• Title/Summary/Keyword: Flame retardancy

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Mechanical Properties and Flame Retardancy of Rigid Polyurethane Foam Using New Phosphorus Flame Retardant (새로운 인계 난연제 합성과 이를 이용한 경질 폴리우레탄 폼의 난연성 및 물성 분석)

  • Lee, Byoung Jun;Kim, Sang Bum
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.27 no.6
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    • pp.577-582
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    • 2016
  • In this study, we compared and analyzed the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of three different rigid polyurethane foams (RPUF) containing noble non-halogen phosphorus flame retardant (BHP-RPUF) or halogen-phosphorus flame retardant (TCPP-RPUF) or no flame retardant material (Pure-RPUF). The noble phosphorus-based flame retardant, bis(3-(3-hydroxypropoxy)propyl) phenyl phosphate (BHP), was synthesized by the reaction between disodium phenyl phosphate and 3-chloro-1-propanol. Through universal testing machine (UTM) experiments, the compressive strength of BHP-RPUF was similar to that of TCPP-RPUF. From the result of foam morphology analysis, it was confirmed that BHP-RPUF has the lowest thermal conductivity of $0.023W/m{\cdot}K$. We also measured the size of air bubbles using reaction velocity and SEM, and analyzed how they affect the thermal conductivity. In addition, the heat-resisting property was investigated through TGA analysis. The limited oxygen index (LOI) test confirmed that BHP had the ability to increase the flame retardancy of RPUF.

A Study on the Improvement of Flame Retardancy of Polylactide for Construction Materials (건축자재용 폴리락타이드의 난연성 향상에 관한 연구)

  • Cha, Sang-Ho
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.113-119
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    • 2021
  • Polymers are widely applied to construction materials due to their lightweight and excellent mechanical properties. However, owing to the combustible properties, polymers are one of the biggest reason of spreading large fires in fire accidents that occur frequently in the construction industry. Therefore, as a solution to this problem, many research has been conducted to impart flame retardancy by incorporating flame retardants to polymer matrix. Among these flame retardants, organic phosphorus-containing flame retardants have been attracting much attention because they have excellent compatibility with polymer matrix and low toxicity compared with halogen or inorganic-containing flame retardants. Accordingly, this study aims to design and synthesize an alkoxyamine-based organic phosphorus flame retardant to improve flame retardancy of polylactide which is an eco-friendly polymer used for construction materials.

Flame Retardant Finish of Polyester Fabrics by Corona Discharge (Corona 방전을 이용한 폴리에스테르 직물의 방염가공)

  • Ju, Yi Jung;Pak, Pyong Ki;Kim, Hwan Chul
    • Textile Coloration and Finishing
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    • v.8 no.6
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    • pp.65-72
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    • 1996
  • Polyester(PET) fabrics were treated by corona discharge equipment with the small amount of flame retardants to enhance flame retardancy. The surface properties of corona discharged fabrics were investigated using water penetration time, SEM, ESCA, and TGA. When corona discharge was applied to PET fabrics, the flame retardants were evenly distributed. As a result, the oxygen-containing functional groups were produced, and the LOI value increased. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the flame retardancy was operative by gas-phase mechanism.

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Preparation and Flame-Retardant Optimization of PU Coatings Using Chlorine-Containing Modified Polyester/IPDI- Isocyanurate

  • You, Hyuk-Jae;Shim, Il-Woo;Jo, Hye-Jin;Park, Hong-Soo;Kim, Seung-Jin;Kim, Young-Geun
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2005
  • Chlorine-containing modified polyester polyols were synthesized by two-step condensation reactions. Intermediate was synthesized by the esterification of monochloroacetic acid with trimethylolpropane in the first step. Polycondensation of the intermediate (MCAOs), 1,4-butanediol, and trimethylolpropane with adipic acid was carried out. Two-component polyurethane (PU) coatings were prepared by blending MCAOs and IPDI-isocyanurate. There new flame-retardant coatings showed various properties comparable to other non-flame-retardant coatings. They were superior to flammable coatings from the experimental results showing rapid and 10 to 13 hours of pot-life. Coatings with 30wt% monochloroacetic acid was not flammable by the vertical flame retardancy test.

A Review of Flame Retarding Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) Fibers and Composites (난연성 폴리아크릴로니트릴 고분자 섬유 및 복합소재 연구 동향)

  • Kim, Jongho;Ku, Bon-Cheol
    • Composites Research
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    • v.32 no.6
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    • pp.342-348
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    • 2019
  • Development of flame retarding polymer based materials has been studied actively due to the increase in use of polymers. The post treatment of manufactured fibers or the introduction of flame retardant into fibers is representative method for the way to improve the flame retardancy. Among the polymers, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), which is a precursor of carbon fiber, has been widely used for clothes. Due to low flame retardancy of PAN fiber (LOI value: 17~18%), the improvement of flame retardancy of PAN fiber is needed. In this review paper, we report preparation methods for the fabrication of post-treated (oxidization or chemical reaction) flame-retarding PAN fibers and composites composed of PAN and organic/inorganic materials (SiO2, 2D materials or CNT).

