• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.120-129
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• 2008

Removal rate of $NO_3-N$ and TN in a free water surface wetland system with litter layer on its bottom was compared with that without one. The system was established on floodplain in the down reach of the Gwangju Stream in 2001. Its dimensions were 31 meters in length and 12 meters in width. Water of the stream was funneled into it and its effluent was discharged back into the channel. Average litter layer of 9.6 cm was formed on its bottom in 2007. The layer and above-ground parts of reeds and cattails on the system were eliminated in Spring 2008. Volumes and water quality of inflow and outflow of the system were analyzed from May to November in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Inflow into the system both in 2007 and 2008 averaged approximately $40m^3/day$ and hydraulic residence time both in 2007 and 2008 was about 1.5 days. Average influent $NO_3-N$ concentration in 2007 and 2008 was 2.16 and 2.05 mg/L, respectively and influent TN concentration in 2007 and 2008 averaged 3.98 and 3.89 mg/L, respectively. With a 0.05 significance level, effluent temperatures, influent concentrations of $NO_3-N$ and TN, and stem numbers per square meter and height of the emergent plants showed no difference between the system with litter layer and without one. $NO_3-N$ removal in the system with litter layer and without it averaged 55.59 and 46.06%, respectively and TN retention averaged 57.24 and 48.97%, respectively. Both $NO_3-N$ and TN abatement rates in the system with litter layer were significantly high (p < 0.001) when compared with those without one. The wetland system having litter layer on its bottom was more efficient for $NO_3-N$ and TN retention than that without one.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.121-132
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• 2011

Removal rates of $NO_3$-N and TN in the free-water surface wetland system during winter; December, January, February and March, spring and fall; April, May, October and November, and summer; Jun, July, August and September were investigated. The system was established on floodplain in the downstream reach of the Gwangju Stream in 2008. It measures 50 meters in length and 5.5 meters in width. Iris pseudacorus L. grown in pots for about two years were planted in the system. The water stream was funneled in by gravity and its effluent was discharged back in. Volumes and water quality of inflow and outflow were analyzed from December 2008 to November 2010. The inflow was averaged approximately 350 $m^3/day$ and hydraulic residence time was about 3 hours. Average influent and effluent $NO_3$-N concentration was 3.75 and 3.35 mg/L, respectively and $NO_3$-N retention was amounted to 10.6%. Influent and effluent TN concentration were averaged 4.93 and 4.30 mg/L, respectively and TN abatement reached to 12.9%. One-way ANOVA statistics claimed that the average removal rates of $NO_3$-N and TN during winter, spring and fall, and summer were not always the same (p<0.001). The t-Tests of three pairs among $NO_3$-N removal rates of winter, spring and fall, and summer illustrated that the removal rates of winter ($5.04{\pm}1.94$), spring and fall ($10.53{\pm}2.24$), and summer ($18.61{\pm}2.26$) were significantly different each others (p<0.001). Among TN removal rates, the three pairs of t-Tests of three seasons showed that the removal rates of winter ($5.21{\pm}2.51$), spring and fall ($11.71{\pm}3.12$), and summer ($21.53{\pm}4.86$) were significantly different from each others (p<0.001).

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.82-92
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• 2010

Removal rates of NO3-N and TN in a free water surface wetland system during emergent plant growing season and non-growing were investigated. The system was established on floodplain in the down reach of the Gwangju Stream in 2008. Its dimensions were 46 meters in length and 5 meters in width. Typha angustifloria L. growing in pots about two years were planted on the half area of the system and Zizania latifolia Turcz on the other half. Water of the stream was funneled into it by gravity flow and its effluent was discharged back into it. Volumes and water quality of inflow and outflow were analyzed from October 2008 to September 2009. Inflow into the system averaged approximately 715 $m^3$/day and hydraulic residence time was about 1.5 hr. Average influent and effluent $NO_3$-N concentration was 3.37 and 2.74 mg/L, respectively and $NO_3$-N retention amounted to 18.7%. Influent and effluent TN concentration averaged 4.67 and 3.69 mg/L, respectively and TN abatement reached to 20.9%. $NO_3$-N removal rate (%) during plant growing season ($22.67{\pm}3.70$, mean ${\pm}$ standard error) was significantly high (p<0.001) when compared with that during plant non-growing one ($15.02{\pm}3.23$). TN abatement rate (%) during plant growing season ($27.42{\pm}5.98$) was also significantly high (p<0.001) when compared with that during plant non-growing one ($13.66{\pm}3.08$).

