• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.789-798
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• 2009

In Sasang constitutional medicine, I have researched the process of visceral structure in the Eight Constitutionals under circulation of the five elements and the formation of primary source of illness. From this research, I could draw following conclusions through combination of the auxiliary psycho-formulas by applying the constitutional acupuncture therapy on the five elements diagnostic calculation. Since the arrangement for the five dimensions of organs in the eight constitutions has been formulated by circulation of the five elements in Sasang constitutions, if the five elements begin circulating count-clockwise from the reference point at the organs in Sasang constitutional medicine, the positive constitutional arrangement of organs is built up such as, the positive constitution of metal, earth, wood and water, while begin circulating clockwise, the negative constitutional arrangement of organs is formulated, such as the negative constitutions of metal, earth, wood and water. The source of illness results from imbalance of the organic force being generated by transfer of the five elements from compatibility to incompatibility when the five elements circulate. Hence, it has been acknowledged that if the source of illness comes from the strongest organ, it is the time when circulation of the five elements progresses from the second organ (the second strongest) in incompatibility, and if the source of illness comes from the weakest organ, it is the time when circulation of the five elements progresses from the third organ (the middle) in incompatibility. It is considered proper to diagnose meridians of the pericardium and the Triple Burners rather than to diagnose meridians of the heart and the small intestine which forms the visceral arrangement of the eight constitutions. For instance, the auxiliary psycho-formula obtains its prescription by attenuating the first organ (the strongest) while augmenting the fourth organ (the second weakest) when the axis of incompatibility in the five elements circulation crosses the second and the third organs, and it gets its prescription by attenuating the second organ(the second strongest) while augmenting the fifth organ(the weakest) when the axis of incompatibility in the five elements circulation crosses the third and the fourth organs. In addition, when medicating, the $4{\sim}5$ times of repeated performance can be assumed to represent the amount of an energy that each organ bears depending on the phase in the arrangement of the eight constitutional organs.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.47-54
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• 2007

Objection : A medicine which is patient-initiative and preventive is required in Korea, which is going to an aging society. On this, we started this study to make a new rule to diagnose and treat more definitely by linking traditional Oriental medicine to Sasang Constitional medicine, which thought to be suitable because of Sasang Constitional medicine has been valued on staying, diet and human's nature which means preventive medical propensity. Methods : On this study, we discriminated Sasang Constition of 161 students, who is in college of oriental medicine, Wonkwang university, by using QSCCII program; and in those students, we checked 30 volunteers's five vicera's Back-su point on riging and depression, tenderness reaction, and color reaction after cupping treatment. Results : As a result of study of riging and depression of five vicera's Back-su point, we could confirm that defecient organ's Back-su point were more depressed than excess organ in Seum-in, Taeeum-in, Soyang-in. As a result of study of tenderness reaction of five vicera's Back-su point, we could confirm that excess organ's Back-su point showed stronger tenderness reaction than defecient organ in Seum-in, Taeeum-in; and excess organ's Back-su point showed weaker tenderness reaction than defecient organ in Soyang-in. As a result of study of color reaction after cupping treatment of five vicera's Back-su point, we could confirm that excess organ's Back-su point showed stronger color reaction than defecient organ in Seum-in, Taeeum-in; and excess organ's Back-su point showed weaker color reaction than defecient organ in Soyang-in. Those data suggest that there are close correlation between Sasang Constition and on riging and depression, tenderness reaction, and color reaction after cupping treatment of five vicera's Back-su point in treditional Oriental medicine. Conclusions : From this study, we can make a new rule to differentiate Sasang Constition by clearfy a relation between Sasang Constition and five vicera's Back-su point; and with this rule, we could contribute to popularization and objectification of Sasang Constition medicine and further more, Oriental medicine by making a Sasang Constition diagnosis instrument. With this, a trait of Sasang Constition medicine that is preventive and valued on character of individuals will contribute to building a patient-initiative and preventive medical system and will expend the domain of Oriental medicine.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 1994

From the consideration of stages and their origins assigned to the five elements by connecting O-Shin(五神) with the five organs, centered on former documents, following were achieved. 1. From the age of civil wars, the mind has been connected to the part icular organ among the five organs : the has been considered as the main body of mind activity and the central organ which controls eve ry organ. 2. KWAN-JA(管子) and JANG-JA(莊子) wrote firstly written in connection between the mind and the whole five organs. 3. O-SHIN(五神) were materialized through the middle part and last year of Former China and after the five organs assignment of the natur e and the emotions. 4. O-SHIN(五神) orignated from HWANG-JE NAE-KYUNNG(黃帝內經) assigned as the liver soul, the heart spirit, the spleen ideas, the lung inferior spirit, and the kidney will.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.126-137
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• 2017

This study was aimed to develop the instrument of Korean medical pattern Identification and Functional Evaluation for Five Organ. This study followed seven steps, consisted of first composition of research members, second set-up of the aim, third review for advanced research, fourth finding an important index, fifth puting on the weight for index, sixth advice from linguist and last development of draft of questionnaire. Twenty two in and out researchers joined and put the weight on each question. We developed a draft version of questionnaire of Korean medical pattern identification and functional evaluation for five organ. Most questions between pattern identification and functional evaluation of five organ have similar weight, but several ones have difference in order. Generally, specific symptom represented specific location or related with pain have relatively higher weight on pattern identification, and weakness question gained weight on functional evaluation. We develop the questionnaire of Korean medical pattern identification and functional evaluation for five organ. Following study, which will evaluate the reliability and validity, is needed.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.246-255
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• 2014

