• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제3권6호
• /
• pp.389-400
• /
• 2006

This paper presents the investigations towards developing a better understanding on the contribution of steel fibers on the tensile strength of high-performance fiber reinforced concrete (HPFRC). An extensive experimentation was carried out with w/cm ratios ranging from 0.25 to 0.40 and fiber content ranging from zero to 1.5 percent with an aspect ratio of 80. For 32 concrete mixes, flexural and splitting tensile strengths were determined at 28 days. The influence of fiber content in terms of fiber reinforcing index on the flexural and splitting tensile strengths of HPFRC is presented. Based on the test results, mathematical models were developed using statistical methods to predict 28-day flexural and splitting tensile strengths of HPFRC for a wide range of w/cm ratios. The expressions, being developed with strength ratios and not with absolute values of strengths and are applicable to wide range of w/cm ratio and different sizes/shapes of specimens. Relationship between flexural and splitting tensile strengths has been developed using regression analysis and absolute variation of strength values obtained was within 3.85 percent. To examine the validity of the proposed model, the experimental results of previous researchers were compared with the values predicted by the model.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 2016

In this study, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) prediction models for flexural strength of the cement mortars have been developed. For purpose of constructing this models, 12 different mixes with 144 specimens of the 2, 7, 28 and 90 days flexural strength experimental results of cement mortars containing pure Portland cement (PC), blast furnace slag (BFS), waste tire rubber powder (WTRP) and BFS+WTRP used in training and testing for ANN and ANFIS were gathered from the standard cement tests. The data used in the ANN and ANFIS models are arranged in a format of four input parameters that cover the Portland cement, BFS, WTRP and age of samples and an output parameter which is flexural strength of cement mortars. The ANN and ANFIS models have produced notable excellent outputs with higher coefficients of determination of $R^2$, RMS and MAPE. For the testing of dataset, the $R^2$, RMS and MAPE values for the ANN model were 0.9892, 0.1715 and 0.0212, respectively. Furthermore, the $R^2$, RMS and MAPE values for the ANFIS model were 0.9831, 0.1947 and 0.0270, respectively. As a result, in the models, the training and testing results indicated that experimental data can be estimated to a superior close extent by the ANN and ANFIS models.

• KCI Concrete Journal
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.115-126
• /
• 1999

An analytical method based on the nonlinear layered finite element method is developed to simulate an overall load-deflection behavior of strengthened beams. The developed model distinguishes itself by its capability to trace residual flexural behavior of a beam after the fracture of brittle strengthening materials at peak load. The model. which uses a rather advanced numerical technique for iterative convergence to equilibrium, can be regarded as superior to the two models based on load control and displacement control The model predictions were compared with the experimental results and it was observed that there was good agreement between them.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.453-465
• /
• 2020

Influences of different variables that affect the effective flexural rigidity of reinforced concrete (RC) members are not considered in the most seismic codes. Furthermore, in the last decades, the application of steel fibers in concrete matrix designs has been increased, requiring development of an accurate analytical procedure to calculate the effective flexural rigidity of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) members. In this paper, first, a nonlinear analytical procedure is proposed to calculate the SFRC members' effective flexural rigidity. The proposed model's accuracy is confirmed by comparing the results obtained from nonlinear analysis with those recorded from the experimental testing. Then a parametric study is conducted to investigate the effects of different parameters such as varying axial load and steel fiber are then investigated through moment-curvature analysis of various SFRC (normal-strength concrete) sections. The obtained results show that increasing the steel fiber volume percentage increases the effective flexural rigidity. Also it's been indicated that the varying axial load affects the effective flexural rigidity. Lastly, proper equations are developed to estimate the effective flexural rigidity of SFRC members.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.175-186
• /
• 2013

본 연구에서는 Model Code 2010에 제시된 실험방법에 근거하여 설계강도 60MPa의 강섬유보강 콘크리트의 휨강도와 잔존강도, 휨인성을 평가하였다. 비교를 위하여 설계강도 40MP의 강섬유보강 콘크리트도 실험하였다. 또한, 배합의 평가를 위하여 파괴된 시험체의 파괴면을 육안으로 관찰하여 강섬유의 분산도를 평가하였다. 본 실험에서 사용된 강섬유는 형상비 64, 67 및 80의 국내산 후크 강섬유이다. 강섬유 혼입률은 체적에 대하여 0.5%로 동일하다. 실험결과, 설계강도 60MPa에서는 형상비가 큰 강섬유가 혼입된 강섬유보강 콘크리트만이 Model Code 2010에서 제시된 요구성능을 만족하는 것으로 나타났다. 고강도 콘크리트에서는 큰 형상비의 강섬유가 심대한 균열에서 충분한 인성을 확보하는데 기여할 수 있는 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 섬유의 고른 분산도 확보를 위해서는 낮은 슬럼프가 유리한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.77-84
• /
• 2021

