• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제57권5호
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• pp.735-742
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• 2019

이온 선택성 표면이 가지는 파상구조와 전기와류 불안정성 간의 전기동역학적 상호작용을 수치해석을 통하여 연구하였다. 유한요소법을 이용하여 전기장-이온 이동현상-유동장을 완전결합 해석을 하였다. 이를 통해 파상구조가 제공하는 전기와류 생성 기작인 Dukhin's mode의 유효성 및 역할을 제시하였다. Runinstein's mode와 경쟁관계에 놓이는 Dukhin's mode는 (i) 과한계 영역으로의 전이 전압을 낮춰주고 (ii) 혼돈계인 과한계 영역에서 전류를 비선형적으로 증가시켜준다. 또한, (iii) 전기와류 불안정성에서 발생하는 비효율적 혼합의 원인인 고주파수 Fourier 성분을 배제하여 전기와류의 혼합 효율을 상승시켜 준다. 결론적으로, 본 연구에서 제시한 기작은 전기투석, 화학전지 등의 이온 선택성 이동현상 시스템에 대한 에너지 효율적인 기작으로 활용 가능할 것이다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.81-88
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• 1990

The flow in a river reach where is influenced by tidal motion is characterized by unsteady flow. The flood analysis in the river reach needs depending upon the theory based on the complete unsteady flow equations. In this study the unsteady flow model which is called CRIUM (Channel Routing by Implicit Unsteady Flow Model) was developed and was applied to the Mankyong and Dongjin river in order to analyze the flood characteristics. The results, which were calibrated and verified by the flood records to be measured in the two rivers, show that unsteady flow mode] can be used for the derivation of the flood hydrograph. The peak flood discharges were estimated as 4,960 and $2,870m^3$/sec in 100 year frequency at the estuary of the Mankyong and Dongjin river, respectively. In addition, it was analyzed that the river reaches were not influenced by tidal motion when the discharge magnitude was larger than approximately $3,000m^3$/sec.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.66-75
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• 2002

Temporal variation of nutrients and dissolved major and trace elements have been studied in the Yeongsan River, Korea. There were significant temporal fluctuations in the concentrations of these elements depending upon the flow condition. $NH_4$, $PO_4$, Na, Mg, Ca, K, Mn, Cu, Ni, Zn, Co, As and U concentrations were inversely related to the flow; that is, they are the highest at low flow and the lowest at high flow. It indicates that these elements are derived from point sources such as rock weathering and/or human activities and then diluted by increasing flow. Meanwhile, Fe and Si concentrations varied proportionally to the flow indicating that they are derived from diffuse sources including reactions within soil. The concentration-flow relationships showed that hydrology of the river is the most important factor controlling the chemical composition of the Yeongsan riverwater, which was compatible of the results of R-mode factor analysis.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.501-506
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• 2012

Many innovative design features are employed in the reactor vessel internals of SMART, a small integral-type pressurized water reactor, one of which is the flow skirt, which uniformly distributes flow and horizontally restrains the lower part of the core support barrel. This new design requires a comprehensive investigation of vibration characteristics. Therefore, in this study, modal characteristics of flow skirts are investigated with finite element analysis. Specifically, we investigate how the presence of holes, the presence of three rings attached to the flow skirt, and the thickness of the lowest shell effect vibration characteristics. In addition, the fluid effect is addressed, since the flow skirt is submerged in the fluid.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.10-18
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• 2016

In the present study, a single cylinder four stroke dual fuel diesel engine was tested to investigate the performance and emission characteristics of various test fuels. The engine was tested in dual fuel mode using diesel and Karanja biodiesel blends as pilot fuel along with Natural gas as primary fuel with a constant gas flow rate under different loading conditions. From the experimentation it was found that smoke opacity and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) are at low level for all the prepared test fuels in dual fuel mode but the emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) and hydrocarbon (HC) were found higher. In comparison to diesel fuel, by increasing the blend percentage different emission parameters are found to be reduced. At different loading conditions all the test fuels show poor performance in dual fuel mode of operation when compared with single mode of operation with diesel and biodiesel. With increase in gas flow rates, except (NOx) and smoke emissions, the other emission parameters like CO, HC and $CO_2$ values increased for all test fuels. Again, all blended fuels showed lower performance compared to diesel. The maximum pilot fuel savings for diesel was found decreasing with the increase in karanja biodiesel. From the present work it may be concluded that Karanja biodiesel with Natural gas in dual mode can be can used as promising alternative for diesel with some required engine modifications and further research must be carried out to minimize the emissions of CO, HC and $CO_2$.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2008

