• Title/Summary/Keyword: Five Principles

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우리나라 조우삽관과 의상적배경

  • 권영숙
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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    • v.21
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    • pp.129-142
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    • 1993
  • We priority given to Jowoo-Kwan this study examined the ideologic backgrounds which had influences on Jowwo-Kwan throughout the Birds Worship Thought and the Yin-Yang and Five-Elements Thought. Jowoo-Kwan with bird-feathers to Jeol-Poong namely the orgin of the Korean Kwan-Mo existed as a northern cultural elements until the Three States. The customs of Joo-Kwan were greatly related to the hunting life of a horse-riding people and they were dominated the Birds Worship Ideology originated from the primitive religion of a northern people namely Shamanism. In the early days Jowoo-Kwan with natural bird-feathers was decorated with golden bird-feathers with the development of a so-ciety and it changed realistic and crative in the form. The results that Jowoo-Kwan is applied to the Yin-Yang and Five-Elements Thought as follows. The Higher front part represents Yang and on the other hand the lower back part does Yin. Thus Jo-woo-kwan consists of a ideologic Yin-Yang. By means of principles of the Five Elements Birds are included in four animals with the mean of God and especially we can confirm it from a red bird. Expresions of Jowoo-Kwan shows the influences of the Five Elements thought.

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Design Characteristics of Nursing Home Environment Created by Care Professional Based on Practical Experience (케어전문가의 실천적 경험에 입각한 노인요양시설 환경디자인 노력특성연구)

  • Lee, Yeun-Sook;Yoon, Hye-Gyung;Park, Eun-Ji
    • Journal of the Korean housing association
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.21-28
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    • 2011
  • This thesis aims to identify the design guidelines for environmental plans for the facilities for the aged people with a focus on the users' needs and the concept of aging in place. For this purpose major environmental design factors were researched by analyzing spaces and interviewing the managers and supervisor of W nursing home in Jeju Island that was opened in 1980s. Surveyed factors were divided into five categories, and by applying the design guideline theory of age friendly environment and nursing home facilities to them, five municipal composition factors of Kevin Lynch, universal design, environmental behavior model of John Zeisel principles were found. On the other hand, the environmental changes and development process of W nursing home is a showcase that reveals the importance of narrowing the gap in the opinions of the space users, the experts of architecture and administration which is emphasized in the principles of Inquiry by Design of John Zeisel. This research is expected to be used effectively for the researchers who study the space designs for the age-friendly environment.

The Evaluation of Application for Universal Design Principles in Local Government's Public Service Center - Focusing on Five District's Public Service Centers in Gwangju Metropolitan City - (지방자치단체 민원실의 유니버설디자인 적용도 평가 - 광주광역시 구청사를 중심으로 -)

  • Choe, Ah jin;Kim, Mi Hee
    • Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.172-180
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    • 2016
  • This study aimed to evaluate how universal design principles are embodied in the Public Service Center. It will be used for planning the basic materials of the interior environmental design for Public Service Center facilities and for developing ways to improve interior environments in order for them to be conveniently used. In studying a method, we conducted an Universal Design check list to evaluate interior environment, targeting five Public Service Center facilities located in Gwangju Metropolitan city. This study investigated the Universal Design suitability of center interior Public Service Center on the basis of the tools for Universal Design check list which was composed of supportive design, adaptable design, communicability, safety-oriented design, and accessible design. Through theoretically considering the services of Gwangju's old city hall public service center, which got divided into common space, public service space, waiting space and informative material space. Evaluation on universal design application level showed that those with best universal design application are supportiveness and safety in public service space, communication efficacy and safety in waiting space and safety and accessibility in informative material space and acceptability in waiting space had the lowest application level.

Social Business in An Emerging Economy: An Empirical Study in Bangladesh

  • CHOWDHURY, Fatema Nusrat;MUSTAFA, Jasia;ISLAM, K.M. Anwarul;HASAN, K.B.M. Rajibul;ZAYED, Nurul Mohammad;RAISA, Tahsin Sharmila
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.931-941
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    • 2021
  • The study focuses on the relationship between SB, corporate social responsibility (CSR), and the emerging economy. Thereafter it highlights the types, principles, and funding cycle of SB with the evidence from Grameen Bank, which is a globally well-recognized microfinance venture in Bangladesh established by the Nobel Laureate Dr. Muhammad Yunus. This study employs qualitative analysis to illustrate an architectural overview of the SB model by collecting secondary data from various publications related to the topic and published data of Grameen Bank. Finally, this paper illustrates the SB model along with specified characteristics, systematic framework, and main approaches for sustainable context, which could be applied as a conceptual framework for SB in any context of the emerging economy. The findings of this study suggest that the SB model is the workflow having a hierarchy of five phases namely need identification, goal setting, solution-based business plan, business plan assessment, and business plan execution. Analyzing a range of social business interventions in a developing country, Bangladesh, through the lens of five key aspects demonstrates that social business is the most efficient way to sustainably maximize the social benefits and minimize specific social issues poverty of the people affected.

