• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.311-332
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• 2012

Earthquake response of mid-rise to high-rise buildings provided with friction dampers is investigated. The steel buildings are modelled as shear-type structures and the investigation involved modelling of the structures of varying heights ranging from five storeys to twenty storeys, in steps of five storeys, subjected to real earthquake ground motions. Three basic types of structures considered in the study are: moment resisting frame (MRF), braced frame (BF), and friction damper frame (FDF). Mathematical modelling of the friction dampers involved simulation of the two distinct phases namely, the stick phase and the slip phase. Dynamic time history analyses are carried out to study the variation of the top floor acceleration, top floor displacement, storey shear, and base-shear. Further, energy plots are obtained to investigate the energy dissipation by the friction dampers. It is seen that substantial earthquake response reduction is achieved with the provision of the friction dampers in the mid-rise and high-rise buildings. The provision of the friction dampers always reduces the base-shear. It is also seen from the fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the top floor acceleration that there is substantial reduction in the peak response; however, the higher frequency content in the response has increased. For the structures considered, the top floor displacements are lesser in the FDF than in the MRF; however, the top floor displacements are marginally larger in the FDF than in the BF.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2017

본 논문은 F-16 전투기 축소모델을 사용한 위상비교 방향 탐지 장치의 방위각 정확도 시험에 대해서 기술하였다. 전투기 하부면에 안테나를 배치하면 항공기 구조물에 의한 전파 반사가 일어나서 방위각 측정오차가 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 F-16 전투기를 5:1로 축소 모델링하고 전투기 하부면에 5개 안테나를 원형으로 설치한 다음 $0-360^{\circ}$ 방위각에서 $1^{\circ}$ 간격으로 전파를 수신하였다. 이 때 5개 안테나에 수신되는 전파의 위상을 수치해석으로 계산하여 방향 탐지정확도 시험을 실시하였다. 축소모델을 사용해서 시험한 위상비교 방향 탐지 방식의 방위각 오차는 신호잡음세기가 0dB 이상인 경우 평균 $0.5^{\circ}$ 이하로 측정되어서 전투기의 위상비교 방향 탐지 장치 설계에 유용하게 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.90-102
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• 2004

The purpose of this research is to identify the phases of the fashion merchandising process and the range of the fashion designer's work as well as performing degree at each stage according to the brand types of domestic women's apparel. The preliminary research was conducted with the chief designers of five woman's apparel manufactures located in Seoul and the questionnaires were collected from 192 fashion designers. They were measured by the five point Likert-type scales. For a data analysis, the Pearson's Correlation, ANOVA, Sheffe Test, MANOVA were used with SPSS V. 11.0. The results are as follows; 1. The steps which fashion designers of domestic apparel brand take in fashion merchandising process have been identified in 7 stages- Environment Information, Target Market Planning, Design Planning, Design Development, Price Settlement, Presentation & Line Release, Production. 2. The task achievement level of fashion designers in fashion merchandising process differs in brand types as well as in fashion merchandising stages. In NB, the designer's work was conducted in order of Design Planning(M=4.58)$\to$Presentation & Line release(M=4.31)$\to$ Environment Information(M=3.83)$\to$Target Market Planning(M=3.13). In DB, in order of Price Settlement (M=4.80)$\to$Production(M=4.33)$\to$Design Development(M=4.27)$\to$Design Planning(M=3.77)$\to$Presentation & Line release(M=3.20)$\to$Environment Information (M2.70). In GB, in order of Production(M=4.38)$\to$Design Planning(M=4.22)$\to$Price Settlement(M4.16)$\to$Environment Information(M=3.83)$\to$Merchandising Target Market (M=3.72)$\to$Design Development(M=3.65). 3. Considering the other factors such as sales, the amount of owning shops, item amounts that are related to the company size, this study shows that only the brand type affects designer's task achievement.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.1030-1038
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• 2022

