• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.3
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• pp.383-390
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of new materials with forest topsoil for hydroseeding measures that is environmentally and ecologically stable revegetation measures on rock cut-slopes. Field hydroseeding experiment was used with a completely randomized design at highway rock cut-slopes in April, 1997. Results obtained in this study were summarized as follows: Particle size distribution of 3 mixed-soil materials that consisted of forest topsoil, decomposed granite soil, compost, sludge, and bottom ash did not show a significant difference. As appending the amount of forest topsoil, soil bulk density was increased. Soil hardness was slightly increased in early period, and then decreased with the flourishing of plants. The number of individuals increased, more than $3,000seedlings/m^2$, after 1 month, and it was decreased as time passes because of competition between the seeded species and the naturally emerged species. In addition to the seeded species, seeding plot has more than 6 species (Rubus crataegifolius, Eleusine indica, Erigeron canadensis, Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme, etc.) per $m^2$ were naturally appeared in the first year. From the viewpoint of species diversity promotion, the capability of using forest topsoil as seed bank sources was high. In order to apply in the field, the investigation and analysis of topsoil availability (quantity and quality of seed source, soil texture and organic composition) should be carried out before-hand.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.13
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• pp.21-37
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• 1989

In May 1987, 11 clay icons and other stone products were excavated in an abandoned ancient tomb which was located in 541-1 Hwangsung-dong, Kyungju. 6 clay figures of them were depicted realistically man's features and postures, costume at that time that they gave a lot of significance to the fields of Korean Costume's Academic Society. The main purpose of this thesis is to study the background of costume history when it was made and its formal characteristics with the study of those 6 clay figures. Shilla accepted the customs and attires of Sui and T'ang by means of frequent in coming and out going Chinese envoy as well as Shilla's envoy, monks, hostages, and students in China. From that period, the diversity of Shilla's costume began to develop by introducing Tang's style into Shilla's costume. Crested hat of men's clothing of the clay figures in Hwangsung- Dong is Bokdu Men's figure II wore Bokdu which Hugak is attached to Byunhyung. The garment is a Po and it is a tight sleeve and silhouette's Banryungpo. The horizontal line of hemline of men's figure 1 can be presumed by expression of Ran though it is not as accurate as the clay figues in Yongg-ang-Dong. As for torso part 1, it can not be known the style of the crested hat because the head part was damaged, but it were shoes, belt and common sleeve, Banryungpo on tight sleeve shirt and tight trouser. The hair style of the women's clothing in Hwangsung-dong clay figure is Bukkye peculiar to Korea. The costume was slim silhouette that people wore tight sleeve and short blouse and long skirt and belted on their bosom which dresses style was in vogue from late Sui dynasty to the early years of the Tang period. The silh ouette of slim silhouette's high waist which can be seen in the women's dresses is mainly worn by Chinese and affected Shilla's costume. Therefore the dresses style of the clay figures in Hwagsung-Dong, it is considered it is a dresses style of tight sleeves and slim silhouette together with the adaptation and abolition of foreign elements on the basis of Shilla's own elements like Bukkye hair style and tight sleeve and silhouette. The style of Yonggang-Dong's clay figures expresses spherical gei and common sleeve, loose silhouette of flourishing Tang's costumes planly whereas the style of Hwangsung-Dong's clay costumes expresses refined spirit of the Shilla(Shillaism) though it is extremly simple.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.117-133
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• 2011

This thesis is a study on the oldest feng-shui book "Janggyeong(葬經)". Specially, it is a focus on the feng-shui orientation method so called Sasepalryongbub(四勢八龍法) in that book. This method is to identify fortune and misfortune with the directions to be measured by a feng-shui compass. Sa(四) of Sase(四勢) is the four pieces of direction of dividing 12 parts for 360 degree circle. To divide for 12 parts is related with 12-Jiji(地支). Sa mean In(寅), Sin(申), Sa(巳), and Hae(亥). Se of Sase means a large stem of mountain. Generally, Sase are the big mountain stems of the four directions as In, Sin, Sa, and Hae. Pal(八) of Palryong(八龍) mean the 8 parts of equal division for 360 degree. It is related with Palgoe(八卦) that divide for 8 parts equally. Palgoe are Jin(震), Li(離), Gam(坎), Tae(兌), Geon(乾), Gon(坤), Gan(艮), and Son(巽). Ryong(龍) of Palryong(八龍) is a stem of mountain that is measured with 8 parts of equal division feng-shui compass. Sasepalryongbub make a connection between Sase and Palryong. When they are connected, it is a good fortune like as In(寅) and Li(離), Sin(申) and Gam(坎) or Gon(坤) or Gan(艮), Sa(巳) and Tae(兌) or Geon(乾), Hae(亥) and Jin(辰) or Son(巽). It is based on two theories. The one is 12-Unseongron(運星論), the other is one of Ohaengron(五行論) as Samhap-Ohaeng(三合五行). 12-Unseongron begins from dividing all human life affairs with 12 steps. Saeng(生), Wang(旺), Myo(墓) are the very important things among 12 steps. Saeng means starting, Wang means flourishing, Myo means keeping. Samhap-Ohaeng is made with Jiji of Saeng, Wang and Myo steps about 12-Unseongron. Saeng is the most important thing among of Saeng, Wang and Myo in Sasepalryongbub which means birth. Saeng of Jiji direction can help Palgoe direction as a counterpart. Like this, the good relation of Sase and Palryong is that Jiji direction can help Palgoe direction. For example, there are In(寅) of Jiji and Li(離) of Palgoe, can be explained as these kinds of the good relations. In view of Samhap-Ohaeng, In of Jiji is regared as Saeng of fire(火). This fire- Saeng-In as Jiji can help fire- Li as Palgoe. It can be said as a good condition that Sase and Palryong be connected like this case. This is the main content of Sasepalryongbub as being treated in this study.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.46
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• pp.556-589
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• 2009

