• 제목/요약/키워드: Flow line

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급성 중증 뇌종창 환자의 양측성 감압개두술 후 뇌압 및 뇌혈류 측정 (Intracranial Pressure and Cerebral Blood Flow Monitoring after Bilateral Decompressive Craniectomy in Patients with Acute Massive Brain Swelling)

  • 유도성;김달수;허필우;조경석;박춘근;강준기
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • 제30권3호
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    • pp.295-306
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    • 2001
  • Objectives : The management of massive brain swelling remains an unsolved problem in neurosurgical field. Despite newly developed medical and pharmacological therapy, the mortality and morbidity due to massive brain swelling remains high. According to many recent reports, surgical decompression with dura expansion is superior to medical management in patients with massive brain swelling. We performed surgical treatment on the first line of treatment, and followed medical management in case with refractory increased intracranial pressure(ICP). To show the quantitative effect of decompressive surgery on the intracranial pressure, we performed ventricular puncture and checked the ventricular ICP continuously during the decompressive surgery and postoperative period. Materials and Methods : Fifty-one patients with massive brain swelling, undergoing bilateral decompressive craniectomy with dura expansion, were studied in this study. In all patients, ventricular puncture was performed at Kocher's point on the opposite side of massive brain swelling. The ventricular pressure was monitored continuously, during the bilateral decompression procedures and postoperative period. Results : The initial ventricular ICP were varied from 13mmHg to 112mmHg. Immediately after the bilateral craniectomy, mean ventricular ICP decreased to $53.1{\pm}15.8%$ of the initial ICP(ranges from 5mmHg to 87mmHg). Dura opening decreased mean ICP by additional 36.7% and made the ventricular pressure $16.4{\pm}10.5%$ of the initial pressure (ranges from 0mmHg to 28mmHg). Postoperatively, ventricular pressure was lowered to $20.2{\pm}22.6%$(ranged from 0mmHg to 62.3mmHg) of the initial ICP. The ventricular ICP value during the first 24 hours after decompressive surgery was found to be an important prognostic factor. If ICP was over 35mmHg, the mortality was 100% instead of additional medical(barbiturate coma therapy and hypothermia) treatments. Conclusion : Bilateral decompression with dura expansion is considered an effective therapeutic modality in ICP control. To obtain favorable clinical outcome in patients with massive brain swelling, early decision making on surgical management and proper patient selection are mandatory.

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적수온(20-24.5℃)에서 사육한 미성어기(384 g) 넙치(Paralichthys olivaceus)의 배합사료 적정 공급률 (Optimum Feeding Rate for Sub-adult Olive Flounder (384 g) Paralichthys olivaceus Fed Practical Extruded Pellets at Optimum Water Temperatures (20-24.5℃))

  • 김성삼;김강웅;김경덕;이봉주;한현섭;김재원;배승철;이경준
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제47권5호
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    • pp.582-587
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    • 2014
  • We investigated the effects of feeding rate on the growth, blood components, and histology of sub-adult olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Optimum feeding rate (initial fish mean weight : $384.2{\pm}5.91g$) was determined under the optimum water temperature. Two replicated groups of fish were fed a commercial diet at rates of 0%, 0.3%, 0.5%, and 0.7% body weight (BW) per day, and to satiation. The feeding trial was conducted using a flow-through system with ten 1.2-metric ton aquaria receiving filtered seawater at $20-24.5^{\circ}C$ for 3 weeks. After the feeding trial, the weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) were significantly higher in fish fed at 0.7% BW/day and those fed to satiation (0.9% BW/day) than in fish fed at other feeding rates or in the unfed fish. These parameters were negative and significantly lower in the unfed fish than in those fed the experimental diet at all feeding rates. There were no significant differences in WG and SGR among fish fed at 0.3 and 0.5% BW/day and among those fed at 0.7% BW/day and to satiation. The histological changes in the hepatopancreas, kidney, and anterior intestine of fish fed at 0, 0.5, and 0.9 % BW/day did not differ much. Broken-line regression analysis of weight gain showed that the optimum feeding rate of olive flounder weighing 384 g was 0.74% BW per day at the optimum water temperatures.