Objective: Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of enzyme complex (EC) on the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in corn gluten meal (60%) (CGM), soy protein concentrate (SPC), dried bovine plasma (DBP), and poultry offal meal (POM). Experiments I and II were conducted with broilers in the pre-starter (1 to 7 days of age) and starter (1 to 21 days of age) phases, respectively. Methods: The treatments consisted of a protein-free diet (PFD) containing feedstuffs either supplemented with EC (xylanase, amylase, and protease) or not. In Experiment I, a total of 360 one-day-old male Cobb-500 broiler chicks were randomly housed in 45 pens, resulting in five replicates with eight birds each, totalizing eight treatments and one PFD group. In Experiment II a total of 270 one-day-old male Cobb-500 broiler chicks were randomly housed in 45 pens, resulting in five replicates with six birds each, totalizing eight treatments and one PFD group. The PFD groups were used to assess the endogenous AA losses. The birds were slaughtered to collect the ileal content. Results: In the pre-starter phase, the SID of arginine, branched chain-aminoacids, glycine, serine, aspartate, and glutamic acid increased with EC addition. The EC improved the SID of arginine and glutamic acid of CGM; the SID of valine and cystine of SPC; the SID of leucine, glycine, and aspartate of POM and the SID of isoleucine of DBP. In the starter phase, the SID of isoleucine, phenylalanine and glycine increased in EC-supplemented diets. The EC improved the SID of isoleucine of DBP; the SID of phenylalanine of CGM and POM. The SID of AA of SPC was not influenced by the EC. Conclusion: The addition of an EC to broiler pre-starter and starter diets is efficient in increasing the SID of AA on SPC, POM, and DBP.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2022년도 학술발표회
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• pp.211-211
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• 2022

The marketization reform from the open-door policy in 1978 was not only booming export-oriented industries with foreign investment but also expanding the role of private actors in the Chinese water sector. Private Sector Participation (PSP) has become an important element in developing urban infrastructure by providing better services with advanced facilities. The rapid development of PSP-driven urban water infrastructure in China has a positive impacted on Chinese economic development, particularly in coastal areas. PPPs in some coastal areas have successfully spread out over China since China applied the first Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) mode in the water sector in the early 1990s. The market-oriented water and wastewater, Public-Private Partnership (PPP) mechanism in the initial period of China has been transformed into a state-dominated PPP mechanism. The development pattern of the water and wastewater PPPs in China has been divided in four stages: the first period from 1984 to 2002, the second period from 2003 to 2008, the third period from 2009 to 2014, and the last period after 2015. The study aims to investigate the successful process of water and wastewater PPPs in local areas through five socioeconomic elements: export-oriented economic strategy, urbanization, cheap land policy, infrastructure investment, and water issues and climate change. In addition, the study focuses on analyzing the extent to which the Chinese government re-asserted its control over the PPP mechanism by classifying five elements in three different development Phases from early 2000 to 2020. The Jiangsu Province in the estern coastal area has actively invited PPP projects in the water and wastewater sectors. The successful introduction and rapid growth of PPPs in the urban water infrastructure has made the province an attractive area for a foreign investor.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.21-21
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• 2000