서인천 복합 화력발전소의 GE 7FA+e DLN-2.6 가스터빈 연소기 튜닝을 실시하였다. DLN-2.6 연소기는 기동초기 저출력 조건에서 yellow plume 현상과 정상상태보다 높은 수준의 연소진동이 발생하는 문제점이 있었다. 본 논문의 목적은 기동초기의 yellow plume과 연소진동의 발생 원인을 규명하여 실 연소기를 안정적으로 운용할 수 있는 최적의 운전 조건을 제시하는 것이다. 실연소기 튜닝과정을 통해 얻은 자료를 분석한 결과 기동초기 모드 3($20{\sim}30MW$)에서 PM 1 노즐에서의 과농한 혼합기(${\phi}{\sim}1$)에 의해 yellow plume이 생성되었다. 모드 6B($40{\sim}45MW$)에서의 연소진동 발생은 $120{\sim}140Hz$ 부근에서 생성되었고 연소기 온도에 영향을 받지 않는 cold flow 특성으로 보이며 PM 3 노즐에서의 유량과 관련이 있었다.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2008

한국서부발전(주) 산하 서인천 복합 화력발전소에서 운용중인 GE 7FA+e 가스터빈 DLN-2.6 연소기는 기동초기 연소진동과 yellow plume 현상이 발생하고 있는데 이러한 특성을 분석하고 모형 덤프 연소기 설계에 반영하기 위한 상사인자 고찰이 본 연구의 목적이다. 실연소기 분석을 통하여 $120{\sim}140Hz$에서 일어나는 연소진동은 cold flow에서 덤프 모드로 발생되었으며 이것의 모사를 위해 노즐 출구 이전의 빈 공간인 plenum을 설계하였다. 또한 주요 상사인자로 노즐의 회전수, 연료-공기 혼합거리, 노즐과 덤프면의 면적비, 노즐출구에서의 속도와 당량비, 연료 조성성분 등이 있다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2008

The cooling load in winter is significant in buildings and hotels because of the usage of office equipments and the high efficiency of wall insulation. Hence, the development of a multi-heat pump that can cover heating and cooling simultaneously for each indoor unit is required. In this study, the operating characteristics and performance of a simultaneous heating and cooling heat pump in the heating-main operating mode were investigated experimentally. The system adopted a variable speed compressor with four indoor units and one outdoor unit with R-410A. In the heating-main mode, the cooling capacity was lower than the design cooling capacity due to the reduction of the flow rate in the indoor unit for the cooling, with the increase of the heating capacity. To solve these problems, the performance characteristics of the simultaneous heating and cooling heat pump in the heating-main mode were investigated by varying the flow rate to the indoor unit for the cooling and the compressor rotating speed. In addition, the adequate control methods were suggested to improve the system efficiency.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2008년도 학술대회
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• pp.166-170
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• 2008

The changing process from hovering mode to transition one is of importance to determine a stability of tilt-rotor aircraft, which is utilized in UAV(Unmaned Aerial Vehicle). The analysis on fluid flows and aerodynamic characteristics according to variation of tilting angle of rotor is essential step in development of tilt-rotor. In the present study, the computation domain is divided into the rotating and stationary regions in order to consider the rotating blades. For the convenient realization of various tilting angle as well as application of boundary condition, the whole computation region is constructed into sphere domain. The near farfield boundary condition is adopted. The airfoil used in computation is NACA 0012. The computation results for the hovering mode are validated by comparing with previously conducted experimental results. From the results, the flow fields around rotor blade and the aerodynamic characteristics in transition mode are observed. The computational result will provide the basis for development and performance evaluation of tilt-type aircraft.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.447-456
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• 2002

A study has been made to investigate the boundary sliding and its accommodation mode with respect to the variation of $\alpha$$_2$/$eta$ volume fraction during superplastic deformation of two-phase Ti$_3$Al-xNb intermetallics. Step strain rate and load relaxation tests have been performed at 950, 970 and 99$0^{\circ}C$ to obtain the flow stress curves and to analyze the deformation characteristics by the theory of inelastic deformation. The results show that the grain matrix deformation and boundary sliding of the three intermetallics containing 21, 50 and 77% in $eta$ volume fractions are well described by the plastic deformation and viscous flow equations. Due to the equal accommodation of both $a^2$ and $\beta$ phases, the accommodation modes for fine-grained materials are in good agreement with the iso-strain rate models. The sliding resistance analyzed for the different boundaries is the lowest in the $\alpha$$_2$/$\alpha$$_2$ boundary, and increases in the order of $\alpha$$_2$/$\alpha$$_2$<< $\alpha$$_2$/$\beta$ = $\beta$/$\beta$, which plays an important role in controlling the superplasticity of the alloys with the various $\alpha$$_2$/$\beta$ phase ratio.