• 한국안전학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 1986

To remove sulfur dioxide from flue gas by the method of metal oxide, copper powder of average diameter $2.4\mu\textrm{m}$and $51\mu\textrm{m}$ were used in a fixed bed reactor over a, temperature range of $300^{\circ}C-500^{\circ}C$. Copper oxide reacts with sulfur dioxide producing cupric sulfate and it can be regenerated from the latter by using hydrogen or methane. Experimental results showed that the reaction rate was increased by the increase of reaction temperature in the range of $300^{\circ}C-422^{\circ}C$ and the removal efficiency of sulfur dioxide was high in case of small size copper particle. However the removal efficiency was decreased at higher temperature due to decomposition of cupric sulfate. The rate controlling step of this reaction was chemical reaction and deactivating catalysts model can be applied to this reaction. The rate constants for this reaction and deactivation are as follows ： k＝8,367exp(-10,298/RT) Kd＝2.23exp(-8,485/RT)

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.77-84
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• 1995

To prevent or reduce air pollutant from methanol fueled vehicles, methanol oxidation reaction was carried out using a heteropoly acid catalysts. Catalytic activities of catalysts have been experimented at atmospheric pressure in a fixed bed flow reactor. Catalysts were characterized by XRD, IR, thermal analysis, N $H_{3}$-TPD and GC pulse technique. Acidities of catalysts were highly affected by poly-atoms. Methanol conversion was much higher on catalyst with W than on catalyst with Mo as a poly-atoms. With the increase of copper content(X) in C $u_{x}$ $H_{{3-2x}}$PMo catalyst, acidity was decreased and oxidation ability was increased. Methanol conversion and product distribution were affected by the acidity and oxidation ability of catalyst. Especially, supported PdSiW(1wt%) catalyst has a very good methanol conversion and C $O_{2}$ selectivity as high as a commertial 3-way catalyst.t.

• 에너지공학
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.298-302
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• 2011

In this study, Catalytic reforming with vapor and biomass gasification was simultaneously performed in a same fixed bed reactor at $600-800^{\circ}C$. Light gases were produced from reformation of the tar (fuel gases) in biomass gasification by using limonite and dolomite, as catalysts. Hydrogen and carbon dioxide are main components in light gases. Hydrogen yields increased with temperature increasing in the range of $650-800^{\circ}C$, because the water shift reaction was promoted by catalyst. The yield of hydrogen gas was increased about 160% under catalyst with the mixture of limonite and dolomite comparing to limonite only.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.515-521
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• 2004

The catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds (methanol. acetaldehyde) has been characterized using the copper phthalocyanine catalyst in a fixed bed flow reactor under atmospheric pressure. The catalytic activity for pretreatment conditions was examined by this reaction system. The catalytic activity was ordered as follows: metal free-PC＜Cu ($\alpha$)-PC＜Cu ($\beta$)-PC The formaldehyde, carbon monoxide as a partial oxidation product of methanol and acetaldehyde over Cu ($\alpha$)-PC catalyst were detected and the conversions of methanol and acetaldehyde were accomplished above 95% over Cu ($\alpha$) -PC, Cu ($\beta$) - PC catalyst at 35$0^{\circ}C$. The pretreated metal free -PC, Cu($\alpha$)-PC, Cu($\beta$)-PC catalysts have been characterised by TGA, EA and XRD analysis. The catalytic activity pretreated with air and $CH_3$OH mixture (P-4) or air only (P-5) was very excellent. XRD and EA results showed that Cu($\alpha$)-PC, Cu($\beta$)-PC were destroyed an(1 new metal oxide such as CuO were formed.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.83-89
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• 1994

The reaction of sulfur dioxide with cupric oxide was investigated over a temperature range of 300-50$0^{\circ}C$, and the regenaration reaction was studied using cupric sulfate and hydrogen over a temperature range of 240-35$0^{\circ}C$ in a fixed bed reactor. The experimental results showed that the efficiencies for elimination and regenaration reactions were maximum at 45$0^{\circ}C$ and at 30$0^{\circ}C$ respectively. In both cases the experimental data could be interpreted properly by shrinking unreacted core model while the chemical reaction is rate controlling step. The reaction rate constants were determined to be 24.88 exp(-6724/RT) (cm/min) for elimination reaction, and 0.0165 exp(-2047/RT)(cm/min ) for regeneration reaction.