Tele-metering

  • Hearte, L.O.
    • 전기의세계
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    • 제2권
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    • pp.6-14
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    • 1949
  • Telemetering may be described as the art of metering at a considerable distance those quantities which are ordinarily encountered in industry, and in the generation of electric power. It is in the production of electric power that telemetering is particularly important, for it permits the system operator, or load dispatcher, to have before him at all times a continuous graphic record of the power output of each individual generating station together with an automatically made continuous graphic record of the total system output. There desired individual graphic records may be obtained showing power flow in or out, on important tie lines, etc. Such arrangements have the very great advantage that loads may be assigned to each generating station so that the best over-all system economy may be obtained and the system operator at all times may see with his own eyes that loads scheduled are actually held at the various stations. Moreover, with such equipment, in the event of system or station trouble the load dispatcher can see exactly what station, or stations, are affected and to what extent, without having to get in touch with anyone by telephone. Decisions can, therefore, be quickly reached for rescheduling the load. One of the most accurate and reliable telemetering systems is based on the use of potentiometric circuits, the fundamentals of which are discussed below. A member of such telemetering systems have been installed for the Boston Edicon Co., Boston, Massachusetts, the Consolidated Edison Co. of New York City. The Public Service Gas & Electric Co. of Newark, new Jersey. The Philadelphia Electric Co. for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and the Pennsylvania Railroad Co. for their electrified zone between New York and Washington a distance of over 200 miles. The scale of the totalizing recorder for the New York area is 3,000,00 KW. That of the totalizing recorder for the Philadelphia area is 2,000,000 KW. The initial installation using this type of equipment described was placed in service for the Philadelphia Electric Co. in 1923. All of the original recording instruments are still in service, later instruments have been added to take care of additions to the power system and naturally these later recorders have incorporated in those refinements in design made since the earlier ones were manufactured. Many other installations of similar equipment have been made in the United States in various locations such as at St. Louis, on the West Coast, at Baltimore and in Washington, D.C. While the use of these basic potentiometric circuits involves the use of continuous metallic circuits of good insulation resistance and free of grounds, nevertheless, intermediate transmission links, involving and impulse method suitable for use on telephone Morse carrier channels is available. This same method may be employed on power line carrier systems and is also suitable for use on beam type microwave transmission. Many impulse type units are also used as a link in these potantiometric methods. For the sake of brevity a description is given only of these basic potentiometric circuits. If there is sufficient interest in Korea, a further paper can be given covering those impulse circuits also.

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국소 자기장의 순/역 배열을 이용한 미세유체 채널 내에서의 강자성 입자 패턴 형성 (In-situ Patterning of Magnetic Particles in Microfluidic Channels by Forward/Reverse Local Magnet Arrangement)

  • 박현향;이지혜;유영은;김정엽;장성환
    • 대한기계학회논문집 C: 기술과 교육
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    • 제3권3호
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    • pp.217-223
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    • 2015
  • 유체채널 내에서의 미세입자의 패터닝은 생물 및 의료 응용분야에서 활용될 가치가 높은 응용 기술이다. 본 연구는 미세유체 채널 내에서 구조물 없이 외부 자석의 배열만을 이용한 미세입자 패터닝 방법을 제안한다. 자석의 같은 극과 서로 다른 극끼리의 배열을 이용한 일렬 배열, 적층 배열 등을 고안하여, 다양한 미세입자 패터닝에 실험적으로 적용하였다. 서로 같은 극끼리의 배열은 입자 포획에 쉽게 적용 가능하여, 독립적 배열이 가능하였다. 특히 적층 배열은 다양한 패터닝을 할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 자기력 1.08mT 수준에서까지 자석 배열에 의한 일정한 패턴을 관찰할 수 있었고, 패터닝된 입자들은 20 ml/hr 의 유체 속도에서도 안정하게 유지되었다. 본 연구는 간단하면서도 자성 입자의 다양한 패터닝을 가능케 하는 방법으로 면역자기성 입자를 이용한 의학/바이오 분야로의 폭넓은 응용을 기대케 한다.