The Development of Planning Model for a Sustainable Housing Estate (지속가능한 주거단지 계획모형 개발)

  • 박원규
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.30 no.5
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    • pp.39-54
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    • 2002
  • There have been endeavors for sustainable development all over the world after the Rio World Summit and the idea of sustainable development has become common paradigm. Now, Korea has come to a situation where we need to apply the concept of sustainable development inevitably. Especially housing estate development must be preliminary change for sustainable development. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to establish sustainable planning element system of housing estate, and to propose a sustainable planning model compatible with the Korean situation. The scope of this study focused on typical multi-family housing estates in Korea and the environmental sustainable planning model. The model was developed from the evaluation of the important level and extra costs of planning elements for sustainable development of housing estate. The important level of planning principles and elements was analyzed by conducting a survey to experts. As the results of this study, four planning section ('land use and transport', 'pollution and waste', 'energy', and 'natural resource') and twelve planning items were identified. Twenty-one planning principles and fifty-five planning elements were found. Synthetically, the sustainable planning element system is composed of four planning sections, twelve planning items, twenty-one planning principles, and fifty-five planning elements. Based on survey to experts, $\ulcorner$The short-term strategic model$\lrcorner$ was developed for the social implosion of sustainable development, which is composed of ten basic elements, eighteen necessary elements, twelve optional elements, and seven arbitrary elements. $\ulcorner$The long-term future model$\lrcorner$was developed for application to from 10 to 15 years later. It is composed of fifteen basic elements, thirty-three necessary elements, and seven optional elements. The planning model proposed by this study can be used as a prototype for the development of a sustainable housing estate and can provide a practical tool for developers and planners who are not familiar with the concept of sustainable development.

Basic Principles of the 『Spleen-stomach theory』 by Li Dong-yuan (이동원(李東垣) 『비위론(脾胃論)』에 담겨 있는 생리기반이론)

  • Choi, Hee-Yun;Kim, Kwang-Joong
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.24 no.6
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    • pp.911-920
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    • 2010
  • The basic principles in the "Spleen-stomach theory(脾胃論)" sets up the phases and roles of spleen-stomach (脾胃) by establishing Earth(地 坤 土) and exposing the reality of spleen-stomach(脾胃) of human body which has its own shape and form with Heaven's reality exhibited. The meaning of Earth is based on the constant meaning of Earth in 'Earth Original-Earth as extended and stable ground(坤元一正之土)' giving form and shape, and Earth's movement with circulation, then exposes itself as 'Earth as plowing land(耕種之土)' concerning both the application of Five Phases and the physical characteristics of Earth. The Yin-Yang recognition on Earth is revealed as Yin Earth(陰土)-Yang Earth(陽土). Spleen(脾) was established as Yin Earth(陰土) and Stomach(胃) as Yang Earth(陽土). The seasonal assignment of Earth is Indian Summer(長夏), which is divided from Summer, and becomes Heat(熱), and the Yin-Yang recognition of Earth comes to be the meaning of the center and border. According to the Five Phasic recognition, it becomes Earth(土) and gets to be Dampness(濕) in accordance with Six Qi(六氣). 'Extreme Yin(至陰)' indicates Qi's status exposing the fundamental meaning regarding the role of creating, changing, and propelling Spleen-Stomach(脾胃) as a characteristic Yin Earth. Earth comprehends 'Four Courses(四維)' meaning, recognizes them as four parts of the 12 Earth's Branches(辰戌丑未) and the terminals of four seasons(四季之末), and has the meaning of the president of the change in four seasons. The theory of principle in the "Spleen-stomach theory(脾胃論)" stands on the basis of the 'Form Qi theory(形氣論)' and that of 'Upbearing, Downbearing, Floating, and Sinking theory(升降浮沈論)'. It manifests the theory of movement in the interaction between Form(形) and Qi(氣), and 'Qi Interior Form Exterior(氣裏形表)' indicates that Qi(氣) moves interiorly and Form(形) exteriorly.

A basic study on the animal welfare evaluation in Korean zoos (국내 동물원의 동물복지 평가에 관한 기초 연구)

  • Cho, Kyung Uk;Choe, Byung-In;Kim, Hwi Yool;Han, Jin Soo;Kim, Jin Suk
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.49 no.1
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    • pp.91-99
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    • 2009
  • The concept about zoo is changing from the animal exhibition which simply contained the animals to the ecological zoo which has the function of preserving the animal species. At the central point of maintaining such role, the basic principle called the animal welfare lies obviously. Korea has applied the animal welfare principles such as carrying out the enrichment in the zoos since 2003, but there has not been any institutional device to evaluate and examine the application of the animal welfare so far. This study aims to confirm the level of animal welfare in Korea and suggest a developmental direction. For the purpose of the study, 12 zoos in Korea were evaluated according to 68 evaluating categories. 'Five Principles of Animal Welfare' in the Secretary of State's Standards of Modern Zoo Practice were selected and carried out as the evaluation categories, and the result, from the highest to lowest score given, was 'provision of food and water', 'provision of protection from fear and distress', 'provision of health care', 'provision of an opportunity to express most normal behaviours', and 'provision of a suitable enrichment' with the overall score of the entire Korean zoos being 2.86 (${\pm}$ 0.56). It was also confirmed that in order to improve the animal welfare of the Korean zoos, the animal management system must be standardized and organized. The evaluation and feedback, the active practice of animal welfare and its legislative support should be provided to establish an effective institutional device as well.

