• Title/Summary/Keyword: Five phase

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Characteristic Analysis of Two-Phase 4/5-Pole Switched Reluctance Motor

  • Ahn, Jin-Woo
    • Journal of international Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems
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    • v.1 no.3
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    • pp.347-353
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    • 2012
  • Design and analysis of a novel 2-phase 4/5 Switched Reluctance Motor(SRM) is presented. The proposed motor employs a novel stator pole configuration. A novel SRM employs four-rotor and five-stator poles. The motor has no dead-zone and can be operate at any rotor position. The structure and operating principle are also described. The comparison between the proposed motor and a conventional two-phase 4/2 SRM is undertaken in this analysis. Furthermore, the Finite Element Analysis(FEA) and matlab-simulink are used to predict and simulate the performance of a proposed motor. The results of investigation indicate that the proposed structure offers a better performance in term of torque production.

Spirituality: Concept Analysis Based on Hybrid Model

  • Oh Pok Ja;Kang Kyung Ah
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.709-720
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    • 2005
  • Purpose. The purpose of this study was to obtain a clearer understanding of spirituality and examine the process of spirituality through defining the meaning and attributes of spirituality. Method. Concept analysis was done in the three phases, theoretical phase, fieldwork phase, and analytical phase suggested in the Hybrid Model. Five people participated in the fieldwork phase. Results. Spirituality is activated through self-awareness which occurs as spirit being activated through self-introspection, and through restoration of the relationship with Supreme Being. This interconnectedness with Supreme Being has an absolute impact on one's harmonious interconnectedness with self and neighbors, thus leads all the critical attributes of spirituality to be revealed. The core energy of this harmonious inter-connectedness is love. When activated, it has a great impact on an individual as integrative energy, leads one to go beyond everyday experience as well as to have new perspectives, and to live a satisfactory life in every aspect. Conclusion. The results of this study suggest that promotion of connectedness is the most important element in spiritual nursing interventions. The results can also be used effectively in developing spirituality assessment scales and theory.

Determination of Fluorescent Whitening Agents in Paper Materials by Ion-Pair Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

  • Kim, Jeong Soo;Kim, Do Hwan;Kim, Keon
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.33 no.12
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    • pp.3971-3976
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    • 2012
  • A simple method was developed for the analysis of seven stilbene-type fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) in paper materials by ion-pair reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. These stilbene-type FWAs included two disulfonate, two tetrasulfonate, and three hexasulfonate compounds. After optimization of chromatographic conditions, the FWAs were satisfactorily separated using a reversed-phase column (RP-18) with the following isocratic mobile phase: methanol-water (60:40) containing 17.5 mM TBABr and 10 mM citrate buffer (pH = 7.0). The calibration plot was linear in the range from 5 to 500 ng/mL for two disulfo-FWAs and from 1 to 500 ng/mL for the other five FWAs. Precision levels of the calibration curve as indicated by RSD of response factors were 1.2 and 8.1%. Limits of quantitation (LOQ) ranged from 1.2 to 11 ng/mL.

Evaluation of RTK Methods for Moving Vehicles and Practical Recommendations

  • Kim, Sae-Kyeol;Kim, Euiho
    • Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.253-262
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    • 2021
  • Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) based precise positioning using Real Time Kinematic (RTK) technique has been proposed as an enabler of the formation operation of moving vehicles. In RTK methods, the integer ambiguity of GNSS carrier phase measurements must be resolved. Although there have been many proposed algorithms for the integer ambiguity resolution, the widelane combination of carrier phase measurements and LAMBDA methods have gained the most popularity in literatures when dual frequency GNSS measurements were used. In this paper, we evaluated five alternative methods to determine relative positions of moving base and rover receivers; the round-off scheme of widelane carrier phase, instant least-squares and Kalman filter-based LAMBDA with widelane carrier phase, instant least-squares and Kalman filter-based LAMBDA with dual frequency measurements. The paper presented the performance of each method using flight test data, which showed their strength and weakness in the aspects of time-to-first-fix, ambiguity resolution success ratio, and relative position errors. Based on that, we provided practical recommendations of RTK operations for moving vehicles.

