• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1171-1180
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• 2013

Recent climate change has led to fluctuations in agricultural production, and as a result national food supply has become an important strategic factor in economic policy. As such, in this study, panel data was collected to analyze the effects of seven meteorological elements and using the Lagrange multipliers method, the fixed-effects model for the production of five types of food crop and the seven meteorological elements were analyzed. Results showed that the key factors effecting increases in production of rice grains were average temperature, average relative humidity and average ground surface temperature, while wheat and barley were found to have positive correlations with average temperature and average humidity. The implications of this study are as follow. First, it was confirmed that the meteorological elements have profound effects on the production of food crops. Second, when compared to existing studies, the study was not limited to one food crop but encompassed all five types, and went beyond other studies that were limited to temperature and rainfall to include various meterological elements.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.513-523
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• 2017

Purpose: We evaluated the psychometric properties of a questionnaire on the acceptance of the quality improvement information system (QIIS) among long-term care workers (mostly nurses). Methods: The questionnaire composes of 21 preliminary questions with 5 domains based on the Technology Acceptance Model and related literature reviews. We developed a prototype web-based comprehensive resident assessment system, and collected data from 126 subjects at 75 long-term care facilities and hospitals, who used the system and responded to the questionnaire. A priori factor structure was developed using an exploratory factor analysis and validated by a confirmatory factor analysis; its reliability was also evaluated. Results: A total of 16 items were yielded, and 5 factors were extracted from the explanatory factor analysis: Usage Intention, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Social Influence, and Innovative Characteristics. The five-factor structure model had a good fit (Tucker-Lewis index [TLI]=.976; comparative fit index [CFI]=.969; standardized root mean squared residual [SRMR]=.052; root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA]=.048), and the items were internally consistent(Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.91$). Conclusion: The questionnaire was valid and reliable to measure the technology acceptance of QIIS among long-term care workers, using the prototype.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.431-440
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• 2022

Hanwoo cattle are a unique and historical breed in Korea that have been genetically improved and maintained by the national evaluation and selection system. The aim of this study was to provide information that can help improve the accuracy of the estimated breeding values in Hanwoo cattle by showing the difference between the imputation reference chip platforms of genomic data and the scaling factor of the genetic relationship matrix (GRM). In this study, nine sets of data were compared that consisted of 3 reference platforms each with 3 different scaling factors (-0.5, 0 and 0.5). The evaluation was performed using MTG2.0 with nine different GRMs for the same number of genotyped animals, pedigree, and phenotype data. A five multi-trait model was used for the evaluation in this study which is the same model used in the national evaluation system. Our results show that the Hanwoo custom v1 platform is the best option for all traits, providing a mean accuracy improvement by 0.1 - 0.3%. In the case of the scaling factor, regardless of the imputation chip platform, a setting of -1 resulted in a better accuracy increased by 0.5 to 1.6% compared to the other scaling factors. In conclusion, this study revealed that Hanwoo custom v1 used as the imputation reference chip platform and a scaling factor of -0.5 can improve the accuracy of the estimated breeding value in the Hanwoo population. This information could help to improve the current evaluation system.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.751-759
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• 1998

