• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.130-133
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• 2007

Fuel cladding tubes in nuclear fuel assembly are held up by supporting grids because the tubes are long and slender. Fluid flows of high-pressure and high-temperature in the tubes cause oscillating motions between tubes and supports. This is called as FIV (flow induced vibration), which causes fretting wear in contact parts of tube and support. The fretting wear of tube and support can threaten the safety of nuclear power plant. Therefore, a research about the fretting wear characteristics of tube-support is required. The fretting wear tests were performed with supporting grids and cladding tubes, especially after corrosion treatment on tubes, in water. The tests were done using various applied loads with fixed amplitude. From the results of fretting tests, the wear amounts of tube materials can be predictable by obtaining the wear coefficient using the work rate model. Due to stick phenomena the wear depth was changed as increasing load and temperature. The maximum wear depth was decreased as increasing the water temperatures. At high temperatures there are the regions of some severe adhesion due to stick phenomena.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.129-132
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• 2008

Fuel cladding tubes in nuclear fuel assembly are held up by supporting grids because the tubes are long and slender. Fluid flows of high-pressure and high-temperature in the tubes cause oscillating motions between tubes and supports. This is called as FIV (flow induced vibration), which causes fretting wear in contact parts of tube and support. The fretting wear of tube and support can threaten the safety of nuclear power plant. Therefore, a research about the fretting wear characteristics of tube-support is required. The fretting wear tests were performed with supporting grids and cladding tubes, especially after corrosion treatment on tubes, in water. The tests were done using various applied loads with fixed amplitude. From the results of fretting tests, the wear amounts of tube materials can be predictable by obtaining the wear coefficient using the work rate model. Due to stick phenomena the wear depth was changed as increasing load and temperature. The maximum wear depth was decreased as increasing the water temperatures. At high temperatures there are the regions of some severe adhesion due to stick phenomena.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.127-142
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• 2016

Aerodynamic effects, such as drag force and flow-induced vibration (FIV), on civil engineering structures can be minimized by optimally modifying the structure shape. This work investigates the turbulent wake of a square prism with its faces modified into a sinusoidal wave along the spanwise direction using three-dimensional large eddy simulation (LES) and particle image velocimetry (PIV) techniques at Reynolds number $Re_{Dm}$ = 16,500-22,000, based on the nominal width ($D_m$) of the prism and free-stream velocity ($U_{\infty}$). Two arrangements are considered: (i) the top and bottom faces of the prism are shaped into the sinusoidal waves (termed as WSP-A), and (ii) the front and rear faces are modified into the sinusoidal waves (WSP-B). The sinusoidal waves have a wavelength of $6D_m$ and an amplitude of $0.15D_m$. It has been found that the wavy faces lead to more three-dimensional free shear layers in the near wake than the flat faces (smooth square prism). As a result, the roll-up of shear layers is postponed. Furthermore, the near-wake vortical structures exhibit dominant periodic variations along the spanwise direction; the minimum (i.e., saddle) and maximum (i.e., node) cross-sections of the modified prisms have narrow and wide wakes, respectively. The wake recirculation bubble of the modified prism is wider and longer, compared with its smooth counterpart, thus resulting in a significant drag reduction and fluctuating lift suppression (up to 8.7% and 78.2%, respectively, for the case of WSP-A). Multiple dominant frequencies of vortex shedding, which are distinct from that of the smooth prism, are detected in the near wake of the wavy prisms. The present study may shed light on the understanding of the underlying physical mechanisms of FIV control, in terms of passive modification of the bluff-body shape.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.253-261
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• 2020

In this paper, we present an experimental investigation of the frequency characteristics and a visual inspection of an oxidizer pump with a modified rear-floating ring seal for a 7-tonf turbopump. An oxidizer pump typically operates at high rotational speeds and under cryogenic conditions. Despite its low hydraulic efficiency, the floating ring seal is frequently employed as a leakage control solution for turbomachinery because it effectively reduces abrasion by friction. When the oxidizer pump starts up, the floating ring moves excursively but locks up stably against the pump casing when the contact pressure increases. The compressive force on the floating ring depends on the hydrodynamic forces induced by the flow through the floating ring. This force is controlled by the nose position of the floating ring. Based on a validation test for a 7-tonf turbopump with two types of floating rings, we concluded that the floating ring with a small diameter nose can move easily with a low contact pressure in the cooling path. This leads to instability of the pressure fluctuation around the floating ring. In contrast, a floating ring with a large diameter nose has a high contact pressure and attaches strongly to the casing, which causes wear and frictional oxidation between the contact surfaces of the impeller and the floating ring.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.10-15
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• 1997