A Study on the Meaning of Letter-Shaped House Plan and the Housing Principles of the Imchonggak in Andong (안동(安東) 임청각(臨淸閣)의 문자형태(文字形態)에 나타난 의미(意味)와 택법(宅法)에 관한 연구(硏究))

  • Jang, Baec-Kie;Cho, Sung-Ki
    • Journal of architectural history
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    • v.10 no.3 s.27
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    • pp.25-43
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    • 2001
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate the meaning of letter-shaped house plan of the Imchongak in Andong and to Analyze its housing principles. The letter-shaped house plan of the Imchongak lays its root in the traditional Eastern thoughts, showing feature of Taolsm. The Imchongak applied the principles of a good land and a good house, which are originated from the Yonyang theory, Five elements theory, Poongsochiri, housing principles and letter shapes of good fortune. The letter shape of the Imchongak is 用(as below), and 日, 月, and 明 are contained in it. The lette 明means brightening the mind and life of human being by himself. The letter 用 is shaped to express the idea of Cheayong Theory of Confucianism, which refer to everlasting interaction of all thing in the universe. In applying the housing principles, Potaebob was used for the orientation of the house. Samhabbob, Jungeomjungyangbob and Dongsusataecbob were utilized to locate the gate. In addition, Dongsusataecbob was used for the positioning of rooms in most cases. The Imchongak succeeded traditional Eastern thoughts and it realized the concept and philosophical idea of Confucianism as a house. What is importan in the house plan of the Imchongak is that it repesents the ideal of Confucians in Chosun Dyansty that the man, house, nature, and universe are one. It also advocates ideology of Confucianism which emphasizes that a human life can be completed when man live together with the nature and harmonize themselves with it.

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A Study on the Changes of the Basic Principles for the Examination of Documents and of Transport Document Related Articles under UCP600 (UCP 600의 서류심사기준(書類審査基準)의 기본원칙(基本原則)과 운송서류관련조항(運送書類關聯條項)의 변경내용(變更內容)에 관한 연구)

  • Oh, Won-Suk;Seo, Kyeong
    • THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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    • v.43
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    • pp.117-142
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    • 2009
  • The purpose of this paper is to examine the basic principles for the examination of documents in terms of the basic duty to examine the documents, the time allowed to the banks to examine the documents, linkage among the documents, the originality of documents and their issuers, and the rejection formula of documents. Further this author would look at the changes of particular transport document including bill of lading, charter-party bill of lading and so on. From the seller's perspective, the changes of the principles and individual documents under UCP600 are the most important in the sense that they affect the criteria against which the payment is made. The major changes include the omission of the phrase "with reasonable care", in terms of the basic examination principles, substitute the phrase "five banking days following the day of presentation" for the phrase "reasonable time, not to exceed seven banking days following the days of receipt of documents", introduce the new wording about the linkage between the documents tendered, and make clear the meaning of the originality of documents as well as the rejection formula. For transport documents, even though dealing with bill of lading, charter-party bill of lading, transport document covering at least two different modes of transport, freight-forwarder bill of lading and freight collect transport documents, this paper focuses on the "transhipment" of bill of lading and the definition of charter-party bill of lading. Thus, UCP has been changed several times to reflect the new banking customs and practice. It, however, would not answer every questions which users and banks will raise. These questions may be best answered in the particular underlying contract. The UCP are necessary but not a sufficient instrument for the smooth operation of an international trade transaction. The rules are now out: it remains to be seen what the players do with it.

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Secondary School Science Teachers' Perceptions about the MixingPhenomenon Related to Dissolution and Diffusion (용해와확산에 관련된 혼합 현상에 대한 중등 과학교사들의 사고 특성)

  • Hur, Mi-Youn;Paik, Seong-Hey
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.53 no.5
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    • pp.585-608
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    • 2009
  • The aim of this study was to research the characteristics of science teachers' thinking related to dissolution and diffusion. For this study, five science teachers who majored in chemistry or chemistry education were selected and interviewed. These teachers have been teaching on average for 2$\sim$6 years. From the study, it was discovered that the science teachers didn't recognize the necessity of sorting out diffusion from dissolution. The teachers divided in various mixing phenomena with diverse criteria. The science teachers had difficulty in sorting out diffusion from dissolution based on solubility and Gibbs' energy. The teachers didn't see the linkage between the contents that were divided into chapters, and didn't find omitted contents themselves in the chapters that introduced applicable principles. During the interviews, the teachers felt the need to understand the principles for understanding phenomena. But they did not have the ability to teach these principles after learning about the principles themselves. Therefore, it is necessary to develop teacher education programs, as well as a science curriculum, that helps in linking the knowledge between natural phenomena and principles.