The study of the validity test on the self-monitoring scale for nurses In this study, both the literary survey as well as empirical research has been executed to test the validity of the scales that measure the construct of the self-monitoring scale. The self-monitoring scale could not be classified into five factors as Snyder suggested. Many other scholars (Briggs, Cheek and Buss, 1980) suggested 3 different classifications which was accepted by Snyder and Gangestad (1986). John, Cheek and Klohnen(1996) claimed a two-factor classification. As has been discussed, factor analysis is used to prove convergent validity within the factor and discriminant validity between the factors. However, depending on the researchers, many variations in classification of the factors were found and a lack of content and discriminant validity were found in the previous research findings. It is also important to note that Snyder's self-monitoring scale did not factor-load at over. 30 for all 25 items, regardless of how many factors could be classified. According to findings of this study, the self-monitoring scale neither classified as five, three or two factors nor factor loaded as hypothesized. It is also clear that Snyder's self-monitoring scale lacks convergent validity as the sub-factors of the scale failed to prove its uni-dimensionality. The A self-monit oring scale not only fail to overcome the problems of Snyder's self-monitori ng scale but even lost the attractiveness of the self-monitoring scale. In this study it was also found that the A self-monitoring scale was not classified in either in a two or three-factor classification as hypothesized. It is, of course, not desirable to use any scale that lacks convergent and discriminant validity even though it has been widely used and has held a great deal of influence on the field of social psychology. To overcome the shortcomings of Snyder's self-monitoring scale, Lennox and Wolfe(1984) suggested 13 items. This study was dedicated to test the validity and reliability of the scale, in which we found that the data presented in validity as the two factors were class ified and loaded as expected. Reliability was also proven by checking Cronbach's α for each factor and for the total items. In addition, a confirmatory factor analysis was executed for the 13 items using LISREL 8.12 program to confirm convergent validity in a two-factor classification. The model was fitting and sound : however, the self-monitoring scale was unfitted and not validated. Thus, it is recommended to use not the original nor the abbreviated self-monitoring scale but the 13 items in future studies. It should also be noted that items 7 and 13 should be removed to obtain better uni-dimensionality for the 13 items. These items loaded at over. 30, too high for the two factors in the test results of Factor analysis. In addition, it is necessary to double-check the cause of two-hold loading at over .30 for the two factors. It could be a problem caused by data or by the scale itself. Therefore, additional studies should follow to better clarify this matter.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.173-186
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• 1998

In this study, both the literary survey as well as empirical research has been executed to test the validity of the scales that measure the construct of self-monitoring scale could not be classified into five factors as Snyder suggested. Many other scholars (Briggs, Cheek and Buss, 1980) suggested 3 different classifications which was accepted by Snyder and Gangestad (1986). John, Cheek and Klohnen (1996) claimed a two-factor classification. As has been discussed, factor analysis is used to prove convergent validity within the factor and discriminant validity between the factors. However, depending on the researchers, many variations in classification of the factors were found and a lack of content and discriminant validity was found in the previous research findings. It is also important to note that Snyder's self-monitoring scale, did not factor-load at over 30 for all 25 items, regardless of how many factors could be classified. According to findings of this study, the self-monitoring scale neither classified as five, three or two factors nor factor loaded as hypothesized. It is also clear that Snyder's self-monitoring scale lack convergent validity as the sub-factors of the scale fail to prove its uni-dimensionality. The A self-monitoring scale not only fail to overcome the problems of Snyder's self-monitoring scale but even lost the attractiveness of the self-monitoring scale. In this study, it was also found that the A self-monitoring scale was not classified as hypothesized in either in a two or three-factor classification. It is, of course, not desirable to use any scale that lacks convergent and discriminant validity even though it has been widely used but also has held a great deal of influence on the field of social psychology. To overcome the shortcomings of Snyder's self-monitoring scale, Lennox and Wolfe(1984) suggested 13 items. This study 1. was dedicated to test the validity and reliability of the scale, in which we found that the data presented in validity as the two factors were classified and loaded as expected. Reliability was also proven by checking Cronbach's alpha for each factor and for the total items. In addition, a confirmatory factor analysis was executed for the 13 items using LISREL 8.12 program to confirm convergent validity in a two-factor classification. The model was fitting and sound ; however, the self-monitoring scale was unfitted and not validated. Thus, it is recommended to use not the original or the abbreviated self-monitoring scale but the 13 items in future studies. It should also be noted that items 7 and 13 should be removed to obtain better uni-dimensionality for the 13 items. These items loaded at over .30, too high for the two factors in the test results of factor analysis. In addition, it is necessary to double-check the cause of two-hold loading at over .30 for the two factors. It could be a problem caused by data or by the scale itself. Therefore, additional studies should follow to better clarify this matter.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.121-132
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• 2017