Deciphering Key Genes of Proliferative and Secretory Phase Using Integrated Transcriptomics and Network Analysis

  • Payal Gupta;Shriya Dube;Payal Priyadarshini;Shanvi Singh;Anasuya Pravallika R;Vijay Lakshmi Srivastava;Abhishek Sengupta;Priyanka Narad
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.51 no.3
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    • pp.317-324
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    • 2023
  • Endometrium receptivity is a complex mechanism of intricate pathways that lead to the shift from the proliferative to the secretory phase. Our goal was to identify high-ranking differentially expressed genes and study the pathways associated with the phenomenon. Raw data were retrieved from six GEO datasets and 705 DEGs were identified through robust ranking aggregation after the integration of five datasets. 20 key genes were identified that were further re-validated in an additional dataset. Supporting evidence through the experimental references confirms them as major biomarkers of the shift from the proliferative to the secretory phase.

Characteristics of Gas- and Particle-phase Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Distribution in Tunnels (터널 내 기체 및 입자상 다환방향족탄화수소(PAH) 분포 특성)

  • Lee, Ji Yi;Lee, Seung-Bok;Kim, Jin Young;Jin, Hyoun Cher;Lim, Hyung Bae;Bae, Gwi-Nam
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.30 no.6
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    • pp.519-530
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    • 2014
  • Twenty four individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds both in gas- and particle-phase were quantified in three tunnels (Namsan Tunnel 3, Jeongneung Tunnel, Bukak Tunnel) to characterize vehiculate emission of PAHs. Gas phase PAHs were dominant in tunnels which consisted of 85% of total PAHs concentrations. Naphthalene and 2-methyl naphthalene were the most abundant gas phase PAH compounds, while the concentrations of fluoranthene and pyrene were highest in the particle phase. Most (96%) of the gas phase PAH compounds consisted of two- and three-aromatic rings whereas most of the particle phase PAHs were in four and five-rings (67%) in tunnels. Average BaP-eq concentrations of PAHs in the particle phase ($20.8{\pm}11.6ngm^{-3}$) was about twenty fold higher than that in the gas phase ($1.6{\pm}0.6ngm^{-3}$). It means that the particle phase PAHs has more adverse health effect than the gas phase PAHs even though the concentrations of the particle phase PAHs were lower than those of the gas phase PAHs. Compared to previous studies reporting diagnostic ratios for specific PAH compounds, the profile of individual PAH compounds measured in this study reflected well for the vehiculate emissions. We reported, for the first time, on the results of the profile of individual PAH compounds measured in tunnels for both gas and particle phases.

Future Change Using the CMIP5 MME and Best Models: I. Near and Long Term Future Change of Temperature and Precipitation over East Asia (CMIP5 MME와 Best 모델의 비교를 통해 살펴본 미래전망: I. 동아시아 기온과 강수의 단기 및 장기 미래전망)

  • Moon, Hyejin;Kim, Byeong-Hee;Oh, Hyoeun;Lee, June-Yi;Ha, Kyung-Ja
    • Atmosphere
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.403-417
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    • 2014
  • Future changes in seasonal mean temperature and precipitation over East Asia under anthropogenic global warming are investigated by comparing the historical run for 1979~2005 and the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 run for 2006~2100 with 20 coupled models which participated in the phase five of Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP5). Although an increase in future temperature over the East Asian monsoon region has been commonly accepted, the prediction of future precipitation under global warming still has considerable uncertainties with a large inter-model spread. Thus, we select best five models, based on the evaluation of models' performance in present climate for boreal summer and winter seasons, to reduce uncertainties in future projection. Overall, the CMIP5 models better simulate climatological temperature and precipitation over East Asia than the phase 3 of CMIP and the five best models' multi-model ensemble (B5MME) has better performance than all 20 models' multi-model ensemble (MME). Under anthropogenic global warming, significant increases are expected in both temperature and land-ocean thermal contrast over the entire East Asia region during both seasons for near and long term future. The contrast of future precipitation in winter between land and ocean will decrease over East Asia whereas that in summer particularly over the Korean Peninsula, associated with the Changma, will increase. Taking into account model validation and uncertainty estimation, this study has made an effort on providing a more reliable range of future change for temperature and precipitation particularly over the Korean Peninsula than previous studies.

