• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.248-262
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• 2009

This study is on the feasibility of use of glycoprotein in various areas such as cosmetics and food etc. by extracting, isolating and refining glycoprotein from carrots, red ginseng extract residue, sesame and pine needles using protease(pepsin) and by analyzing general characteristics and measuring various bioactivities. The results of analysis of nutritional composition showed protein contents of glycoprotein. In the analysis of constitutive amino acids, the ratio of contents of hydroxy proline and glycine, the characteristics of glycoproteins appeared similar and the contents of glutamic acid and aspartic acid appeared higher. As a result of measurement contents of total polyphenol and flavonoid, it showed that glycoprotein had more contents generally, and the effect of bioactivity of glycoprotein appeared higher although different kinds of glycoprotein showed a little DPPH radical and nitrite scavenging ability, total antioxidant capacity by ABTS, ACE inhibitory.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.86-91
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• 2004

This study has attempted to examine the antioxidative effect of ethanol extracts, and the analysis of amino acid and sugar of hot water extracts from Artemisia princeps, Artemisia argyi and Artemisia iwayomogi. Total phenol contents were 10.2 mg/$m\ell$, 4.7 mg/$m\ell$, and 7.0 mg/$m\ell$ in A. princeps, A. argyi and A. iwayomogi, respectively. Also, flavonoid contents were 6.1 mg%, 3.6 mg%, and 1.8 mg% in A. princeps, A. argyi and A. iwayomogi, respectively. Hot water extract from A. argyi showed highest electron donating ability toward DPPH. The contents of total amino acid by HPLC analysis were in the increasing order of A. princeps, A. argyi and A. iwayomogi. Of amino acid compositions, proline was largest in examined Artemisia sp.. The contents of total sugar by HPLC analysis were largest in A. iwayomogi. Of the sugar compositions, the glucose content was largest in examined all Artemisia sp., and the fructose content was in the increasing order of A. iwayomogi, A. argyi and A. princeps.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.335-340
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• 2016

The objective of the present investigation was to obtain vitamin, mineral, flavonoid, and polyphenol profiles of Rudbeckia laciniata (RL), and to examine the effects of extract of RL (RLE) on various physiological activities of HaCaT keratinocyte for the utilization of RL as natural raw materials to develop functional food. To accomplish this purpose, we checked the contents of the general nutrients of RL. The contents of vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$ and vitamin $B_2$ were $7.49{\mu}g/g$, $51.96{\mu}g/g$, and $132{\mu}g/g$ respectively, while vitamin C and vitamin $D_3$ were not detected. The contents of mineral such as Ca, K and Fe were 2.01 mg/g, 6.06 mg/g and 0.03 mg/g respectively. Total flavonoid contents of RLE were 0.25 mg/g, and total polyphenol were estimated as 1.43 mg/g. Because RL contains high levels of vitamin A which is associated with skin aging, we investigated the effect of RLE on physiological function of keratinocytes with respect to skin aging. We found that RLE significantly increased the growth rate of HaCaT cells and reduced ultraviolet radiation B (UVB)-induced cellular toxicity. Also, the extract of Rudbeckia laciniata attenuated the UVB-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in a dose-dependent manner in HaCaT cells. In addition, treatment with the extract dose-dependently increased migration activity of HaCaT cells. Thus, these findings indicated that RLE could regulate the physiological activity of keratinocytes, and may be used to develop functional foods.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.55-61
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• 2011

Objectives: Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS) are continuously produced at a high rate as a by-product of aerobic metabolism. Since tissue damage by free radical, ROS such as hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$), nitric oxide(NO) increases with age. Several lines of evidence provided that ROS appears to cause to develop aging-related various diseases such as cancer, arthritis, cardiovascular disease. In this study, we have conducted to investigate the pharmacological effects of red ginseng for the development possibility to pharmacopuncture drug sources or healthy aid foods. Methods: For our aims, it was investigated the biological activities of Red Ginseng ethanol extracts (RGEE) by measuring total polyphenol contents, total flavonoid contents, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity and cell viability of MCF 10A and SK-MEL-2 in vitro with MTT assay method. Results: The total polyphenol contents of RGEE was 3.06${\pm}$0.11mg/g in 10mg/ml, the total flavonoid contents of RGEE was 1.35${\pm}$0.01mg/g in same concentration. The ABTS radical scavenging activity was about 80% and that of DPPH activity was 65% in 50mg/ml of RGEE. The cell viability of SKMEL-2, skin cancer cell line was decreased and that of MCF 10A, skin normal cell line was increased. Conclusions: We conclude that RGEE may be useful as potential functional foods or pharmacopuncture drug sources on the diseases induced by oxidant stress.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 2021

