• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2014

Objectives : The metastasis among the Five Viscera are given, passim, in the Hwangjenaegyeong (黃帝內經). Generally, the metastasis among the Five Viscera followed 'mutual generation' and 'mutual overcoming' of the Five Elements. But, the metastasis among the Five Viscera on the Gi Gual Ron not followed. The metastasis are connected with the Eight Diagrams. The Eight Diagrams are classified 'Earlier Heaven' and 'Later Heaven'. It also be assigned the Five Elements. Results : The metastasis order and the principle of shift its location from 'Earlier Heaven' to 'Later Heaven' are similar. Conclusions : Therefore, the metastasis among the Five Viscera on the Gi Gual Ron is based on the law of shift its location from 'Earlier Heaven' to 'Later Heaven'.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2010

Five phase theory has significant effect on Traditional Chinese Medicine, which puts its emphasis on correlation and integrity. However, the five phase theory itself has a limitation that it cannot reflect the general correlation and special features of affairs. Traditional Chinese Medicine pertains the five organs to five elements, absorbing the essence of the five phase theory, and transcending the limitation of the five phase theory in practice. Therefore, Traditional Chinese Medicine and other traditional medicine theories can be called as "five viscera correlation theory". On the course of modernization of traditional medicine, the effects among the five viscera can be concluded to 3 correlations of promotion, coordination and inhibition, to illustrate the integrity and correlation theory of traditional medicine from different approaches.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2009

The five viscera[五藏], one of the key concepts from Traditional Oriental Medicine in understanding the nature of human body, endows the characteristic of five phases[五行] on the five representative organs, based on the five phases theory[五行論]. Although the theory from "Geummun-Sangseo(今文尙書)" which states the order of 'liver-mok[肝木] heart-hwa[心火] pancreas-to[脾土] lung-geum[肺金] kidney-su[腎水]' is now widely approved by present-day academics concerning arrangement of five changes and the five viscera, there are some other less-known theories of arrangement. "Gomun-Sangseo[古文尙書]" had suggested the order of 'pancreas-mok[脾木] lung-hwa[肺火] heart-to[心土] liver-geum[肝金] kidney-su[腎水]', which was never practiced, and "Dong-uisusebowon(東醫壽世保元)" of Ijema(李濟馬) expressed the theory of 'lung-mok[肺木] pancreas-hwa[脾火] heart-to[心土] liver-geum[肝金] kidney-su[腎水]'.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2012

Five mimic-animal boxing(五禽戱, FAB) is physical fitness exercises conducted by imitating the motions of tiger, deer, bear, monkey, and bird, devised by the famous doctor Hwa-Ta(華陀) in the Three Kingdoms of China. FAB is one of bionic-physical and breathing exercises(傍生導引) by combined automassage as a practice for health care. Although FAB have effects of health control and medical treatment, but interrelationship of five animals(五禽) of FAB and five viscera(五臟) of five elements(五行) is complicated. So, the present was designed to investigate the progress of FAB, movement-feature of FAB, and the interrelationship of five animals and five viscera. further I will develop value by sports-treatment medicine in oriental medicine. The results were as follows ; FAB is physical exercises of dynamic exercises and new-dynamic exercises. Feature of China-FAB have each movement by imitating the motions of each animals, movements of Formosa-FAB were mixed. In philosophical viewpoint, Five animals (tiger, deer, bear, monkey, bird) were attached to metal, wood, water, earth, fire of five elements, and lung, liver, kidney, spleen, heart of five viscera. In viewpoint of breathing exercises, Five animals (tiger, deer, bear, monkey, bird) were attached to water, wood, earth, fire, metal of five elements, and kidney, liver, spleen, heart, lung of five viscera. Although FAB have effects of health control and medical treatment, FAB have indication and contraindication. Therefore, I think that mechanism of treatment should reason with Oriental medicine doctor in FAB.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2015

Objectives : This is what tries to study irregular pairs between five viscera and five tatstes. And than tries to make convincing explanation. Methods : We analysed "SuWen ZangQiFaShiLun素問 藏氣法時論", "YiXueQiYuan醫學啓源", "TangYeBenCao湯液本草", "BenCaoGangMu 本草綱目" and "FuXingJueZangFuYongYaoFaYao輔行訣臟腑用藥法要". We found difference and similarities between these books. Result & Conclusions : "YiXueQiYuan", "TangYeBenCao", "BenCaoGangMu" inherit pairs between five viscera and five tatstes from "ZangQiFaShiLun". "YiXueQiYuan" had added examples of herbs to "ZangQiFaShiLun". "TangYeBenCao" had added examples of priscriptions to "ZangQiFaShiLun". "BenCaoGangMu" had added examples of herbs to "ZangQiFaShiLun". But new pairs between five viscera and five tatstes had suggested in the "FuXingJueZangFuYongYaoFaYao". We think that the new pairs are more logical than the others.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.167-184
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• 2017