수중 청음기는 진동하는 물체 위에 설치되어 다양한 외부 잡음 원이 유입되는 환경에 노출되어 있다. 외부 잡음 원으로는 수중 청음기가 설치된 구조물 자체의 진동, 프로펠러 잡음, 그리고 유동 유기 잡음들이 있고, 이들 외부 잡음원은 실제 강도가 상당히 높아서 센서의 정확한 작동에 장애가 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 외부 잡음에 무관한 고 정밀도, 저 잡음 특성을 갖는 수중 청음기를 개발하기 위하여 유한 요소법(FEM)을 사용하여 잡음 전달 특성의 분석 및 air pocket과 음향 감쇠층의 다양한 조합으로 이루어진 개선된 구조의 수중 청음기를 설계하고, 내 잡음성 평가를 하였다. 그 결과 센서 측면 하단부에 잡음 원이 위치할 경우 가장 큰 잡음 신호로 작용하므로 구조를 변경한 결과 기존 수중 청음기에 비해 59% 이상 내 잡음성을 증진 시켰다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.201-206
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• 2011

지지격자체는 경수로 핵연료집합체의 특성과 성능에 영향을 주는 가장 중요한 핵심 구조부품 중에 하나이다. 지지격자체 설계시의 우선적으로 고려해야할 사항은 핵연료가 원자로에 장전되어 있는 동안 내내 연료봉이 기계적인 원인에 의해 손상되지 않도록, 즉 연료봉의 기계적 지지건전성이 유지되도록 설계하는 것이다. 연료봉이 유동기인진동에 의해서 진동할 때 연료봉과 연료봉 지지부 사이에서 상대변위 발생을 완화해 줌으로서 연료봉의 프레팅 마모 손상 가능성이 감소될 수 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 이동 가능한 연료봉 지지부로 구성된 새로운 지지격자체 형상을 제안하였고, 제안된 이동 가능 지지부의 연료봉 지지특성을 유한요소해석을 통해 분석하였다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2021

As opposed to using fossil fuels, we need to use eco-friendly resources such as sunlight, raindrops and wind to produce electricity and combat environmental pollution. A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a device that converts mechanical energy into electricity by inducing repetitive contact and separation of two dissimilar materials. During the contact and separation processes, electron flow occurs owing to a change in electric potential of the contacting surface caused by contact electrification and electrostatic induction mechanisms. A solid-solid contact TENG is widely known, but it is possible to generate electricity via liquid-solid contact. Therefore, by designing a hydrophobic TENG, we can gather electricity from raindrop energy in a feasible manner. To fabricate the superhydrophobic surface of TENGs, we employ a dip coating technique to synthesize an octadecylamine (ODA)- and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based coating on polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The synthesized coating exhibits superhydrophobicity with a contact angle greater than 150° and generates a current of 2.2 ㎂/L while water droplets fall onto it continuously. Hence, we prepare a box-type TENG, with the ODA/PDMS coating deposited on the inside, and place a 1.5 mL water droplet into it. Resultantly, we confirm that the induced vibration causes continuous impacts between the ODA/PDMS coating and the water, generating approximately 100 pA for each impact.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.120-127
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 수문의 설치방향에 따른 최적의 설치방향을 규명하기 위하여, 모형 제작에 의한 수문 진동실험을 수행하고, 진동특성이 연구되어진다. 47.5m 원형게이트가 아크릴을 사용하여 1:31 축척으로 제작되고, 납으로 질량이 보완된다. 먼저 모형을 검증하기 위하여 모형의 고유진동수가 측정되고, 원형 수문의 유한요소 해석 값으로 부터 환산된 고유진동수와 비교된다. 모형은 1.6m 폭을 갖는 콘크리트 수로에서 정방향과 역방향 설치에 따른 각각의 실험이 이루어 졌다. 각 방향 실험에서는 수문 개방고와 상하류 수위에 따른 여러 조건에서 수직진동이 측정되어 졌다. 실험결과를 바탕으로 정뱡향과 역방향 설치에 대한 진동현상을 서로 비교 분석하였다. 정방향 모형은 수문이 많이 열렸을 때 하단부의 수평트러스 부재를 치는 뒤돌아 치는 와류에 의하여 진동이 크게 발생하였고, 작은 개방고에서 suction force에 의한 진동이 발생하였다. 그러나 역방향 모형에서는 이러한 현상이 발생하지 않는다. 마지막으로 95m 수문의 진동실험결과와 본 47.m의 실험결과를 같이 비교하여 평가하였다. 실험결과 여러 실험 조건에서 진동이 작게 측정되는 역방향 배치 모형이 더 합리적인 것으로 분석되었다.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.16-20
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• 2004