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.291-301
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• 2017

This study was carried out to investigate distribution on the alien plants in the Gyeong-in Ara Waterway. The alien plants were a total of 82 taxa: 17 families, 63 genera, 80 species, and 2 varieties. This number corresponds to 25.5% of alien plants identified in Korea. The proportion of alien plants in every year was increased from upstream to downstream. As the result of the analysis on vegetation stratification, bank of waterside was covered with artificial materials preventing existence of vegetation, and had step-type cross section. Floodplain was composed of waterfront area. An array of vegetation was not typical dispersion, and terrestrial and alien plants were dominated the Gyeong-in Ara Waterway. Evaluation of naturalness based on the vegetation stratification showed grade 3 or 4. In order to solve a problem, method and level of restoration should be decided based on the result of diagnostic assessment. Therefore, we need to restore the step-type cross section as pool type one. From waterside to bank in this waterway, we recommend to introduce natural plants by imitating reference species composition. Since, an invasion of alien plants is expected to be accelerated due to the continuous artificial disturbance, we recommend to quantitative investigation on the invasion of alien plants and monitoring on the change of distribution.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.17-33
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• 2023

Disasters in coastal regions are a constant source of damage due to their uncertainty and complexity, leading to the proposal of green infrastructure as a nature-based solution that incorporates the concept of resilience to address the limitations of traditional grey infrastructure. This study analyzed trends in research related to coastal disasters and green infrastructure by conducting a co-occurrence keyword analysis of 2,183 articles collected from the Web of Science (WoS). The analysis resulted in the classification of the literature into four clusters. Cluster 1 is related to coastal disasters and tsunamis, as well as predictive simulation techniques, and includes keywords such as surge, wave, tide, and modeling. Cluster 2 focuses on the social system damage caused by coastal disasters and theoretical concepts, with keywords such as population, community, and green infrastructure elements like habitat, wetland, salt marsh, coral reef, and mangrove. Cluster 3 deals with coastal disaster-related sea level rise and international issues, and includes keywords such as sea level rise (or change), floodplain, and DEM. Finally, cluster 4 covers coastal erosion and vulnerability, and GIS, with the theme of 'coastal vulnerability and spatial technique'. Keywords related to green infrastructure in cluster 2 have been continuously appearing since 2016, but their focus has been on the function and effect of each element. Based on this analysis, implications for planning and management processes using green infrastructure in response to coastal disasters have been derived. This study can serve as a valuable resource for future research and policy in responding to and managing various disasters in coastal regions.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2018년도 학술발표회
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• pp.442-442
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• 2018

강의 하도와 연결되어 간헐적으로 침수되는 홍수터는 가장 생산적인 육역 서식처 중 하나이다. 하지만 도시 개발과 농업이용은 강의 하도와 홍수터와의 연결을 제한함으로써 그 기능이 상당부분 축소되었다. 이에 기존 홍수터 서식처를 특성화하고 미래 홍수터 복원을 계획하는 것은 하천관리 및 생태계 회복을 위해서도 매우 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 홍수 흐름의 규모, 시기, 기간, 빈도 등을 포함한 하천 유황 특성과 생태적 반응이 나타나는 홍수터 영역과 흐름 특성을 연계함으로써 서식처를 정량화 하고자 하였다. 이를 위한 홍수터 복원의 시나리오는 현재 지형(기존 홍수터), 제방후퇴, 제방후퇴/구하도 복원, 제방후퇴/배후습지 조성으로 설정하였다. 홍수터 서식처를 정량화하기 위한 방법으로는 일 유량의 수문통계학적 분석, 수리학적 모델링을 통한 범람 분석, 어류 물리서식처 모델링을 통한 가중가용면적 분석 등을 수행하였다. 그 결과 잠재복원영역(Potential Restored Area)에서 연중 기대되는 서식처 면적(Expected Annual Habitat Area)의 크기는 제방후퇴/배후습지 조성, 제방후퇴/구하도 복원, 제방후퇴, 기존 홍수터 순으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 제안된 홍수터 복원에 따른 서식처 정량화 방안은 홍수터 복원 계획 설계 시 시나리오 별 서식처 복원효과를 예측 평가함으로써 보다 효과적인 방안을 마련할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.89-99
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• 2006