Objectives : The paper attempted to analyze the contents found in the networks of five viscera in Yixuerumen's Zangfutiaofen published by Li Chan in 1575, and tried to reveal the body structure dealt in the contents through anatomical verification. Methods : Books such as Huataxianshengneizhaotu, Tushupian, and Shisijingfahui were used to compare, understand, and interpret the original texts and annotations of Yixuerumen in an attempt to verify these through anatomy reference texts and computer programs. Results : In Yixuerumen, some contents of the networks of five viscera were revised to see feixi as not one but two, and explained the relationship of intestinal organs through heart and lung. Anatomically speaking, the networks of five viscera has a vertical structure that unfolds top to bottom centering on aorta, and has many organs connected to it such as trachea, esophagus, splenic artery, pulmonary trunk, ureter, mesentery arteriovenous, gonadal artery, and ductus deferens. Conclusions : The networks of five viscera has a great significance in that it is the fruit of much efforts where oriental medicine tried to explain not only the functions of five viscera, but also the creation and circulation of qi, blood, and bodily fluids through anatomical observation.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.123-147
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• 2012

Objective : By establishing the Five Viscera Source Point Acupuncture as the targeted acupuncture treatment for stadardization, as the first step, this study was conducted to sort the indications of each acupuncture remedies, which can be referred as one of the most important factors in acupuncture treatment, based on Yeoungchu. Method : This study selected only the contents related to indications of five viscera, by extracting the relevant sentences from Yeoungchu using the search words Liver(Liver Meridian, First Yin), Heart(Pericardium, Heart Meridian, Second Yin), Spleen(Spleen meridian, Third Yin), Lung(Lung Meridian, Third Yin), and Kidney(Kidney Meridian, Second Yin). Result & Conclusion : 1. We selected and extracted text related to liver disease from Chapter 16, heart (pericardium) disease from Chapter 16, spleen disease from Chapter 19, lung disease from Chapter 17, and finally kidney disease from Chapter 17 of Yeoungchu. 2. The basic theory of applying Five Viscera Source Point Acupuncture to five viscera diseases is first assorting the diseases according to its state (i.e. deficiency or excess), then draining the source point of the appropriate viscus in case of excess, or supplementing the source point of the appropriate viscus in case of deficiency. 3. For the correct application of Five Viscera Source Point Acupuncture, the classification of the disease, not only the judgement on its state, must be presented systematically and synthetically in combination with Four Examinations. Therefore the follow-up studies needs to be conducted.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.143-155
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• 2011

By examining the relationship between physiological character of stomach and true viscera pulse(眞臟脈) with "Huangdinejing(黃帝內經)", the study shows these fallowing results. Stomach is not only one of the six bowels(六腑), it represents them. It is called as yang brightness of foot(足陽明) because it has relation with function of earth among five phases(五行), great storage(倉廩) and root of five visceras and six bowels(五臟六腑), has close relationship with triple energizers(三焦). Stomach is an important organ that feeds acquired qi(後天之氣) based on food and stomach qi (胃氣) which is a transformed form by going through digestion, is significant for life conservation. In human body, the activation of stomach qi can be known by pulse. The true viscera pulse is a pulse which predicts the period of death. If stomach qi exsits, viscera qi can be led to greater yin of hand(手太陰), however, when it does not exist, five viscera qi can not be led to greater yin of hand and this kind of situation appears the true viscera pulse. Hence, by knowing the relation between stomach qi and five viscera qi, the condition of normality, disease, and death can be known. In "Hwangdineijing" it says, stomach qi, shortly string like pulse(微弦), shortly surging pulse(微鉤), shortly floating pulse(微毛), and shortly sunken pulse(微毛) shown in four seasons are normal pulse. And also it emphasizes, normal pulse is made when four seasons, five viscera pulse, and stomach qi are in harmony. In conclusion, stomach qi is based on food for well being, and a standard of judging people whether they are living in a healthy life or not.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.121-130
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• 2007

In oriental medicine, there is the fundamentals to lead a stirring life, and it is an important matter that make a study of fundamentals for treatment. The su-wen(素問) mentions the fundamentals of sheng(生之本), the fundamentals of qi(氣之本), the fundamentals of feng-cang(封藏之本), the fundamentals of ba-ji(罷極之本) and the fundamentals of cang-lin(倉廩之本). They are terminologies expressing physiological functions of the five viscera - heart, lungs, kidneys, liver and spleen. The five viscera are expressed through face, fur, hair, nail and lips. And the five viscera are closely connected with blood, skin, bone, muscle and flesh. Through the changes of personal appearance, we can recognize those of their internal organs. In oriental medicine, they are called as the cang-xiang(藏象). Heart is the fundamentals of sheng(生), and it is related to spirit, blood and blood vessel. Lungs are the fundamentals of qi(氣), because they master the extensive meaning of qi(氣). Kidneys are the fundamentals of feng-cang(封藏) which means seclusion. Liver is the fundamentals of ba-ji(罷極) that have several view by concept. Spleen, stomach, large and small intestines, paunch and bladder are the fundamentals of cang-lin(倉廩), that is to say, gastrointestinal tract that ingest diet and digest it.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2012

Allopathic medicine has had a lot of limits though it has maintained the status of mainstream medicine, therefore these days there has been a growing interests in traditional medicine of East Asia. According to this trend, the integration between allopathic medicine and traditional medicine has become a hot issue and the need of mutual understanding on their physiology and pathology increases. However, understanding of traditional medical theory based on ying-yang, five phases, viscera and bowels is still difficult to be accepted to allopathic medical fields. Therefore, this research tried to investigate the similarity and differences of the structures between five viscera and organs. As a result, this research found that the investigation and understanding on viscera in traditional medicine or organs in allopathic medicine has in common in some degree. However, the integration and comparison between two medicines should be done cautiously because there still are the basal different points of understanding of human structure and function.