개심술시 충전액의 저이산화탄소 분압이 체외순환에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Hypocarbic Priming Solutions on Extracorporeal Circulation during Open Heart Surgery)

  • 송선옥;서정국;김흥대
    • Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.101-106
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    • 1984
  • 체외순환전 심폐기내 충전액의 이산화탄소분압, 산도, 완충염기, 산소분압을 측정하고 저체온 체외 순환 15분후의 각각의 치를 측정하여 비교 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 이산화단소분양은 충전액은 $12.1{\pm}7.8mmHg$로 매우 심한 저이산화탄소혈증 이었으나 체외순환 후 15분에서 $35.7{\pm}5.7mmHg$로 정상 범위이었다. 2. 산도는 충전액은 최저 pH 6.93, 최고 pH 7.99(평균 $7.45{\pm}0.29$)로 매우 심한 변동폭을 보였으나 체외순환후 15분에는 pH $7.35{\pm}0.05$로 정상범위이었다. 3. 완충염기는 충전액은 $7.9{\pm}3.5mmol/l$로 매우 낮았으나 체외순환후 15분에는 $19.6{\pm}1.2$로 정상치에 가깝게 유지되었다. 4. 산소분압은 충전액은 $667.1{\pm}45.6$으로 매우 심한 과산소혈증 이었으나 체외순환후 15분에는 $280.7{\pm}131.7$로 크게 감소되었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아 체외순환전 심폐기내 충전액의 저이산화탄소분압 및 고산소분압 상태는 체외순환중 생체내에는 크게 영향을 마치지 않는것으로 사료된다.

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Propolis from the Stingless Bee Trigona incisa from East Kalimantan, Indonesia, Induces In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in Cancer Cell lines

  • Kustiawan, Paula M;Phuwapraisirisan, Preecha;Puthong, Songchan;Palaga, Tanapat;Arung, Enos T;Chanchao, Chanpen
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제16권15호
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    • pp.6581-6589
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    • 2015
  • Background: Previously, stingless bee (Trigona spp.) products from East Kalimantan, Indonesia, were successfully screened for in vitro antiproliferative activity against human cancer derived cell lines. It was established that propolis from T. incisa presented the highest in vitro cytotoxicity against the SW620 colon cancer cell line (6% cell survival in $20{\mu}g/mL$). Materials and Methods: Propolis from T. incisa was extracted with methanol and further partitioned with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the extracts was assessed by the MTT assay against human colon (SW620), liver (Hep-G2), gastric (KATO-III), lung (Chago) and breast (BT474) cancer derived cell lines. The active fractions were further enriched by silica gel quick column, absorption and size exclusion chromatography. The purity of each fraction was checked by thin layer chromatography. Cytotoxicity in BT-474 cells induced by cardanol compared to doxorubicin were evaluated by MTT assay, induction of cell cycle arrest and cell death by flow cytometric analysis of propidium iodide and annexin-V stained cells. Results: A cardol isomer was found to be the major compound in one active fraction (F45) of T. incisa propolis, with a cytotoxicity against the SW620 ($IC_{50}$ of $4.51{\pm}0.76{\mu}g/mL$), KATO-III (IC50 of $6.06{\pm}0.39{\mu}g/mL$), Hep-G2 ($IC_{50}$ of $0.71{\pm}0.22{\mu}g/mL$), Chago I ($IC_{50}$ of $0.81{\pm}0.18{\mu}g/mL$) and BT474 (IC50 of $4.28{\pm}0.14{\mu}g/mL$) cell lines. Early apoptosis (programmed cell death) of SW620 cells was induced by the cardol containing F45 fraction at the $IC_{50}$ and $IC_{80}$ concentrations, respectively, within 2-6 h of incubation. In addition, the F45 fraction induced cell cycle arrest at the G1 subphase. Conclusions: Indonesian stingless bee (T. incisa) propolis had moderately potent in vitro anticancer activity on human cancer derived cell lines. Cardol or 5-pentadecyl resorcinol was identified as a major active compound and induced apoptosis in SW620 cells in an early period (${\leq}6h$) and cell cycle arrest at the G1 subphase. Thus, cardol is a potential candidate for cancer chemotherapy.