Development and Performance Evaluation of Education Program to increase Children's Preference for Vegetables through Five Senses (유아 대상의 오감을 활용한 채소 선호도 증진 프로그램의 개발 및 효과 평가)

  • Moon, Hye-Kyung;Her, Eun-Sil
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.41-50
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    • 2017
  • This study developed a vegetable preference increase program that can be applied at the Center for Children's Foodservice Management (CCFM) for children in child-care facilities and kindergarten and the training performance was evaluated by 192 5-year old children. Teachers considered 'disliked food' ($3.23{\pm}0.85/out$ of 5) as the most serious nutritional problem and typical disliked food was 'vegetables' (54.2%). Based on this finding, to increase the preference for vegetables, a five-phase education program was developed. In this program, each phase was composed of activities to increase children's interest in vegetables by using each sense out of the five senses. Center dieticians had visited and conducted the program in 12 facilities. By using an illustration assessment tool, the training performance was evaluated by comparing the children's knowledge level and their preference changes in vegetables. Consequently, as examined by 10 questions on the knowledge of vegetables, trained children's (in total 192) knowledge of vegetables had considerably increased (p<0.01, p<0.001), and their preference for 15 out of the 16 vegetables, except for carrots, also showed a considerable preference increase after the training (p<0.01, p<0.001). Therefore, this program is considered to have contributed to reducing disliked vegetable eating behaviors.

Study on the Shapes of Jung-kwa, Gi-kwa, Sin-kwa, Hyul-kwa (정기신혈과(精氣神血科)의 형상(形象)에 대한 연구)

  • Choi Byung-Tae;Choi Yung-Hyun;Baek Geun-Gi;Lee Yong-Tae
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.19 no.5
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    • pp.1181-1190
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    • 2005
  • After study about the shapes of Jung, Gi, Sin, Hyul-kwa advocated by Master Jisan, the conclusions are drawn as follows. It pursues the rules of universe being changed from formless to concrete objects that the Body Essence, Vital energy, Mentality, and Blood are materialized to Jung, GE, Sin, Hyul-kwa. It can be drawn an inference from the next three theories that Jisan considered Jung, Gi, Sin, Hyul-kwa as round, square, reverse triangle, and triangle or oval shape. First, it was taken to following the shapes of viscera. Namely Jung-kwa was taken as Kidney, Gi-kwa as Lung, Sin-kwa as Heart, Hyul-kwa as Liver. Second, it was adopted from five kinds of constitutions according to the five elements in [Yeongchu Yin and Yang twenty five shapes] that is Jung-kwa is purchased with Water-earth phases, Gi-kwa with metal phase Sin-kwa with fire phase, Hyul-kwa with Wood phase, Third, it is taken in order to eliminate contradictions. Hyul-kwa disliking to move is assumed to round shape to easily move. Gi-kwa tending to disperse is chosen to square in order to be unmoved. Sin-kwa declining to stagnate of seven emotions is pursued to reverse triangle to compose oneself. Hyul-kwa inclining to gather is preferred to acreage phase to harmonize ascending tendency. Among shapes which Jisan was divided Hado, Nakseo, Bokhee pal kwoe, Moonwang pal kwoe, Jung-kwa as round is Hado, Gi-kwa as square is Nakseo, Sin-kwa as reverse triangle is Bokhee pal kwoe order shape, Hyul-kwa as acreage phase or oval shape is accord with Moonwang pal kwoe order shape. The reason being classified into Jung, GE, Sin, Hyul-kwa from the shapes of the face is that the face is the place to reflect the whole conditions of the body connected with all of the viscera and meridian system such as semen of plants. Above contents are drawn an inference from the transcription of Jisan's lectures and his writings. And it is considered that insufficient parts of the Jisan's theory must be demonstrated continuously.

Aerodynamic Analysis of the NREL Phase Ⅵ Rotor using the CFD (NREL Phase Ⅵ 로터에 대한 공력해석)

  • Kang, Tae-Jin;Lee, Sea-Wook;Cho, Jin-Soo;Gyeong, Namho
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.315-320
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    • 2008
  • This paper describes aerodynamic characteristics for the NREL(National Renewable Energy Laboratory) Phase VI rotor using the Fluent which is a commercial flow analysis tool. Aerodynamic analysis results are compared with experimental results by the NREL/NASA Ames wind tunnel tests. For three velocity cases, computed results are compared with experiment results at five spanwise positions. Computed results represented good agreement with the experimental results at low velocity. Otherwise computed results in suction side represents disagreement with the experimental results at high velocity. When interval between wind turbines is 10 times of rotor diameter, CFD research is performed to calculate the wake effect.