• 물과 미래
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.38-42
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• 1976

Because of differences in thoughts and ideology, our country, Korea has been deprived of national unity for some thirty years of time and tide. To achieve peaceful unification, the cultivation of national strength is of paramount importance. This national strength is also essential if Korea is to take rightful place in the international societies and to have the confidence of these societies. However, national strength can never be achieved in a short time. The fundamental elements in economic development that are directly conducive to the cultivation of national strength can be said to lie in -a stable political system, -exertion of powerful leadership, -cultivation of a spirit of diligence, self-help and cooperation, -modernization of human brain power, and -establishment of a scientific and well planned economic policy and strong enforcement of this policy. Our country, Korea, has attained brilliant economic development in the past 15 years under the strong leadership of president Park Chung Hee. However, there are still many problems to be solved. A few of them are: -housing and home problems, -increasing demand for employment, -increasing demand for staple food and -the need to improve international balance of payment. Solution of the above mentioned problems requires step by step scientific development of each sector and region of our contry. As a spearhead project in regional development, the Saemaul Campaign or new village movement can be cited. The campaign is now spreading throughout the country like a grass fire. However, such campaigns need considerable encouragement and support and the means for the desired development must be provided if the regional and sectoral development program is to sucdceed. The construction of large multipurpose dams in major river basin plays significant role in all aspects of national, regional and sectoral development. It ensures that the water resource, for which there is no substitute, is retained and utilized for irrigation of agricultural areas, production of power for industry, provision of water for domestic and industrial uses and control of river water. Water is the very essence of life and we must conserve and utilize what we have for the betterment of our peoples and their heir. The regional and social impact of construction of a large dam is enormous. It is intended to, and does, dras tically improve the "without-project" socio-economic conditions. A good example of this is the Soyanggang multipurpose dam. This project will significantly contribute to our national strength by utilizing the stored water for the benefit of human life and relief of flood and drought damages. Annual average precipitation in Korea is 1160mm, a comparatively abundant amount. The catchment areas of the Han River, Keum River, and Youngsan River are $62,755\textrm{km}^2$, accounting for 64% of the national total. Approximately 62% of the national population inhabits in this area, and 67% of the national gross product comes from the area. The annual population growth rate of the country is currently estimated at 1.7%, and every year the population growth in urban area increases at a rising rate. The population of Seoul, Pusan, and Taegu, the three major cities in Korea, is equal to one third of our national total. According to the census conducted on October 1, 1975, the population in the urban areas has increased by 384,000, whereas that in rural areas has decreased by 59,000,000 in the past five years. The composition of population between urban and rural areas varied from 41%~59% in 1959 to 48%~52% in 1975. To mitigate this treand towards concentration of population in urban areas, employment opportunities must be provided in regional and rural areas. However, heavy and chemical industries, which mitigate production and employment problems at the same time, must have abundant water and energy. Also increase in staple food production cannot be attained without water. At this point in time, when water demand is rapidly growing, it is essential for the country to provide as much