Senescence as A Consequence of Ginsenoside Rg1 Response on K562 Human Leukemia Cell Line

  • Liu, Jun;Cai, Shi-Zhong;Zhou, Yue;Zhang, Xian-Ping;Liu, Dian-Feng;Jiang, Rong;Wang, Ya-Ping
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제13권12호
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    • pp.6191-6196
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    • 2012
  • Aims and Background: Traditional chemotherapy strategies for human leukemia commonly use drugs based on cytotoxicity to eradicate cancer cells. One predicament is that substantial damage to normal tissues is likely to occur in the course of standard treatments. Obviously, it is urgent to explore therapies that can effectively eliminate malignant cells without affecting normal cells. Our previous studies indicated that ginsenoside $Rg_1$ ($Rg_1$), a major active pharmacological ingredient of ginseng, could delay normal hematopoietic stem cell senescence. However, whether $Rg_1$ can induce cancer cell senescence is still unclear. Methods: In the current study, human leukemia K562 cells were subjected to $Rg_1$ exposure. The optimal drug concentration and duration with K562 cells was obtained by MTT colorimetric test. Effects of $Rg_1$ on cell cycle were analyzed using flow cytometry and by SA-${\beta}$-Gal staining. Colony-forming ability was measured by colony-assay. Telomere lengths were assessed by Southern blotting and expression of senescence-associated proteins P21, P16 and RB by Western blotting. Ultrastructural morphology changes were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Results: K562 cells demonstrated a maximum proliferation inhibition rate with an $Rg_1$ concentration of $20{\mu}\;mol{\cdot}L^{-1}$ for 48h, the cells exhibiting dramatic morphological alterations including an enlarged and flat cellular morphology, larger mitochondria and increased number of lysosomes. Senescence associated-${\beta}$-galactosidase (SA-${\beta}$-Gal) activity was increased. K562 cells also had decreased ability for colony formation, and shortened telomere length as well as reduction of proliferating potential and arrestin $G_2$/M phase after $Rg_1$ interaction. The senescence associated proteins P21, P16 and RB were significantly up-regulated. Conclusion: Ginsenoside $Rg_1$ can induce a state of senescence in human leukemia K562 cells, which is associated with p21-Rb and p16-Rb pathways.

Anti-proliferative Effects of Atractylis lancea (Thunb.) DC. via Down-regulation of the c-myc/hTERT/Telomerase Pathway in Hep-G2 Cells

  • Guo, Wei-Qiang;Li, Liang-Zhi;He, Zhuo-Yang;Zhang, Qi;Liu, Jia;Hu, Cui-Ying;Qin, Fen-Ju;Wang, Tao-Yun
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제14권11호
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    • pp.6363-6367
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    • 2013
  • Atractylis lancea (Thunb.) DC. (AL), an important medicinal herb in Asia, has been shown to have anti-tumor effects on cancer cells, but the involved mechanisms are poorly understood. This study focused on potential effects and molecular mechanisms of AL on the proliferation of the Hep-G2 liver cancer cell line in vitro. Cell viability was assessed by MTT test in Hep-G2 cells incubated with an ethanol extract of AL. Then, the effects of AL on apoptosis and cell cycle progression were determined by flow cytometry. Telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assays was performed to investigate telomerase activity. The mRNA and protein expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and c-myc were determined by real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting. Our results show that AL effectively inhibits proliferation in Hep-G2 cells in a concentrationand time-dependent manner. When Hep-G2 cells were treated with AL after 48h,the $IC_{50}$ was about 72.1 ${\mu}g/mL$. Apoptosis was induced by AL via arresting the cells in the G1 phase. Furthermore, AL effectively reduced telomerase activity through inhibition of mRNA and protein expression of hTERT and c-myc. Hence, these data demonstrate that AL exerts anti-proliferative effects in Hep-G2 cells via down-regulation of the c-myc/hTERT/telomerase pathway.