Purpose: In this study the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Cancer Stigma Scale (KCSS) was evaluated. Methods: The KCSS was formed through translation and modification of Cataldo Lung Cancer Stigma Scale. The KCSS, Psychological Symptom Inventory (PSI), and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire - Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) were administered to 247 men and women diagnosed with one of the five major cancers. Construct validity, item convergent and discriminant validity, concurrent validity, known-group validity, and internal consistency reliability of the KCSS were evaluated. Results: Exploratory factor analysis supported the construct validity with a six-factor solution; that explained 65.7% of the total variance. The six-factor model was validated by confirmatory factor analysis (Q (${\chi}^2/df$)= 2.28, GFI=.84, AGFI=.81, NFI=.80, TLI=.86, RMR=.03, and RMSEA=.07). Concurrent validity was demonstrated with the QLQ-C30 (global: r=-.44; functional: r=-.19; symptom: r=.42). The KCSS had known-group validity. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the 24 items was .89. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the 24-item KCSS has relatively acceptable reliability and validity and can be used in clinical research to assess cancer stigma and its impacts on health-related quality of life in Korean cancer patients.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.89-94
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• 2013

This paper presents a simple but valid design factor calculation method of grid-connected photovoltaic system using normalized yield model. The proposed calculation method can be represented as a quantitative value about five design factors from irradiance to system output power. The validity of this method is identified by analyzing design factor with three years monitored data. These results will indicate that it is useful to determine the optimal design and selection of grid-connected photovoltaic system to meet different user purposes and enhance long-term reliability and stability of grid-connected photovoltaic system.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.12-22
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was done to verify the self-directed learning instrument (SDLI) developed to measure self-directed learning ability in nursing students. Methods: The participants for the study were 425 nursing college students. Their self-directed learning was verified using self-reports and results through questionnaires. SDLI was translated into Korean through translation/reverse translation process and its content validity verified by five experts. The validity of the instrument was verified through item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability verification was analyzed using internal consistency reliability. Results: Four factors were identified through exploratory factor analysis and 20 items of the original instrument were found to be valid. In the confirmatory factor analysis, the validity of the instrument was verified as the model was valid. The internal consistency reliability was also acceptable and SDLI was found to be an applicable instrument. Conclusion: SDLI has been developed and verified by selecting nursing students as participants for the study. Use if SDLI is expected to improve the quality of self-directed learning in nursing education and to be used in future nursing research.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.80-91
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• 2019

Purpose: This study attempted to develop a scale that measures the level of patients' recognition of the nurses' care, based on Watson's caring theory, and confirmed its reliability and validity. Methods: The items were developed through a literature review and an expert content validity test. The questionnaires were administered to 285 inpatients of internal medicine and surgical units at two general hospitals. Construct validity was tested using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha. Results: This process resulted in a preliminary scale composed of 34 items; We used item analysis and five exploratory factor analyses, and consequently selected 14 items composed of three factors (respect, genuineness, and relationality). The confirmatory factor analysis verified the model fit and convergent and discriminant validity of the final items; criterion validity was confirmed with the positive correlation with the measurement scale of the patient-perceived quality of nursing. The overall scale reliability had a Cronbach's alpha of .92, which indicated internal consistency and reliability. Conclusion: The developed scale showed content, construct, and criterion validity, and reliability, as well as convergent validity for each item and discriminant validity between the factors. This makes it suitable for use in a diverse range of future studies on nurse communication using structural equation models.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

KH University has developed a large sky simulator which is its scale suits international standard. To verify the reliability of the sky simulator, the luminance of 36 points on the inner sky surface was measured and compared with the CIE standard overcast sky model. It was found that the sky simulator can reproduce the CIE standard overcast sky condition with 1.8[%] of mean difference. To identify the differences of daylighting performance, scale model measurements were taken under a real sky and in a sky simulator. Under overcast sky conditions, two kinds of scale model experiments were conducted by using the photometric sensor Li-cor. Firstly, a 1/20 scale model of a side-lit office room 4.9[m] wide, 7.2[m] long, and 2.6[m] high was created. Five measurement points were set at 1.2[m], 2.4[m], 3.6[m], 4.8[m], and 6.0[m] from the window. The mean difference of the light factor between the sky simulator and real sky was 7.1[%]. Secondly, a 1/30 scale model of a top-lit atrium 15[m] wide, 15[m] long, and 15[m] high was created. The measurement point was set at center of the room and the well indexes of the model were set in 5 types. The mean difference of the light factor between the sky simulator and real sky was 1.7[%]. This proved that the sky simulator is fully accurate and usable for daylighting research.