이 연구에서는 속채움 콘크리트와 길이방향 철근으로 보강된 PHC 파일에 대한 휨실험을 수행하였으며, 실험의 주요 변수는 길이 방향 철근비와 PHC 파일 중공 내부 표면에 형성된 슬러지 유무로 설정하였다. 총 6개의 PHC 파일 실험체를 제작하였으며, 실험체들의 파괴모드, 균열패턴, 단면내 길이방향 변형률 분포, PHC 파일과 속채움 콘크리트 사이에 발생된 단부 슬립을 상세히 계측하고 분석하였다. 실험결과, 길이방향 철근비가 증가할수록 휨 강성 및 강도가 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, PHC 파일 내부 표면에 형성된 슬러지는 실험체의 휨성능에 큰 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 실험적 연구와 더불어 이 연구에서는 변형률 적합조건, PHC 파일과 속채움 콘크리트 단면내 변형률 및 응력 분포를 고려한 비선형 휨해석 모델을 제안하였으며, 해석결과를 실험결과와 비교하여 제안모델의 합리성을 검증하였다. 그 결과, 제안모델은 속채움 콘크리트와 길이방향 철근으로 보강된 PHC 파일의 휨거동을 매우 우수한 정확도로 평가하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.545-555
• /
• 2018

This study aimed to investigate the flexural behavior of precast concrete (PC) wall - steel shoe composite assemblies with various dry connection details at mid-span. Flexural tests were performed for five scenarios. Test parameters included the width of test specimens, arrangement of steel shoe connectors, and use of structural adhesive or waterproof tape at the mid-span joint. The test results showed that the PC wall - steel shoe composite assemblies joined at mid-span showed flexural damage patterns combined with rotational deformation, and the structural performance was satisfactory regardless of the arrangement of steel shoe connectors. Considering the two deformation components (flexural deformation by bending and rotational deformation due to joint opening), a theoretical model was proposed to analyze flexural strength and joint opening, and the simple model gave good predictions with acceptable accuracy.

• 전산구조공학
• /
• 제3권4호
• /
• pp.113-122
• /
• 1990

SFRC보의 휨 거동에 대한 이론적인 해석이 제시되었다. Critical region내의 곡률변화와 균열 양상이 고려되었으며 이를 위해 SFRC의 압축응력-변형도와 특히 SFRC의 인장 최대하중 후 응력-균열 열림관계(stress-crack opening relationship)로 표현된 인장 constitutive모델이 비선형 휨 해석에 이용되었다. 제시된 모델의 해석치는 실험치와 비교할 때 만족스러웠으며 이 모델을 이용, SFRC보의 휨 거동에 미치는 여러 영향들과 위험 단면(critical section)의 거동이 고찰되었다. 또한 단순 관찰과 통계적인 접근을 통해 SFRC보의 휨 거동에 큰 영향을 미치는 변수(parameters)들을 찾아내었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.515-524
• /
• 2008

In this paper the effect of prestressing force on the first flexural natural frequency of beams is studied. Finite element technique is used to model the beam-tendon system, and the prestressing force is applied in the form of initial tension in the tendon. It is shown that the effect of prestressing force on the first natural frequency depends on bonded and unbonded nature of the tendon, and also on the eccentricity of tendon. For the beams with bonded tendon, the prestressing force does not have any appreciable effect on the first flexural natural frequency. However, for the beams with unbonded tendon, the first natural frequency significantly changes with the prestressing force and eccentricity of the tendon. If the eccentricity of tendon is small, then the first natural frequency decreases with the prestressing force and if the eccentricity is large, then the first flexural natural frequency increases with the prestressing force. Results of the present study clearly indicate that the first natural frequency can not be used as an easy indicator for detecting the loss of prestressing force, as has been attempted in some of the past studies.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.607-642
• /
• 2015

The stress-strain relationship of concrete in flexure is one of the essential parameters in assessing the flexural strength and ductility of reinforced concrete (RC) columns. An overview of previous research studies revealed that the presence of strain gradient would affect the maximum concrete stress developed in flexure. However, no quantitative model was available to evaluate the strain gradient effect on concrete under flexure. Previously, the authors have conducted experimental studies to investigate the strain gradient effect on maximum concrete stress and respective strain and developed two strain-gradient-dependent factors k3 and ko for modifying the flexural concrete stress-strain curve. As a continued study, the authors herein will extend the investigation of strain gradient effects on flexural strength and ductility of RC columns to concrete strength up to 100 MPa by employing the strain-gradient-dependent concrete stress-strain curve using nonlinear moment-curvature analysis. It was evident from the results that both the flexural strength and ductility of RC columns are improved under strain gradient effect. Lastly, for practical engineering design purpose, a new equivalent rectangular concrete stress block incorporating the combined effects of strain gradient and concrete strength was proposed and validated. Design formulas and charts have also been presented for flexural strength and ductility of RC columns.