors of yellow, orange, green, turquoise, violet, red, blue, and magenta. As a result of measuring the lightfastness, magenta dyed with sappanwood showed the worst effect, but blue dyed with only indigo showed the best effect. In terms of the spot test by water, red wallpaper dyed with safflower showed the clear spot, but blue, turquoise, and green dyed with indigo resulted in a little spot. The orange, violet, and magenta dyed with goldthread and sappanwood showed antibacterial activity, and the turquoise, green, and blue also has a little antibacterial activity. However, yellow and red didn't show the some result as expected. In the experiment for efficiency of formaldehyde removal, all Hanji wallpapers dyed with natural pigments showed the significant removal effect of formaldehyde, especially turquoise and red were the highest.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2012

Small park in the community is a public asset that is commonly used by the residents daily and performs an important role to activate the community. The purpose of this study is to draw a small park plan through community participation. In concrete, this study tries to find out the demand of the residents about their small park plan, observe the changes in their demand in the process of debate and analyze the effect of the residents' participation. Small group workshop method was adopted in the study and three groups were set up and surveys were made in two stages. Two dimensional pictogram cards and three dimensional digital park formation tools were used. The results of workshop study indicated as follows: Firstly, residents wanted to have community farming garden, green house and flower garden to grow plants, natural walls and safe resting facilities. Secondly, individual and diverse opinions presented at first could be converted to common opinions through mutual exchanges of opinions in the process of debates. Thirdly, digital park formation program functioned well as an effective visual tool to draw the attention and quick responses of the residents and to reach an agreement. It is expected that the results of this study show the effectiveness of residents' participation tools in the process of drawing agreements in the community society that requires the residents' demands and agreement and this study will be usefully utilized in planning community spaces with residents' participation hereafter.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.481-495
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• 2016

Lily, which is one of Korea's main flower exports, is one of the most important agricultural product in the country. Korean lily farmers have difficulty earning more profit from producing lilies, because of the high cost of lily bulbs. Most lily bulbs used in Korea are imported from the Netherlands. Thus, the Korean government has kept trying to supply more and better Korean lily bulbs. However, many experts have questioned the efficiency and economic value of the Korean lily production system. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the economic value of the production of lily bulbs in Korea. Especially, this study evaluates the economic value of the production systems of Korean lily bulbs and compares the results from several cases. The results of the present study presents some useful findings, as follows: first, two Korean production areas (Gangneung and Jeju) show a positive economic value but one Korean production area (Taean) presents problems causing a negative economic value. Second, the Korean production area in Vietnam currently has trouble in the view of economic value but will likely overcome that problem. Third, the production area in the Netherlands shows the best economic value. Thus, Korean lily bulb producers need to benchmark that system.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.124-132
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• 2015

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (purple cone flower) is an important medicinal plant; it can enhance immunity, relieve pain, and reduce inflammation, and also has hormonal, antiviral, and antioxidant effects. Adventitious root biomass of Echinacea purpurea was produced in commercial-scale bioreactors for use as a dietary supplement in the food industry and in traditional medicine. Biosafety and toxicological evaluations of tissue-cultured Echinacea purpurea adventitious roots (TCEPARs) were performed. Reverse mutation and chromosomal aberration tests showed no significant mutagenicity. Furthermore, repeated four-week oral dose tests performed in Sprague-Dawley rats did not show any notable changes in the general behavior of the rats, in the gross appearance of their internal organs, or in their mortality rate. There were no differences between the control group and the treatment group in parameters such as absolute body weight, hematology, blood chemistry, and absolute and relative organ weights. These findings indicate that TCEPARs are safe and nontoxic when consumed at an average dietary level and can be used as raw material for traditional medicine and the food industry.

• Psychiatry investigation
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.1181-1187
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• 2018

Objective In Korea, online board games, such as "flower cards," are played using virtual money. In contrast, Internet-based gambling (ibGambling) concerns the use of real money to gamble online. We hypothesized that online board gamers using virtual money show less risky behaviors than do gamblers who use real money, and that, in regard to psychological aspects, online board gamers are less depressed and more introverted than online gamblers are. Methods For this study, 100 online board gamers, 100 ibGamblers, 100 offline gamblers (offGamblers), and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited by an online research company. Gambling behavior and self-efficacy were assessed using the Korean Gambling Behavior Scale-high/low factors (KGBS-H/L) and the Gambling Abstinence Self-efficacy Scale (GASS). Additionally, introversion, depression, and mania tendency were assessed. Results Online board gamers had good intentions gaming, as evidenced by their higher KGBS-L scores than ibGamblers and offGamblers, and they showed less risky behaviors, as evidenced by their lower KGBS-H scores than offGamblers. Additionally, online board gamers were less introverted than ibGamblers and less depressed than offGamblers. Conclusion Online board gaming could be a gateway to the world of gambling (ibGambling or OffGambling). However, the higher tendency of online board gamers to engage in good intentioned gaming could help prevent online board gaming from progressing to online or offline gambling.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.237-251
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• 2021