With the advent of the so-called Web 2.0 age, the interconnections of various contents on the web, as well as the user-participatory services from blogs, web-based communities, picture sharing sites, and social networking sites, to the sites for collective knowledge productions, have been further vitalized. As the User Generated Contents(UGCs) are flourishing on the web, they have channeled users' desires for self-expression and social acknowledgement, and yet have created the new kinds of invasion of privacy. This study attempts to look at how the networked individuals' everyday perceptions of privacy have been reconstructed in the age of Web 2.0. By investigating how users have used the UGCs for their sociality on the web and how they have set the boundaries of the private and the public in these public or semi-public disclosures of self-expressions, it has traced the changing perceptions of privacy in everyday communication practices. For this study, it has interviewed Korean youngsters in their 10s and 20s who have grown up with the Internet and have received self-expressions and social communication on the web as everyday activities. Based on their interviews, it inquires into the concurrent notion of privacy and discuss its cultural implications.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 1995

In order to nursing practice of the patient in Oriental medicine, it is suggested that the fundamental recognition of Oriental medicine should be preceded. It is, however, difficult that we comprehend Oriental medicine generally since it is different from Western medicine in the point of th symptom. We have thought that is to be carried out to select and analyze a disease by the sense of Oriental medicine for the establishment of Oriental medical nursing. So we have tried out the analysis of Tae-Yang In view of the results so far achieved, it has been suggested that Tae-Yang Symptom applies to the first step of Sanghan Yug Kyung Symptom and consists of Palsy, Sanghan, Onbyung, Dropsy, and Congestion. In the Oriental medicine, Tae-Yang Symptom is recognized to be concerned with a common cold and the respiratory, renal and hepatic diseases. In the points of Orintal medicine, it is noticed that Tae-Yang Symptom is caused by the wind and cold evil, is related to human resisting force, and is fused with each other. And the treatment of Tae-Yang Symptom is various by the cause and the pathological mechanism. In the points of Western medicine. it is difficult to comprehend that various disease germs revolving each disease are implied by identical symptom. The summary of this study are as follows ; 1. In the outer-caused diseases. so called Tae-Yang Symptom, it is an important index to the patient's resisting force and the type of a disease whether he sweats, chills and the pulse is tense or not. 2. The treatments are various according the body's resisting force and the type of symptoms; harmonizing Yung & Wee(調榮衛) to Weaknees of surface(表虛證), sudorifics flourishing of evils(表實證), and antifebriles to On-byung(溫病). 3. If Tae-Yang Symptom is not cured, it progresses to develop complications ; Dropsy(蓄水) & congestion(蓄血), the former brings about renal diseases and the latter hepatic diseses. According to the resuslts mentioned above, we have come to the conclusion that the Oriental - medical nursing must emphasis the body's sesiting force and the type of symptoms rather than the name of a disease.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.189-208
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• 2016

This research aims to discuss the impact of on regional development as a place brand and glocal heritage. Based on understanding of the changes and influences of local heritages in the globalization era as a key component of place branding, this study explores how is used to develop a place branding strategy for Lijiang. The research methods are both a literature review and a field research related to Lijiang and its culture. Also, the resources from news, internet, and YouTube are used to analyze the impact of . The performance has been attracting tourists from both Chineses and foreigners and contributed to increase the economic profits of local tourism industry as one of the representative identities of Lijiang. Also, in the process of preservation and recreation of cultural heritages of Lijiang such as , the participation of local residents and on-going interactions between the residents and global tourists highly influence on a transition from place marketing to place branding. By applying local cultural heritages to place branding strategies, the regional values of Lijiang strengthen its place identity from a place of preserving a minority's heritage to that of flourishing cultural exchanges and hybridization from the world.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.817-820
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• 2008