All living things including human being consist of soul(spirit) and body. Soul is the root of a life and body frames it. I wrote this paper to tell how internal injury due to endogenous etiological factors and affection due to exegenous pathogenic factors, affect the internal organs and the external bodily from. This paper begins with description of the patterns of disharmony of the internal organs. General disorders of each Five-Jang(五藏) an be classified into two types of soul and body. The Liver and the Heart which lead changing to Yang(陽) of vital energy, have close relationship with spiritual symptoms because spirit is related to Yang. The Lung, Kidneys, the Spleen which lead changing to m(陰) of vital energy, mainly connected with physical disorders because body is relatively close to m. The Five-Jang are ruled by the Five-Phases(五行) system and cause troubles with Oche(五體) and the nine body orifice. Otherwise the main function of the Six-Bu(六府) is to receive food, absorb the usuable portions, and transmit and excrete waste. Therefore they can cause such problems as abdominal pain, distention, difficulty in urination, and constipation. The spleen is responsible for sending Grain-Ki)穀氣) 내 that is closely connected with the six-Bu. The Gall bladder takes care of control of giving out spirit. That's why it presents many symptoms related to the spirit that is ruled by the Five-Jang. Patterns of disharmony of external bodily form is influenced by the state of Maridians. Bodily forms get divided into many parts by the function of six-meridians(六經) to which they belong. Six-meridians have their own function related to excretion, related to excretion, retention, and balance(開闔樞). If local bodily froms get affected by pernicious influences, the Meridians to which they are attached will lose harmony and connot fulfil their own functions. Because the meridian symtem unifies all parts of the body, the whole body will be under the influence of the affection although local parts of the bodily forms get affected. Therefore the symptoms of disharmony should be considered in a synthetic view. There are however, also cases which should be focused on the very meridian channels affected. Disorder within a Meridian generates derangement in the pathway make it not to benefit the muscles and skin belong to it. Because the meridians connect the interior organs with the exterior bodily form, they are influenced by each other.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.22-42
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• 2000

All living things including human being consist of soul(spirit) and body. Soul is the root of a life and body frames it. I wrote this paper to tell how internal injury due to endogenous etiological factors and affection due to exogenous pathogenic factors, affect the internal organs and the external bodily from. This paper begins with description of the patterns of disharmony of the internal organs. General disorders of each Five-Jang(五藏) an be classified into two types of soul and body. The Liver and the Heart which lead changing to Yang(陽) of vital energy, have close relationship with spiritual symptoms because spirit is related to Yang. The Lung, Kidneys, the Spleen which lead changing to m(陰) of vital energy, mainly connected with physical disorders because body is relatively close to m. The Five-Jang are ruled by the Five-Phases(五行) system and cause troubles with Oche(五體) and the nine body orifice. Otherwise the main function of the Six-Bu(六府) is to receive food, absorb the usable portions, and transmit and excrete waste. Therefore they can cause such problems as abdominal pain, distention, difficulty in urination, and constipation. The spleen is responsible for sending Grain-Ki(穀氣) so that is closely connected with the six-Bu. The Gall bladder takes care of control of giving out spirit. That's why it presents many symptoms related to the spirit that is ruled by the Five-Jang. Patterns of disharmony of external bodily form is influenced by the state of Meridians. Bodily forms get divided into many parts by the function of six-meridians(六經) to which they belong. Six-meridians have their own function related to excretion, related to excretion, retention, and balance(開闔樞). If local bodily forms get affected by pernicious influences, the Meridians to which they are attached will lose harmony and cannot fulfil their own functions. Because the meridian system unifies all parts of the body, the whole body will be under the influence of the affection although local parts of the bodily forms get affected. Therefore the symptoms of disharmony should be considered in a synthetic view. There are however, also cases which should be focused on the very meridian channels affected. Disorder within a Meridian generates derangement in the pathway make it not to benefit the muscles and skin belong to it. Because the meridians connect the interior organs with the exterior bodily form, they are influenced by each other.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제37집
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• pp.1-52
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• 2021

