• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.85-91
• /
• 2013

The machinability of wear-resistible tungsten carbides and the tool wear behavior in machining of V30 and V50 tungsten carbides using PCD (Poly Crystalline Diamond) cutting tool was investigated to understand machining characteristics. This material is one of the difficult-to-cut materials in present, but their usage has been already broadened to every commercial applications such as mining tools, and impact resistant tools etc. Summary of the results are as follows. (1) Tool wear progression of PCD tools in turning of wear-resistible tungsten carbides were observed specially fast in primary cutting distance within 10m. (2) Three components of cutting resistance in this research were different in balance from the ordinary cutting such as that cutting of steel or cast iron. Those were expressed large value by order of thrust force, principal force, feed force. (3) If presume from viewpoint of high efficient cutting within this research, a proper cutting speed was 15m/min and a proper feed rate was 0.1mm/rev. In this case, it was found that the tool life of PCD tool was cutting distance until 230m approximately. (4) In cutting of wear-resistible tungsten carbides such as V30 and V50, it was recognized that the tool wear rate of V30 was very fast as compared with V50. (5) When the depth of cut was 0.1mm, there was no influence of the feed rate on the feed force. And the feed force tended to decrease as the cutting distance was long, because the tool was worn and the tool edge retreated. (6) It was observed that the tungsten carbides were adhered to the flank.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.154-159
• /
• 1987

In the previously reported Part I, the behavior of the flank wear for carbide tool was studied as a preceeding step to present a simple method for Quick Tool-Life Testing, and the following general equation was obtained $W_{f}$ =(a+bt) $V^{m}$ . In this study the following step-cutting formula for the constants a, b and m in the above general model is derived by using step-cutting data [a numerical formula] To check the validity of the above formula, the comparison is made between the tool-life equation inferred in this method and that inferred in the conventional tool-life testing method, when the wear criterion is 0.3mm. The equation obtained in the present method is V(T')$^{0.57}$=1763 whereas the equation obtained in the conventional tool-life testing method is V(T)$^{0.56}$=1605 The results of the above two formula are satisfactory and also verify the validity of the present research.earch.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.365-370
• /
• 2014

The intrinsic concepts of the three yin and three yang diseases in is unclear yet in spite of considerable controversy. In order to answer these problems, the structures of pathological transmission and anatomical terms used in the text were analyzed first. On these structural bases, the theoretical background and differential therapeutic principles of three yin and three yang disease classification. The organic structures frequently used in the text were heart, stomach, pancreas, blood chamber and urinary bladder, and the important regions in the transmission were chest, flank, epigastrium, abdomen, hypogastrium, groin on the other hand. When a host is invaded by extrinsic pathogen, an affinity is formed between the two based on the similarity of epidermal density condition and nutrient-defense features and existing disorders in the body. And then the symptoms show in 3 stages with 6 patterns in the general infective diseases. The initial stage is the period that the syndrome is limited in the external flesh area, and it mainly corresponds with taiyang bing besides the other exterior patterns of 3 yang and 2 yin bing. The middle stage is to the climax after the end of initial stage and it corresponds with mainly yangming bing including shaoyang and taiyin bing. In the terminal stage, the host gradually falls into exhaustive step or recovery phase, corresponding with shaoyin and jueyin bing. Conclusively, these dual meanings of three yang and yin should be a first guide and principle of treatment against various infective diseases.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.239-243
• /
• 2004

Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis(APSGN) is the most common form of postinfectious glomerulonephritis, and acute pyelonephritis(APN) is the most severe form of urinary tract infection in childhood. However, the concurrence of two diseases is uncommon in the literature. We describe a case of APSGN accompanied with APN in a 5-year-old female who presented with fever, left flank pain, headache and facial edema. Urinalysis showed pyuria, microscopic hematuria, and mild proteinulra. Serial urine cultures grew Escherichia coli. ${^99m}$Tc-DMSA renal scan revealed a cortical defect in the upper pole of left kidney. She had a history of preceding pharyngitis, in addition, showed high blood pressure, high anti-streptolysin 0 titer, and low serum complement levels. The patient improved completely with supportive treatment, Including antibiotic and antihypertensive therapy. These findings suggested that APSGN and APN could be manifested simultaneously or be .superimposed on each other.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.108-114
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness measured by ultrasonography (US) and serum lipid profile and liver transaminases in obese children. Methods: One hundred and sixty-six children diagnosed with obesity from May 2001 to December 2013 were included in this study. Data on serum lipid profile and liver transaminases were collected from clinical records. Abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness and grade of hepatic steatosis were evaluated by US. Results: Of the 166 children, 107 were diagnosed with hepatic steatosis by US, 46 with grade I, 56 with grade II, and five children with grade III. According to the grade of hepatic steasosis, the average values of midline abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness and right flank abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness measured $2.9{\pm}0.8cm$ and $1.9{\pm}0.7cm$ in the normal group, $3.3{\pm}0.8cm$ and $2.0{\pm}0.7cm$ in grade I, $3.8{\pm}0.8cm$ and $2.3{\pm}0.8cm$ in grade II, and $4.1{\pm}0.8cm$ and $2.8{\pm}1.4cm$ in grade III, respectively. Abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness correlated with grade of hepatic steatosis (p<0.01). In addition, abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness correlated with concentration of serum lipids and liver transaminases in the age group of 12-14 years (p<0.01). Conclusion: Abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness measured by US can be used as a reliable predictor of possible hyperlipidemia and steatohepatitis in children, especially during the adolescent stage.

• 한국지구과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2005.09a
• /
• pp.136-141
• /
• 2005

The K Ar ages, whole rock geochemistry and Sr Nd Pb isotopes have been determined for the submarine basalts dredged from the P2 and P3 segments of the Antarctic-Phoenix Ridge (APR), Drake Passage, Antarctica, for better understanding on temporal variation of magma chemistry in association with extinction of seafloor spreading. The fossilized APR is distant from the known hot spots, and consists of older N-MORB prior to extinction of spreading and younger E-MORB after extinction. The older N-MORB (3.5-6.4 Ma) occur in the southeast flank of the P3 segment (PR3) and the younger E-MORB (1.4-3.1 Ma) comprise a huge seamount at the P3 segment (SPR) and a big volcanic edifice at the P2 segment (PR2). The N-type PR3 basalts have higher Mg#, K/Ba, and CaO/Al2O3 and lower Zr/Y, Sr, and Na8.0 with slight enrichment in incompatible elements and almost flat REE patterns. The E-type SPR and PR2 basalts are highly enriched in incompatible elements and LREE. The extinction of spreading occurring at 3.3 Ma seems to have led to a temporal magma oversupply with E-MORB signatures. Geochemical signatures such as Ba/TiO2, Ba/La, and Sm/La suggest heterogeneity of upper mantle and formation of E-MORB by higher contribution of enriched materials to mantle melting, compared to N-MORB environment. E-MORB magmas beneath the APR seem to have been produced by low melting degree (up to 1% or more) at deeper low-temperature regime, where metasomatized veins consisting of pyroxenites have preferentially participated in the melting. The occurrence of E-MORB at the APR is a good example to better understand what kinds of magmatism would occur in association with extinction of spreading.

• Herbal Formula Science
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.203-211
• /
• 2004

Hypochondriac pain include pain in one or both side costa portion and lateral abdomen. There are different kinds of flank-related disease such as Hepatitis, cholecystitis, pleuritis, intercostal nerve pain and so on. Hypochondriac pain due to Phlegm Retention arises from pathological abnormal activities. In oriental medicine, Retention of Phlegm and Fluid is a morbid condition due to fluid retention in the stomach and intestines, and Gungha-tang used to treat the disease diagnosed as Retention of Phlegm and Fluid. So, we decided to apply Gungha-tang-gamibang to a patient who suffered from hypochondriac pain diagnosed as Retention of Phlegm and Fluid. Therefore the patient treated with Gungha-tang-gamibang and improved in consciousness symptoms, so we report it for the better treatment.