The river environments of many streams in korea have been deteriorate through the rapid industrialization and urbanization since the 1960s. In korea, on the other hand, much efforts on the research and project have been made for the restoration of the deteriorated streams to close-to-nature. in order to restore the deteriorated streams, therefore, it is necessary to investigate such advanced technologies and materials. In view of this requirement, various research paths are being taken focusing on coarse aggregates to make multi-functional porous concrete having continuous voids so as to improve water and air permeability, acoustic absorption, water purification and applicability to vegetation. The Purpose of this study is to investigate the method for recovery of the environment in the streams area using porous concrete retaining wall block. the multi-P.O.C block applies for test in the Jangduri-cheon have been monitored planting, stability etc. after 6 months, plant grows flourishing and reconstructed in state such as nature rivers.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.277-293
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• 2008

We conducted a consensual, expansive, and successive study to compare cultural differences and similarities between Korean, Chinese and Japanese's Seasonal Festivals and Foods documentarily. It showed interesting results that the three countries had celebrated with similar meanings, and shared similar events and special foods. Seasonal Festivals happen throughout the year sequentially: the New Year Day, January $15^{th}$(first full moon festival), March $3^{rd}$(double three day), May $5^{th}$(double five day), July $7^{th}$(double seven day) and finally the Year Farewell Festival. While, the festival of a royal birthday of Buddha happens on April $8^{th}$ in both countries: Korea and Japan. There is also one of the big festivals called the harvest moon festival on August $15^{th}$, and this event celebrates with special foods both in Korea and China. On December $23^{th}$, it is a special day for both Chinese and Japanese, but they celebrate the day with different meanings to it. Three countries have a special seasonal event celebrated each other. Koreans have a special event called Sambok to overcome summer with special food during a middle of June to the beginning of July. Chinese have a special event for overcoming winter with soup on December $8^{th}$. Japanese have a special event with rice cake to safety on January $11^{th}$. On these seasonal festivals, it is different to note that two different kinds of calendars are used. The lunar calendar is used by Koreans and Chinese whereas the solar calendar is used by Japanese. Because of the similarity in Buddhism, and agricultural industry, and especially sharing Chinese Characters in words, these three countries have in common in many ways to celebrate Seasonal Festival, and it is very unique custom in the world. Nowadays; however, these traditional events and special foods are changing in more simplified version and almost disappearing in all three countries. Therefore, we suggest that the Seasonal Festivals and Foods should be more emphasized in flourishing and exchanging between Korea, China and Japan.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.36
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• pp.78-108
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• 2006

This study examines the digital divide, one of the main issues in digital media environment, in relation with the digital literacy on the perspective of audience welfare. The study explores the current state of audience welfare policy with regard to the issue of digital divide which can be seen as the dark side of this flourishing digital technology society. The barriers and enablers of the digital divide are discussed with the question of how these factors are related with the digital literacy competence of audience. It has been criticized that both the research efforts and the policy implementations on the digital divide had been set within the limitation of physical access to the digital equipment and technology. Recent studies suggested that the digital divide should be viewed in dynamic interaction of a variety of factors such as psychological dispositions, inner attitudes toward digital media, competence and ability of audiences as well as socio-economic status of individuals. Despite the recent inclusive discussion, however, the role of digital literacy in the digital divide remains unexplored. It should be noted that the question of access is not just to do with equipment, but with skills and knowledge that are required to use equipment. This notion suggests an important implication for the digital divide policy establishment. This study proposes a two-stage solution for reducing the digital divide, in which the first stage focuses on physical access and technology education and the second stage on the digital literacy education.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.335-343
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• 2005

Inorganic bovine bone mineral has been widely researched as bone substitution materials in orthopedic and oral and maxillofacial application. OCS-B(NIBEC, Korea) is newly-developed inorganic bovine bone mineral. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of bovine bone-derived bone graft material(OCS-B). Micro-structure of newly-developed inorganic bovine bone mineral(OCS-B) was analyzed by scanning electron microscope(SEM). Round cranial defects with eight mm diameter were made and filled with OCS-B in rabbits. OCS-B was inserted into femoral quadrant muscle in mouse. In scanning electron microscope, OCS-B was equal to natural hydroxyapatite. Rabbits were sacrificed at 2 weeks and 4 weeks after surgery and mice were sacrificed at 1 week and 2 weeks after surgery. Decalcified specimens were prepared and observed by microscope. In calvarial defects, osteoid and new bone were formed in the neighborhood of OCS-B at 2 weeks after surgery. And at 4 weeks after surgery osteoid and new bone bridge formed flourishingly. No inflammatory cells were seen on the surface of OCS-B at 1 week and 2 weeks in mouse experimental group. It is concluded that newly-developed inorganic bovine bone mineral(OCS-B) is a flourishing bone-forming material and biocompatible material.