Purpose : To assess perceptual, acoustic and aerodynamic measure of voice quality in patients with unilateral vocal cord paralysis before and after type I thyroplasty. Methods : The clinical records of patients operated type I thyroplasty in the Departement of otorhinoalryngolgy, Yongdong Severance hospital from November 2001 to November 2003 were reviewed. All patients uderwent a vocal function evaluation including perceptual, acoustic and aerodynamic measures of voice preoperative and on $60^{th}$ postoperative day. The perceptual and acoustic measures were obtained from recording of patients' reading a 'Sanchak' passage. The perceptual evaluation was performed by 2 speech pathologist using a 4-point rating scale. Acoustic parameters(voice range profile low(RAL), voice range profile high(RAH), average fundamental frequency(AFX), closed quotient, harmonic to noise ratio, jitter and shimmer) were investigated by Lx speech studio. Mean flow rate(MFR), subglottic pressure(Psub) and intensity were measured using the Phonatory function analyzer. The maximum phonation time was also measured. The data were statistically analyzed. A paired t-test (p<0.1) was used to compare preoperative and postoperative results. And multiple regression test was used to find which parameter was most correlated to improvement of postoperative voice quality. Results : Among aerodynamic parameters, Psub $(88.11mmH_2O{\rightarrow}58.7mmH_2O)$, MPT(7.87sec${\rightarrow}$12.53sec), MFR (359.8ml/sec${\rightarrow}$161.06ml/sec) were statistically improved. AFx(205.5Hz${\rightarrow}$163.27Hz), AQx(23.9%${\rightarrow}$48.3%), RAL, RAH. Jotter and shimmer were improved. In multiple regression test, AFx and AQx was noted as the two meost correlated parameters to improvement of postoperative breathiness. But general grade of voice quality was more correlated to Psub and shimmer. Conclusion : Vocal fold medialization procedures effectively reduce glottic gap. Increasing of contact area of both vocal folds induced improvement in aerodynamic parameters and leaded stabilizing of vocal fold vibration. That effect results in improvement in acoustic parameters (shimmer, jitter, signal-to-noise ratio, voice range profile) and voice quality.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.1039-1049
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• 2015

대규모 다목적댐 지점의 유입량 산정은 수위-저수용량곡선에 댐 축에서 측정된 수위를 적용하여 시간당 저수량변화를 계산한 후 방류량을 감안하여 산정하고 있으나, 이 방법은 태풍 등 대규모 홍수 시에는 급격한 유입량 증가로 인한 배수위 및 강한 바람 등의 영향으로 저수지내의 수위가 균일하지 않아 유입량 산정 시 오차 원인이 되고 있다. 이 외에 기존 수위-저수용량 곡선 방법에 의한 유입량 계산 시 문제점인 댐건설 이후 유입 퇴사로 인한 저수용량의 변화, 댐 지점에서의 수위관측의 불균일성 등 다양한 불확실성이 존재하므로 이에 대한 오차 규명이 반드시 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 저수지 유입량 분석시 분포형 강우유출모형을 이용한 UBC-3P 기법을 적용하여 모형의 모의능력을 평가하였다. 최종적으로 기존 유역내 유입량 관측치와 비교한 결과 Peak유량과 Total유량에서 결정계수가 0.82~0.99 사이값을 나타내므로 댐 지점에서의 모형의 적합성을 확인하였다.