대순진리회의 도장 건축물들 가운데 하나인 내정(內庭)은 대순진리회의 통솔·감독·운영을 상징하는 공간이다. 내정의 사전적 의미가 '궁(宮) 안에서 정사(政事)가 이루어지는 곳'이라는 점을 고려하면, 건물의 명칭과 기능은 일치하고 있는 것으로 보인다. 그런데 내정이라는 명칭은 어느 도교 경전의 한 구절과 관련이 있다는 이야기가 종단 내에서 구전으로 전해오고 있다. 그 경전이란 게 실재하는지, 또 어떤 내용과 문맥을 담고 있는지는 밝혀진 바가 없다. 이 글은 이에 주목하여, 대순진리회 내정의 전거(典據)로 알려진 문헌을 추적하고 그것이 『여조전서(呂祖全書)』 속에 휘집(彙集)된 『전팔품선경(前八品仙經)』의 「오행단효(五行端孝)」임을 소개하며, 그 문헌의 내용과 도교사적(道敎史的) 맥락을 고찰한다. 이 문헌의 탄생은 명말 청초로 거슬러 올라간다. 당시 중국의 여러 지역에는 백성을 구제하고 신선술을 가르쳐준다는 이유로 여동빈을 신앙하는 일단의 지식인들이 있었다. 이들은 난단도교(鸞壇道敎) 공동체를 형성하여, 강신술(降神術)로 여동빈을 응하게 하고 강계(降乩)라는 방법을 사용하여 그에게 가르침을 받아 여러 도교 경전을 만들었다. 그들 가운데 몇몇은 1589년부터 1626년 사이에, 중국 광릉(廣陵) 만점(萬店)의 집선루(集仙樓)에서 여동빈으로부터 '오토결중곡(烏兎結中谷: 까마귀와 토끼는 중곡에서 모이고) 구사반내정(龜蛇盤內庭: 거북과 뱀은 내정에서 서로 얽혀있네)'이라는 문구가 든 경전을 강계로써 받아 「오행단효」라고 이름 지었다. 이 문구는 인체 내에 존재하는 음양과 수화(水火)의 두 기(氣)가 교구(交媾)하는 내단(內丹) 수련으로써 신선의 경지에 오름을 상징적으로 표현한 것이다. 그 수련은 효행을 극진히 해야만 가능하다고 한다. 구사합체(龜蛇合體)가 이루어지는 '내정'은 바로 그러한 수련으로써 신선으로 변하는 것을 상징적으로 표현한 용어였다. 「오행단효」는 여동빈의 다른 가르침을 담은 경들과 묶여 『전팔품선경』으로 합본되었고, 1744년에는 32권 분량의 여동빈 전집(全集) 『여조전서』에 포함되어 처음으로 세상에 나오게 되었다. 이처럼 여동빈이 도교 경전을 통해 전한 '내정'이라는 용어에는 백성을 구제하고 신선술을 가르쳐준다는 여조신앙(呂祖信仰)과 난단도교, 효사상, 그리고 수화 교구의 내단술이 배경으로 자리하고 있다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.873-880
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• 2002

We study on the significance and application of the whole body form diagnosis. The results were as follows; The general form diagnosis is the method to observe the individual physiology and pathology. The phase of thinking, the current and activity of KI, the pattern of general form diagnosis have organic relations with the symptoms. The general form diagnosis is made up the principle of the imaging phase, therefore it must make synthetic union the differentiation of syndromes. The general form diagnosis of NAE GYEONG shows the typical phases and it is divided with the sight of YIN YANG and Five-Element. The general form diagnosis of SEOP GAE is practiced the theory of constitution's demonstration before the understanding of symptoms. Then JANG NAM tried the type of constitution's demonstration. The general form diagnosis of DONG MU becomes the diagnostic root of constitution's demonstration in four type constitution theory.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.177-194
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• 2016

The cable-supported ribbed beam composite slab structure (CBS) is a new type of pre-stressed hybrid structure. The standard construction method of CBS including five steps and two key phases are proposed in this paper. The theoretical analysis and experimental research on a 1:5 scaled model were carried out. First, the tensioning construction method based on deformation control was applied to pre-stress the cables. The research results indicate that the actual tensile force applied to the cable is slightly larger than the theoretical value, and the error is about 6.8%. Subsequently, three support dismantling schemes are discussed. Scheme one indicates that each span of CBS has certain level of mechanical independence such that the construction of a span is not significantly affected by the adjacent spans. It is shown that dismantling from the middle to the ends is an optimal support dismantling method. The experimental research also indicates that by using this method, the CBS behaves identically with the numerical analysis results during the construction and service.