Proteome characterization reveals the role of pollen and pistil of W22 (ga1; Ga1) in maize

  • Roy, Swapan Kumar;Yu, Jin;Kamal, Abu Hena Mostafa;Kwon, Soo Jeong;Cho, Kun;Cho, Seong-Woo;So, Yoon-Sup;Woo, Sun Hee
    • 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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    • pp.129-129
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    • 2017
  • The first key point to the successful pollination and fertilization in plants is the pollen pistil interaction, referring to the cellular and molecular levels, which mainly play active roles in limiting gene flow among maize populations and between maize and teosinte. This study was carried out to identify proteins and investigate the mechanism of gametophytic factors using protein analysis. W22 (ga1); which didn't carry a gametophytic factor and W22 (Ga1), a near iso-genic line were used for the proteome investigation. SDS-PAGE was executed to investigate proteins in the pollen and pistil of W22 (ga1) and W22 (Ga1). A total of 44 differentially expressed proteins were identified in the pollen and pistil on SDS-PAGE using LTQ-FTICR MS. Among the 44 proteins, a total of 24 proteins were identified in the pollen of W22 (ga1) and W22 (Ga1) whereas 20 differentially expressed proteins were identified from the pistil of W22 (Ga) and W22 (Ga1). However, in pollen, 2 proteins were identified only in the W22 (ga1) and 12 proteins only in the W22 (Ga1) whereas 10 proteins were confirmed from the both of W22 (ga1) and W22 (Ga1). In contrary, 10 proteins were appeared only in the pistil of W22 (ga1) and 7 proteins from W22 (Ga1) while 3 proteins confirmed in the both of W22 (ga1) and W22 (Ga1). Moreover, the identified proteins were generally involved in hydrolase activity, nucleic acid binding and nucleotide binding. These results help to reveal the mechanism of gametophytic factors and provide a valuable clue for the pollen and pistil research in maize. In addition, it might provide a comprehensive insight on the proteins that were involved in the regulation of pollen-pistil interaction.

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원격수위계측기를 이용한 강우유출 분석에 관한 연구 (The Study on the Analysis of Stormwater Runoff Using RMS (Remote Monitoring System))

  • 함광준;김준현;이건호;최지용;정의호
    • 환경영향평가
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    • 제13권6호
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    • pp.285-294
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    • 2004
  • The purpose of this study is to understand the quantitative change of water resources using RMS(Remote Monitoring System) which takes real time data with high reliability. Also, the characteristic of stormwater runoff was understood by the application of the above system for three streams (Jiam, Yulmun, and Gongji stream) in Chuncheon City. The detailed results of these studies are as follows; RMS(Remote Monitoring System) was constructed by the combination of the automatic water-level meter, which measures water-level of streams at all times, and the wireless communication system sending real-time data from the meter. This system is used to evaluate the stormwater runoff in watersheds and the quantitative changes of streams. It is possible to overcome the limit of field investigations needed, which takes a lot of manpower and time, and it is very efficient to provide the reliable flowrate data. Also, it can be applied to the disaster prevention system for flood because the change of flowrate in stream is monitored at real-time. For 3 streams with different watershed characteristics, correlation equations induced from the relation analysis results. In terms of the relation between water-level and flowrate, flowrate was increased rapidly as the water-level rises in case of small watershed and steep slope. The application results of the proposed system for 3 streams (Jiam, Yulmun, Gongji) in Chuncheon city are as follows; The remote monitoring system was very useful for acquisition of the flow rate in stream that are basic data to understand pollutants runoff in watershed. In case of no-rainy day, the runoff ratio for pollutant loading rate was the highest level in Yulmun stream(BOD:2.3%, TN:20.2%, TP:1.2%). So, it shows the management of pollution source is needed such as rehabilitation of sewer line. Runoff ratio of total phosphorus by rainfall in Gongji watershed was increased about 19 times than no-rainy day, which is estimated as the influence of sewer overflow.