The growth and biomass of reeds(Phragmites australis) growing in a subsurface treatment wetland system were investigated from April 2003 to October 2003. Nitrogen(N) and phosphorous(P) concentrations in above-ground(AG) and below-ground(BG) tissues of reeds were examined and the removal rate of N and P by reeds were analyzed. The system, 29 m in length, 9 m in width and 0.65 m in depth, was constructed in June 2001 on a floodplain in the down reach of the Kwangju Stream in Korea in order to purify polluted water of the stream. A bottom layer of 45 cm in depth was filled with crushed granites(15~30 mm in diameter) and a middle layer of 10 cm in depth was filled with pea pebbles(10 mm in diameter). An upper layer of 5 cm contained course sand. Reeds were transplanted on the surface of the system, which were dug out of natural wetlands, and their shoots were trimmed 40 cm in height. The height and density of the shoots averaged 237.7 cm and 244.0 shoot/$m^2$, respectively, when the reeds grew fully. The maximum biomass of AG and BG tissues were 1,964 and 1,577 g/$m^2$, respectively, and the AG : BG ratio of biomass was 1.26. Mean AG and BG dry weights were recorded as 1,355 and 748 g/$m^2$, respectively. The AG and BG tissue concentrations of N averaged 12.37 and 10.01 mg/g, respectively, and those of P 2.37 and 2.03 mg/g, respectively. Inflow to the system averaged 40 $m^3$/day. The concentrations of total nitrogen(T-N) in influent and effluent were 8.4 mg/L and 3.2 mg/L, respectively, and those of total phosphorous(T-P) were 0.73 and 0.38 mg/L, respectively. The total removal of T-N and T-P by the system during the investigation period averaged 140.2 and 9.7 g/$m^2$, respectively, and the total uptake of N and P by the reeds were calculated as 24.39 and 4.73 g/$m^2$, respectively. Average removals of about 17% of N and about 49% of P by reeds were recorded. The N and P concentrations in AG tissues were significantly different among the three zones of the system:near to inflow(St1), in the middle of system(St2), and near to outflow(St3). The N and P concentrations in BG tissues were also significantly different among St1, St2 and St3. N and P concentrations in AG and BG tissues of reeds growing in St1 were higher than those in St2 and St3. The height and density of shoots of reeds in St1 were larger than those in St2 and St3. Significant amounts of N and P in the influent were taken up by reeds in St1.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.111-122
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• 2009

Abatements of TN and ${NO_3}^-$-N in a horizontal subsurface-flow wetland with litter layer on its surface were compared with those without one. The wetland was constructed in 2001 on floodplain of the Gwangju Stream which flows through Gwangju City in Korea. Its dimensions were 29m in length, 9m in width and 0.65m in depth. A bottom layer of 45cm was filled with crushed granites (15~40mm in diameter) and a middle layer of 10cm had pea pebbles. An upper layer of 5cm contained coarse sands. Reeds (Phragmites australis) growing in natural wetlands were transplanted on its surface. Water of the stream was channelled into the wetland by gravity flow and its effluent was discharged back into the stream. Average Litter layer of 12.2cm was formed on its surface in 2007. The layer and above-ground parts of reeds were eliminated in April 2008. Volumes and water quality of influent and effluent of the wetland were analyzed from May to November in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Inflow into the wetland both in 2007 and 2008 averaged approximately 40$m^3$/day and hydraulic residence time both in 2007 and 2008 was about 1.5days. Influent TN concentration in 2007 and 2008 averaged 3.96 and 3.89mg/L, respectively and average influent ${NO_3}^-$-N concentration in 2007 and 2008 was 2.11 and 2.05mg/L, respectively. With a 0.05 significance level, influent concentrations of TN and ${NO_3}^-$-N, temperatures and pH of effluent, and heights and stem numbers of reeds showed no difference between the wetland with litter layer and without one. TN retention in the wetland with litter layer and without one averaged 64,76 and 54.69%, respectively and ${NO_3}^-$-N removal averaged 60.83 and 50.61%, respectively. Both TN and ${NO_3}^-$-N abatement rates in the wetland with litter layer were significantly high (TN abatement: p<0,001, ${NO_3}^-$-N abatement: p=0.001) when compared with those without one. The subsurface-flow wetland having litter layer on its surface was more efficient for TN and ${NO_3}^-$-N removal.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.124-129
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• 2015