• 에너지공학
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.40-48
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• 2001

디젤엔진에 적합한 환경 친화적 연료로 평가받고 있는 디메틸에테르(DME)를 기존의 메탄올 탈수화에 의한 간접법 대신 합성 가스로부터 직접 합성법으로 제조하였다. 합성가스에서 메탄올을 합성하는 경우에 비해 화학 평형 상의 이점 때문에 DME를 합성하는 것이 경제적이며 이는 실험 결과와 일치하였다. 기상 반응기에서 메탄올 탈수촉매의 부가에 의한 메탄올 환산 생산량은 메탄올 합성촉매에 의한 생산량에 비해 두 배 이상의 증가를 보인다. 메탄올 탈수촉매를 Cu로 개질한 효과는 없었으며, 메탄올 탈수촉매로서 순수 감마알루미나가 가장 우수한 반응성을 보였다. 반응 조건이 25$0^{\circ}C$, 30atm일 때 고려된 GHSV 범위에서 촉매 적정 혼합비는 7:3, 합성 가스의 조성비는 $H_2$/CO=1일 때 가장 좋은 선택도와 수율을 나타내었다.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2009

Upgrading of pyrolysis wax oil using HZSM-5 catalyst has been conducted in a continuous fixed bed reactor at $450^{\circ}C$, 1hour, LHSV 3.5/h. The catalytic degradation was studied with a function of catalyst amount and reaction temperature. The raw pyrolysis wax oil shows relatively high boiling point distribution ranging from around $300^{\circ}C$ to $550^{\circ}C$, which has considerably higher boiling point distribution than that of commercial diesel. The catalytic degradation using HZSM-5 catalyst shows the high conversion of pyrolysis wax oil to light hydrocarbons. The liquid product obtained shows high gasoline range fraction as around 90% fraction and considerably high aromatic fraction in liquid product. Here, the experimental variable such as catalyst amount and reaction temperature was influenced on the product distribution.

• 청정기술
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.96-101
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• 2015

수소를 환원제로 사용한 산화철의 유동 환원에서, 환원율에 대한 다양한 공정 변수를 통해 산화철의 하나인 적철광의 환원 거동을 면밀히 관찰하였다. 본 연구를 위해 특별히 설계된 실험실 규모의 유동층 장치에서 목적으로 하는 환원 특성에 대한 가스 속도, 환원 시간 및 온도의 최적 값을 평가 하였다. 최적의 환원율을 나타낸 온도는 750 ℃, 환원 시간은 30분이며 이들을 다음의 시험을 위한 시작점으로 매개 변수 값을 설정 하였다. 가장 높은 관심을 갖는 변수들 중 하나는 가스의 소비 원단 위로, 이는 최적의 조건에서 산화철 1톤을 기준하여 90% 이상의 환원율을 달성하기 위해 요구되는 가스의 양을 말한다. 이 매개 변수는 실험실 수준 장치의 스케일 엎에 있어서 중요한 인자이며, 본 연구를 통해 1,500 Nm³/ton-ore가 산화철이 가장 높은 환원율을 갖기 위한 최적의 가스 소비 원단위 임을 확인하였다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.419-428
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• 2020

The kinetics of direct methanation over activated charcoal-supported molybdenum catalyst at 30 bar was studied in a cylindrical fixed-bed reactor. When the temperature was not higher than 400℃, the CO conversion increased with increasing temperature according to the Arrhenius law of reaction kinetics. While XRD and Raman analysis showed that Mo was present as Mo oxides after reduction or methanation, TEM and XPS analysis showed that Mo₂C was formed after methanation depending on the loading of Mo precursor. When the temperature was as high as 500℃, the CO conversion was dependent not only on the Arrhenius law but also on the catalyzed reaction by nanoparticles, which came off from the reactor and thermocouple by metal dusting. These nanoparticles were made of Ni, Fe, Cr and alloy, and attributed to the formation of carbon deposit on the wall of the reactor and on the surface of the thermocouple. The carbon deposit consisted of amorphous and disordered carbon filaments.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.931-937
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• 2008

공정변수의 변화와 반응기의 성능을 정확하게 예측하기 위하여 Water Gas Shift Reaction(WGSR)을 위한 Multi-Tubular Reactor (MTR)의 상세 multiscale 모델링과 모사를 수행하였다. MTR은 비 균일 고체 촉매로 충진 된 4개의 관형반응기와 냉각을 위해 주변을 싸고 있는 shell side로 구성되어 있다. 유체의 흐름과 반응 kinetics가 반응기 성능에 큰 영향을 주고 있는 점을 고려할 때, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)기법과 공정모델링 기법을 포함한 multiscale 방법론의 채택은 자연스럽고 필수 불가결한 일이다. $345^{\circ}C$로 관형반응기 부분으로 유입된 반응물은 반응의 결과 $390^{\circ}C$로 $45^{\circ}C$가량 온도가 증가하였으며, CO의 전환율은 0.89에 이르렀다. 쉘 사이드로 $190^{\circ}C$로 유입된 유체는 쉘 출구에서 $240^{\circ}C$로 약 $50^{\circ}C$ 가량의 온도 증가를 보였으며 이를 통하여 에너지 절감효과를 가져 올 수 있었으며 높은 전환율을 얻기 위해 반응기 부분의 온도를 적절히 제어할 수 있었다. 모사의 결과는 여러 문헌에 보고된 실험 결과와 매우 근접한 값을 나타내 본 연구를 통해 제시된 모델과 모사의 결과가 정확함을 알 수 있었다.