Preparation of Mg(OH)2-Melamine Core-Shell Particle and Its Flame Retardant Property (멜라민이 코팅된 수산화마그네슘 입자의 제조와 그 복합입자의 난연특성)

  • Lim, Hyung-Mi;Yoon, Joon-Ho;Jeong, Sang-Ok;Lee, Dong-Jin;Lee, Seung-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.20 no.12
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    • pp.691-698
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    • 2010
  • Magnesium hydroxide-melamine core-shell particles were prepared through the coating of melamine monomer on the surface of magnesium hydroxide in the presence of phosphoric acid. The melamine monomer was dissolved in hot water but recrystallized on the surface of magnesium hydroxide by quenching to room temperature in the presence of phosphoric acid. The core-shell particle was applied to low-density polyethylene/ ethylene vinyl acetate (LDPE/EVA) resin by melt-compounding at $180^{\circ}C$ as flame retardant. The effect of magnesium hydroxide and melamine content has been studied on the flame retardancy of the core-shell particles in LDPE/EVA resin according to the preparation process and purity of magnesium hydroxide. Magnesium hydroxide prepared with sodium hydroxide rather than with ammonia solution revealed higher flame retardancy in core-shell particles with LDPE/EVA resin. At 50 wt% loading of flame retardant, core-shell particles revealed higher flame retardancy compared to that of the exclusive magnesium hydroxide in LDPE/EVA composite, and it was possible to satisfy the V0 grade in the UL-94 vertical test. The synergistic flame retardant effect of magnesium hydroxide and melamine core-shell particles was explained as being due to the endothermic decomposition of magnesium hydroxide and melamine, which was followed by the evolution of water from the magnesium hydroxide and porous char formation due to reactive nitrogen compounds, and carbon dioxide generated from melamine.

Flame Retardancy and Physical Properties of Flame-Retardant PU Coatings Containing Aliphatic and Aromatic Isocyanates (지방족 및 방향족 이소시아네이트를 함유하는 PU 난연도료의 도막물성과 난연성 비교)

  • Kim, Sung-Rae;Park, Hyong-Jin;Hahm, Hyun-Sik;Hwang, Yong-Hyun;Park, Hong-Soo
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.25-32
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    • 2002
  • Two PU flame-retardant coatings, 2,3-DBPO/N-l00 (DBPON) and 2,3-DBPO/IL (DBPOI), were prepared by curing 2,3-dibromo modified polyester (2,3-DBPO) with isocyanate curing agent Desmodur N-l00 (or Desmodur IL) at room temperature. The physical properties and flame-retardancy of the two coatings were tested and compared. As a result, the pot-life, yellowness index, lightness index difference, $60^{\circ}$ specular gloss, cross-hatch adhesion, viscosity, and accelerated weathering resistance of DBPON were better than those of DBPOI; the fineness of grind of the two coatings were the same; and the drying time, hardness, and abrasion resistance of DBPOI were better than those of DBPON. The flame retardancy of the flame-retardant coatings increased with the content of the flame retarding component, 2,3-dibromopropanoic acid (2,3-DBP); and the LOI values of the two coatings were in a range of $27{\sim}29%$ when the content of 2,3-DBP was 30wt%.

Study on Mechanical Properties and Flame Retardancy of Polypropylene Based Self-reinforced Composites (폴리프로필렌 기반 자기강화 복합재료의 기계적물성 및 난연성 연구)

  • Lee, Dong-Woo;Park, Seung-Bhin;Song, Jung-Il
    • Composites Research
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.223-228
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    • 2017
  • The article explains about development of flame retardant self-reinforced composites (FR-SRC) through compression molding technique by utilizing Polypropylene (PP), Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and chitosan. The effect of APP and chitosan on mechanical, thermal and flame retardant properties in FR-SRC were studied. The mechanical strength of FR-SRC is enhanced than Pure SRC. However, the strength is decreased significantly with increasing the concentration of both flame retardant fillers. But comparison, chitosan filled FR-SRC is stronger than APP filled FR-SRC. In case of flame retardancy, APP is more effective than chitosan. These results can be applicable to provide light weight and recyclable flame retardant self-reinforced composites for automobile and packaging industries, etc.

Synthesis of Cyclotriphosphazene Derivatives for Flame Retardants (Cyclotriphosphazene을 이용한 난연제의 합성)

  • Kim, Hae Young;Shin, Young Jae;Ji, Young Jon;Shin, Jae Sup
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.144-149
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    • 2006
  • Non-halogen flame retardants have been the focus of extensive research because of environmental problems. Hexakisp-henoxycyclotriphosphazene was synthesized in order to use as the flame retardant of ABS resin. And using bisphenol A, the polymers containing a cyclotriphosphazene structure were synthesized in order to also use as the flame retardant of ABS resin. All of the synthesized polymers themselves had the excellent flame retardancy. And as their molecular weight and crosslinking density were increased, the thermal stability was increased. But when the synthesized compounds were used as the flame retardant for ABS resin, the lower molecular weight compound in these compounds showed the better flame retardancy and the better physical properties of ABS resin.

Flame Retardant Properties of Cotton Fiber with Phosphoric/citric Acid Catalysts and TiO2 (인산/구연산 복합 산촉매 및 이산화티타늄을 적용한 면섬유의 난연 특성)

  • Yang, Heejin;Kim, Samsoo;Lee, Sangoh;Lee, Jaewoong
    • Textile Coloration and Finishing
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.238-249
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    • 2021
  • In this study, the effect on flame retardancy and various physical properties when TiO2 was added with a citric acid/phosphate complex acid catalyst together with Pyrovatex CP new (N-methylol dimethylphosphonopropionamide), a phosphorus-based flame retardant, was studied on cotton fibers. SEM-EDS analysis was performed to confirm the surface characteristics and surface element analysis of the flame-retardant treated cotton fibers, and a vertical carbonization test was performed to confirm the char formation capability and flame retardancy according to the phosphoric acid ratio. By comparing the LOI index before and after washing 10 times, the washing durability of the flame retardant solution containing the phosphoric acid catalyst and TiO2 was tested by LOI index after ten washing cycles. In addition, the influence of the flame-retardant processing on the physical properties were compared including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), tear strength and whiteness.