Objective : This study was designed to investigate effect of immature fruits from Citrus unshiu Markovich to mature them on antioxidative and antiaging-related enzyme activities in vitro. Methods : Fruits from Open field-cultivated C. unshiu Markovich (ripe and unripe fruits of Citri) made a purchase in Jeju island. We measured total polyphenol and flavonoid contents in mature C. unshiu Markovich (MC) and immature C. unshiu Markovich (IMC) 70% ethanol extract. DPPH free radical, ABTS radical, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities in both extracts were determined. Also, reducing power, SOD-like activities, elastase inhibition, and collagenase inhibition activities of these extract were assayed at 5, 1, 0.5, and 0.1 mg/㎖. Results : The total polyphenol contents in the ethanol extract of IMC were higher than those of MC (26.99 ± 0.89 mg/TAEg). And total flavonoid contents in them were very similar to both extract (MC; 7.25 ± 0.4 mg/RUEg and IMC; 7.44 ± 0.18 mg/RUEg). DPPH free radical scavenging activities, ABTS radical scavenging capacity, reducing power, and SOD-like activities of IMC-treated group showed significant increase compared to those of MC group in all treated concentrations. Particularly, DPPH free radical scavenging and elastase inhibition activities in IMC-treated group at 5 mg/㎖ showed similar with positive control group. Besides, IMC extract at 5 mg/㎖ concentration surpassed positive control (BHA or Vit. C) in SOD-like activities and ABTS radical scavenging capacity. Conclusion : These results suggest that IMC ethanol extract may be used as a natural antioxidant and a antiaging material for development of functional foods and cosmeceuticals.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.150-154
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• 2022

This study examined the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract and fraction from Castanea crenata inner shell in vitro. Antioxidant activity was evaluated through total polyphenol and flavonoid contents and DPPH radical scavenging ability using electron spin resonance (ESR). The total polyphenol contents of the 70% ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction were 39.76 mg GAE/g and 323.92 mg GAE/g (p < 0.05). The total polyphenol contents of the ethyl acetate fraction were higher than other fractions. Furthermore, the total flavonoid contents of ethyl acetate were higher than other fractions at 13.12 mg QE/g (p < 0.05). In DPPH radical scavenging ability measurement, the RC₅₀ value of ethyl acetate was lower than ascorbic acid at 2.27 ㎍/mL (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this result showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of Castanea crenata inner shell 70% ethanol extract has high antioxidant activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.622-632
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• 2021

This study was conducted to find out the optimal solvent extraction method [Distilled water (DW), 70% ethanol, 99% ethanol] of mushrooms, including Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) Que, Pleurotus eryngii and Flammulina velutipes and improve their usability as natural antioxidants. To analyze antioxidant activities in each mushroom, total polyphenol, flavonoid contents, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) cation radical (ABTS⁺) and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) were measured. All mushrooms showed the highest total polyphenol contents in DW mushroom extract (p<0.001). Total flavonoid contents were the highest in P. eryngii and F. velutipes DW and 70% ethanol mushroom extracts (p<0.05). All mushrooms showed the highest activities using DPPH and FRAP assays in the DW extraction method (p<0.001). P. ostreatus (Jacq.) Que and P. eryngii showed the highest ABTS⁺ radical scavenging activity in the DW extraction method, and F. velutipes showed the highest activity in the 70% ethanol extraction method (p<0.001). As a result of comparing IC₅₀ values of DPPH and ABTS+ radicals and FRAP EC₅₀ values, the DW P. ostreatus (Jacq.) Que extract showed high antioxidant activities (p<0.001). Pearson's correlation between total polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities showed a positive correlation in all mushrooms (p<0.01). Therefore, extraction of the mushrooms with DW can enhance the extraction of effective bioactive substances and antioxidant activity.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.378-388
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• 2022