a reservoir capacity as possible to capture the monsoon rainfall, which concentarated in the rainy seaon from June to Septesmber, and conserve the water for year round use. The floods, which at one time we called "the devil" have now become a source of immense benefit to Korea. Let me explain the topographic condition in Korea. In northern and eastern areas we have high mountains and rugged country. Our rivers originate in these mountains and flow in a general southerly or westerly direction throught ancient plains. These plains were formed by progressive deposition of sediments from the mountains and provide our country with large areas of fertile land, emminently suited to settlement and irrigated agricultural development. It is, therefore, quite natural that these areas should become the polar point for our regional development program. Hower, we are fortunate in that we have an additional area or areas, which can be used for agricultural production and settlement of our peoples, particularly those peoples who may be displaced by the formation of our reservoirs. I am speaking of the tidelands along the western and southern coasts. The other day the Ministry of Agriculture and Fishery informed the public of a tideland reclamation of which 400,000 hectares will be used for growing rice as part of our national food self-sufficiency programme. Now, again, we arrive at the need for water, as without it we cannot realize this ambitious programme. And again we need those dams to provide it. As I mentioned before, dams not only provide us with essential water for agriculture, domestic and industrial use, but provide us with electrical energy, as it is generally extremely economical to use the water being release for the former purposes to drive turbines and generators. At the present time we have 13 hydro-electric power plants with an installed capacity of 711,000 kilowatts equal to 16% of our national total. There are about 110 potential dams ites in the country, which could yield about 2,300,000 kilowatts of hydro-electric power. There are about 54 sites suitable for pumped storage which could produce a further 38,600,000 kilowatts of power. All available if we carefully develop our water resources. To summarize, water resource development is essential to the regional development program and the welfare of our people, it must proceed hand-in-hand with other aspects of regional development such as land impovement, high way extension, development of our forests, erosion control, and develop ment of heavy and chemical industries. Through the successful implementation of such an integrated regional development program, we can look forward to a period of national strength, and due recognition of our country by the worlds societies.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.813-822
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• 1998

연구배경: 압력보조환기로 이탈시 발판 시기는 최소보조압력수준에서 시행하는 것이 추천되고 있다. 그러나 임상에서는 압력보조환기법에 의한 이탈시 기관내 관의 발관을 최소압력보조법에 도달하였다고 판단되는 경우에서도 기관내 관의 재삽관 가능성을 줄이기 위하여 때로는 T-piece 시도를 1 시간 더한 뒤 기관내 관을 제거하는 방법도 시행되고 있다. 이는 환자의 호흡예비력을 좀더 확실하게 검증할 수 있는 장점이 있는 반면, 기관내 관 자체가 높은 기도 저항을 유발하므로 환자의 호흡 일이 증대되어 오히려 이탈이 지연될 가능성도 있다. 본 저자들은 최소압력보조치에서 1 시간 T-piece 추가가 이탈에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자하였다. 연구방법: 1997년 5월부터 1998년 3월까지 서울중앙병원 내과계 중환자실에서 이탈을 시도한 44명을 대상으로 무작위 전향적 연구를 시행하였다. 이탈 대상이 되는 환자는 모두 압력보조환기방법으로 이탈을 진행하고 압력보조수준이 최소압력보조치에 이르면 환자를 무작위로 실험군 (1시간 T-piece 시도)과 대조군(즉시 발관)으로 나누었다. 연구결과: 전체 42회 이탈의 최소압력보조치는 7.6 [${\pm}1.9$, (4-13)] cm $H_2O$였다. 1. 환자들의 기저 상태 : 두 군간 환자들의 총 기계환기 시간, APACHE III 접수, 영양지표, 분당 호흡수, 얕은 숨지수, 호흡, 일 등에서 차이가 없었다. 2. 두 군간 성공률 및 호흡역학의 차이 : 실험군이 55%, 대조군이 70%로 즉시 발관한 군이 성공률이 높으나 통계학적 차이는 없었다 (p>0.05). 재삽관률도 실험군이 18%, 대조군이 20%로 두 군간 차이가 없었다. 실험군에서 1시간 T-piece 시도후 일회호흡 용적, 분당 호흡수, 얕은 숨지수, 호흡 일에서 악화된 소견을 보였으며(P<0.05), 특히 실험군내의 실패군에서는 일회호흡용적, 호흡 일, 압력시간곱의 악화가 심하였다 (P<0.05). 3. 성공군과 실패군 분석 : 전체 성공군에서 총 기계환기 시간이 유의있게 낮았고 ($246{\pm}195$ 시간 대 $407{\pm}248$ 시간, P<0.05), 일회호흡용적은 유의하게 높았다 ($0.43{\pm}0.11$ L 대 $0.35{\pm}0.10$ L). 결 론: 이상의 결과로서 최소압력보조치에서 1 시간 T-piece 추가는 환자의 호흡 일을 증가시키며 이탈 성공률에 있어 최소압력보조치에서 즉시 발관하는 방법에 비하여 차이가 없으므로 압력보조환기 양식으로 이탈을 시도할 때는 최소압력보조치에서 즉시 발관하는 것이 나을 것으로 사료된다.