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of the proposed hybrid teaching-learning based optimization algorithm on the optimum design of reinforced concrete (RC) cantilever retaining walls. For this purpose, three different design examples are optimized with 100 independent runs considering continuous and discrete variables. In order to determine the algorithm performance, the optimization results were compared with the outcomes of the nine powerful meta-heuristic algorithms applied to this problem, previously: the big bang-big crunch (BB-BC), the biogeography based optimization (BBO), the flower pollination (FPA), the grey wolf optimization (GWO), the harmony search (HS), the particle swarm optimization (PSO), the teaching-learning based optimization (TLBO), the jaya (JA), and Rao-3 algorithms. Moreover, Rao-1 and Rao-2 algorithms are applied to this design problem for the first time. The objective function is defined as minimizing the total material and labor costs including concrete, steel, and formwork per unit length of the cantilever retaining walls subjected to the requirements of the American Concrete Institute (ACI 318-05). Furthermore, the effects of peak ground acceleration value on minimum total cost is investigated using various stem height, surcharge loads, and backfill slope angle. Finally, the most robust results were obtained by HTLBO with 50 populations. Consequently the optimization results show that, depending on the increase in PGA value, the optimum cost of RC cantilever retaining walls increases smoothly with the stem height but increases rapidly with the surcharge loads and backfill slope angle.

• Acta Via Serica
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.39-64
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• 2022

Ancient Iranians highly esteemed the horse and horse tacks, one of which is the jul (saddlecloth). It is a felt, sheepskin, or woven pad placed between the horse's back and saddle. The aim of this paper is to identify and categorize jul designs in the Sāsānian period. The research questions are about the variety of jul designs and how to categorize them. This is fundamental research and the method is descriptive and analytical. Neither a jul nor a saddle-cover remains from the Sāsānian period, therefore the statistical population includes all available items, such as metal and stone items and parget and plasterworks, in which juls are recognizable. Due to the scarcity of such items, all the available samples were studied; so the sampling method is a total enumeration. This is documentary research by means of note-taking and using reliable websites; the data has been analyzed qualitatively. The results show that jul designs were not diverse in the Sāsānian period. All-over designs were dominant. In terms of pattern types, these designs are classified into five groups, each of which has its own formal and aesthetic characteristics: all-over design with a four-petal flower pattern, allover design with a checkered pattern, all-over design with a spotted pattern, allover design with a tiger stripe pattern, and all-over design with a zigzag pattern.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.192-198
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• 2012

최근 경상북도 농업기술원에서 새롭게 육성된 '싼타' 딸기의 수경재배에서 적절한 배양액 농도를 구명하고자 하였다. 2010년 9월 26일에 토양과 코코피트를 충진한 수경재배 벤치에 정식하고, 야마자키 조성 딸기배양액을 이용하여 처리별로 EC를 0.6, 0.8, 1.2 $1.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$로 급액하였다. 지상부 생육은 배양액 농도 차이에 따라 일부 차이를 나타내긴 하였지만 그 차이는 미미하여 큰 영향을 받지는 않는 것으로 생각되었다. 과장은 모든 화방에서 EC $0.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ 처리에서 가장 길었다. 제 2화방에서는 EC 0.8과 $1.2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ 처리가 0.6과 $1.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ 처리보다 과장이 길었다. 제 3화방은 EC 0.8과 $1.2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ 처리가 길었으며 그 다음으로 0.6이었고, $1.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$에서는 월등하게 낮았다. 제 4화방에서는 EC 0.6과 $1.2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ 처리 간에는 차이가 없고, 0.8이 현저하게 높고 $1.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$가 현저하게 낮았다. 과경은 EC $0.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$에서 가장 높은 수치를 나타내었고 제 2, 제 3화방에서는 0.8과 $1.2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ 처리 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. EC 0.6과 $1.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$에서는 전반적으로 낮은 수치를 나타내었다. 과실의 평균 과중은 화방 간에는 첫 번째 화방과 제 2화방이 무거웠으며 갈수록 과중이 감소하였는데, 각 화방별 과중은 정화방에서는 EC $0.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$에서 가장 컸고 EC $1.2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$에서 낮았다. 제 2와 제 3화방에서는 EC 0.8과 $1.2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$에서 약간 높았고 0.6과 $1.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$에서 약간 낮았다. 제 4화방에서는 EC 0.8에서 다른 처리구에 비해서 현저하게 높은 수치를 보였고, $1.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$에서 가장 낮았다. 과실 내의 가용성 고형물은 각 화방에 따라서 처리 간에 약간의 변화는 있었지만 전반적으로 낮은 농도의 EC 0.6과 $0.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ 처리에서 높고, 높은 농도의 $1.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ 처리에서 가장 낮은 경향을 나타내었다. 과실의 수량은 정화방에서는 배양액 농도 EC $0.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ 처리에서 주당 수량이 가장 많았는데, 1.2와 1.8의 높은 농도처리 보다 0.6과 $0.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ 처리에서 수량이 많은 경향이었다. 제 2화방에서는 EC 0.6에 비하여 $0.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ 처리가 월등하게 수량이 많았으나 다른 처리 간에는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 제 3화방에서는 EC 0.8과 $1.2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ 처리에서 수량이 많고, 0.6과 $1.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ 처리에서 월등하게 낮은 수량을 보였다. 제 4화방에서는 EC $0.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$에서 수량이 가장 많았으나 다른 처리 간에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 본 실험의 결과에서 딸기 '싼타'의 수경재배에서 배양액의 EC는 0.8과 $1.2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$가 적합할 것으로 생각되었다.