• Development and Reproduction
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.11-17
• /
• 2004

The larvae and juvenile development of haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus which is significant commercial fish living north Atlantic Ocean are described here. Larvae were reared in laboratory and sampled periodically for developmental study until 67 days after hatching. An increase in total length(TL) of fish indicated continuous growth, described by the growth expression Y=4.07 $e^{0.037}$( $R^{2}$=0.9978). The newly hatched pre-larvae was 4.9 mm in TL with ellipsoid yolk. In 16 days after hatching, larvae attained 6.8 mm in TL, and absorbed the yolk completely to become post-larval stage, but first heterotrophic food could be in 7 days after hatching already. Post-larval stage continued during 16~52 days after hatching with development of organs attachment. In 61 days after hatching with 41.3 mm in TL, the fries became a juvenile stage respectively having small teed lateral line, and a black blotch on the flank same as adults, but chin barbel was not developed yet. It was presumed that haddock changed food and ecological behavior after metamorphosis ken this time.e.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.185-188
• /
• 2016

The $12^{th}$ rib syndrome is a disease that causes pain between the upper abdomen and the lower chest. It is assumed that the impinging on the nerves between the ribs causes pain in the lower chest, upper abdomen, and flank. A 74-year-old female patient visited a pain clinic complaining of pain in her back, and left chest wall at a 7 on the 0-10 Numeric Rating scale (NRS). She had a lateral fixation at T12-L2, 6 years earlier. After the operation, she had multiple osteoporotic compression fractures. When the spine was bent, the patient complained about a sharp pain in the left mid-axillary line and radiating pain toward the abdomen. On physical examination, the $10^{th}$ rib was not felt, and an image of the rib-cage confirmed that the left $10^{th}$ rib was severed. When applying pressure from the legs to the $9^{th}$ rib of the patient, pain was reproduced. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with $9^{th}$ rib syndrome, and ultrasound-guided $9^{th}$ and $10^{th}$ intercostal nerve blocks were performed around the tips of the severed $10^{th}$ rib. In addition, local anesthetics with triamcinolone were administered into the muscles beneath the $9^{th}$ rib at the point of the greatest tenderness. The patient's pain was reduced to NRS 2 point. In this case, it is suspected that the patient had a partial resection of the left $10^{th}$ rib in the past, and subsequent compression fractures at T8 and T9 led to the deformation of the rib cage, causing the tip of the remaining $10^{th}$ rib to impinge on the $9^{th}$ intercostal nerves, causing pain.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.141-145
• /
• 2011

Seven male Himalayan tahrs were strongly assumed to have accidently fed on foreign bodies in 2007. At the time, zoo caretakers witnessed missing fence padding, such as carpet, plastic awning, and ropes. The incident occurred the morning after the items had been set up to protect indigenous, wild long-tailed gorals from self injury caused by head butting the steel fence. Adult male Himalayan tahrs were obviously suspected of mostly eating the paddings mainly composed of carpet, thin and long plastic awning, and ropes. Even though they had not shown digestive problems, surgery was determined necessary in order to remove any indigestible foreign bodies. Left flank rumenotomy was conducted on seven male Himalayan tahrs from April to May, 2011. After anesthesia with xylazine, rumenotomy was performed on a concrete floor, with legs and head secured by ropes. No access to water and hay prior to operation for two days was needed to make the surgical procedure done quickly. Two sheets of small hand towels protecting against inflow of ruminal contents were beneficial during surgery. Antibiotics were administered intramuscularly for seven days. No abscesses at the surgical site were found after surgery. Like domestic ruminants, wild ruminants also ingest metalic or non-metalic, indigestible foreign bodies by accident. Therefore, simplified rumenotomy must be developed to apply to those wild animals to lengthen their longevity and to advance the quality of life in captivity. This case report is the first showing how to perform rumenotomy of Himalayan tahr, a wild ruminant, in Korea.