This study was conducted to determine the proximate compositions, nutritional components, and antioxidant effects of white and brown enoki mushrooms (Flammulina velutipes). The crude protein and carbohydrate contents were higher in the brown than white mushrooms, whereas the moisture, crude ash, crude lipid, and dietary fiber levels were lower. The mineral contents of the white mushroom was higher than levels obtained in the brown mushroom for the detected components (Ca, Cu, K, Mn, Na, and P). The amount of vitamin B₃ in the brown mushroom was 1.51 mg/100 g, which was 4.5 times higher than that in the white mushroom. The major fatty acids detected were palmitic acid, linoleic acid, and α-linolenic acid. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were highest in 70% ethanol extracts of the white and brown mushrooms, respectively. For the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, a 70% methanol extract of the white enoki mushrooms showed an activity of 76.4% (p<0.05). For the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity, a 70% methanol extract of the brown enoki mushrooms showed the highest value. Further, the total flavonoid contents were significantly correlated with the DPPH and FRAP activities.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

Objectives : Herbal medicinal mixture (JMB) are consisted of Caryophylli Flos, Aucklandiae Radix and Angelicae Dahuricae Radix. Each of herbal medicines has studied on anti-oxidant effect. So this study was conducted to investigate efficacy and potency of JMB on anti-oxidation. Methods : The JMB was extracted at room temperature by 80% ethanol. And total polyphenol contents, total flavonoid contents in JMB ethanol extract were determined by colorimetric method. Also, DPPH, ABTS free radical scavenging capacity and reducing power of JMB ethanol extract were measured at 100, 500, 1000, $5000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentrations by spectrometric assay. Positive control was used BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole). Results : The total polyphenol contents and total flavonoid contents of the extract were 55.38 mg/TAEg, 513.72 mg/RUEg, respectively. Also, DPPH free radical scavenging capacity and reducing power of JMB ethanol extract in treated concentrations (100, 500, 1000, $5000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) increased dose dependently. In particular, DPPH free radical scavenging capacity of JMB ethanol extract at 500, 1000, $5000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ was similar to positive control (BHA) at high concentration (50, $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$). ABTS free radical scavenging capacity of JMB ethanol extract at 500, 1000, 5000 ug/ml was similar to BHA at high concentration (50, $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$). Also, reducing power was showed that JMB ethanol extract at $5000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ was similar to BHA at high concentration (50, $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$). Conclusions : These results suggest that JMB ethanol extract has effects to scavenge free radicals. Therefore, JMB has potential and applicable benefits for development of materials and products to have anti-oxidation functions.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.19-26
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• 2023

Objectives : Agrimoniae Herba is a herbal medicine widely distributed in Asia and contains flavonoids including catechin, quercitrin, rutin, hyperoside, and quercetin. This study aimed to investigate the anti-oxidant activity and skin barrier function of different solvent fractions (Hexane; methylene chloride, MC; ethyl acetate, EA; n-butanol, Bu; Water) obtained from Agrimoniae Herba. Methods : Anti-oxidant activity of different solvent fractions obtained from Agrimoniae Herba was investigated through total polyphenol contents, total flavonoid contents, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity measurements. Then, filament aggregating protein (Filaggrin), Type I collagen, ceramide synthase (CERS) 3, and CERS4 were analyzed to evaluate the skin barrier strengthening effect of different solvent fractions obtained from Agrimoniae Herba on UVB-stimulated HaCaT cells. Results : As a result of measuring total polyphenol contents, total flavonoid contents, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, and ABTS radical scavenging activity, antioxidant activity was found to be excellent in the order of EA > Bu > MC > Hexane > Water. As a result of measuring mRNA gene expression of Type I collagen, Filaggrin, CERS3, and CERS4 after UVB-stimulated was applied to HaCaT cells treated with different solvent fractions obtained from Agrimoniae Herba, it was found to increase significantly in the Bu-treated group. Conclusion : Our findings show that the Bu sample obtained from Agrimoniae Herba has excellent anti-oxidant ability, which increases Type I collagen, Filaggrin, and ceramide synthetase in UVB-stimulated HaCaT cells to control the skin barrier improvement effect.