하천의 복원을 위한 기초자료로 사용하고자 인간의 간섭에 의한 훼손이 없거나 적은 10개의 자연하천을 군집생태학적 방법으로 조사하여 통계적으로 분석하였다. 그 결과 신갈나무군락과 소나무군락, 사시나무군락, 굴참나무군락, 산벚나무군락 등 총 29개의 식물군락으로 확인되었다. 하천식생은 계곡 계반림과 하변림으로 나누어졌다. 계곡 계반림은 경사가 급하고 물에 의한 영향이 적어 경목림이 우점하였고, 하변 연목림은 버드나무류로 대변되었다. 하천 선택시 자연성이 기준이 되어 인간의 간섭이 많은 하류보다 중 상류에 위치한 조사지가 많았고, 그에 따라 출현군락의 92%(44 plot)는 경목림이었고, 8%(4 plot)는 연목림이었다. 전층을 이용한 PCA 분석에서는 신갈나무군락 그룹과 산벚나무군락 그룹, 소나무군락 그룹, 산벚나무군락과 소나무군락 혼합 그룹, 기타군락 그룹으로 크게 5개의 그룹으로 나누어졌다. 교목층을 이용한 PCA 분석은 신갈나무군락 그룹, 산벚나무군락 그룹, 기타군락 그룹으로 크게 3개의 그룹으로 나누어졌다. 하천변에 출현한 식물군락은 경목림과 연목림으로 나누어졌으며, 이를 통해 하천제방권 및 고수위권은 신갈나무, 소나무, 사시나무, 굴참나무와 산벚나무 등의 종을 식재하는 것이 적합하고, 고수부지권 및 저수위권은 버드나무속 식물을 식재하는 것이 적합할 것으로 판단된다. 식재될 목본에 따른 초본의 선택은 통계분석에서 같은 그룹에 속해있고, 높은 빈도로 출현하는 종으로 하는 것이 적합하다고 판단된다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.327-341
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• 2021

수변생태벨트는 유역의 비점오염원을 저감시키고 생태적인 연결성과 건강성을 증진할 수 있는 효율적인 기법이다. 국내에서도 수변생태벨트 조성 및 관리를 위한 법적인 제도를 운영 중이나 비점오염물질 제어, 생물서식처 등 완충 기능에 유리한 하천, 호소 내의 홍수터는 제외되어 개선이 필요하다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 금강 수계 대청댐 유역을 대상으로 댐 호소의 소단위별로 댐 홍수터와 수변구역의 수질, 생태계 특성을 종합적으로 평가하는 통합형 수변생태벨트 적지 선정방안을 제시하고 분석하였다. 먼저 GIS로 대청댐 유역을 138개 소단위로 구분하고 홍수터와 인접한 수변구역을 분석하였다. 통합형 수변생태벨트 적지 선정에 영향을 미치는 생태계, 수질 영향 관련 16개의 평가인자를 선정하고 AHP분석으로 인자별 중요도에 대한 가중치를 설정하였다. 소단위에 제내·외지별, 인자별 가중치를 적용한 통합 평가를 실시하여 적지 우선 순위를 도출하였다. GIS 적지 분석을 통해 도출된 대상지들이 실제 조성에 적합한 지역인지 타당성을 판단하기 위해 5개 대상지에 대한 토지이용, 오염원, 생태적인 연계성 등에 대한 현장 검증을 시행한 결과 모든 대상지가 적정함을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 제시된 수변생태벨트 적지 분석 기법은 향후 통합적인 수변관리 정책 설정시 유용한 도구로써 적용될 수 있을 것이다. 단, 대상 댐별 특성과 현안에 따라 다양한 평가인자와 항목별 가중치 적용이 필요할 수 있다. 그리고 통합형 수변생태벨트 지역에 대해 그린-블루네트워크(Green-Blue Network) 측면을 고려한 세부적인 보전·복원방안 마련과 생태계서비스 측면의 평가 및 관련 법, 제도 측면의 상호 연계, 개선방안 등에 대해서도 추가적인 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다.