Purpose: Along the process of organ transplantation, coordinators perform complex professional roles, playing as a key person among recipients, donors, family members and medical staffs. The purpose was to analyze the tasks of organ transplantation coordinators using DACUM method and to establish the basis for standardizing them in accordance with relevant laws and systems. Methods: Participants were consisted of 78 transplantation coordinators working at the medical centers in Korea. The questionnaire was administered to analyze the criticality, difficulty and frequency of task elements. Results: The job of organ transplantation was classified into five duties, 13 tasks, and 84 task elements. The five duties were recipient management, donor management, organ donation activation management, organ transplantation administration, and professional capability development. On the four-point scale: donor management was the duty with the highest criticality (3.68), organ donation activation management was the duty of highest difficulty (2.96), and recipient management was the duty of the highest frequency (3.32). Conclusion: This study will be useful for developing an educational program and as a reference of nurse practitioner qualifying examination. It is necessary to develop a comprehensive educational program for transplantation coordinators in order to support them to take their complex roles successfully.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1247-1260
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• 2009

This dissertation aims to study the five tastes in the Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine. Medicinals as well as Foods are classified by the five tastes: sweet, sour, bitter, salty and pungent, which can be tasted by the tongue. With the development of the theory dealing with the medicinal properties, some flavors are summarized out of clinical actions of medicinals, therefore, there is a little difference between the flavors of medicinal herbs and the tastes got by tongue. Each taste acts on or has direct influence on a specific vital organ, and each of which has different physiologic actions. Taste also has a long-term or post digestive effect on the body and its metabolism. When each taste is consumed in moderation, it benefits the corresponding organ. Over-indulgence in any taste harms the organ and creates imbalance among the five vital organ systems. The Korean medicinal herbs with same flavor mostly possess similar actions while the medicinal herbs with different flavors show different actions in the treatment, which are shown as follows. Sour has absorbing, consolidating and astringent actions and acts on the liver. Bitter has the actions of drying or resolving dampness, purging and lowering and acts on the heart. Sweet has the nourishing, harmonizing and moistening actions and acts on the spleen. Pungent has an action of dispersing and promoting circulation of gi and blood and acts on the lungs. Salty has the effects of softening hard nodes or masses and promoting defecation, etc and acts on the kidneys. The five organ systems control and support each other. Proper coordination only exists when there is no one organ stronger or weaker than the rest. Since the five tastes have direct influences on the five organs, the diet we take should have a good combination of the five tastes in order to promote internal balance and harmony. They control our well-being and create dietary balance. Excessive consumption of any of these could result in adverse effects. In a word, when the properties of the five tastes respectively are distinguished, their natures and flavors cannot be separately considered. I think the harmonization of food and medicinals should be stressed on good nutritional diet to maintain good health. The traditional belief that food and medicine share the same origin is a part of Korean medicine tradition.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.67-77
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• 2015

Objectives : This study is to verify the organ weights in Nanjing based on the weights of five viscera (五臟) in autopsy studies of modern times. Methods : Contents on organ weights from many annotations and articles on Nanjing were collected. Organ weights in autopsy studies dealt in many countries including China, India, U.S. and Korea were collected. Among the data, the average weights of liver, heart, spleen, pancreas, lung and kidney of males in the age of 18 to 60 were calculated, and the ratio of each organ was examined. Based on those results, the organ weights of Nanjing were evaluated. Results & Conclusions : There is a close correspondence between the organ weight ratios of liver(肝), heart(心), lung(肺) and kidney(腎) in Nanjing and those in autopsy studies. It proves that the organ weights in Nanjing were recorded based on an actual dissection. As a result of the analysis on autopsy studies, the average organ weights and the ratio among the organs were: liver 1416g(43.0%), heart 296g(9.0%), lung 1047g(31.8%), kidney 273g(8.3%), spleen 264g(4.5%) and pancrease 113g(3.4%). The weight of liver in Nanjing shall be 4 jin and 4 liang(4斤4兩) instead of 2 jin and 4 liang(2斤4兩) to occupy proper proportion out of other organs. It is highly possible that the weight of spleen(脾) in Nanjing is including the weight of pancrease(散膏), and the weight shall be 1 jin and 1 liang(1斤1兩) or 1 jin and 2 liang(1斤2兩) instead of 2 jin and 3 liang(2斤3兩) to occupy proper proportion out of other organs.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.1257-1263
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• 2006

Many automatic medical devices have been invented and developed mostly for the western medicine, not for the oriental medicine. Facial ocular inspection is one of the four diagnosis methods of oriental medicine, which makes a diagnosis of disease by observing the shape and color of patient's vital organs. In facial ocular inspection, the regions of five sensory organs and Myungdang are specially important. In this paper, we propose a novel method to extract the five sensory organ and Myungdang from a facial image for facial ocular inspection. Finally, we show the usefulness of the proposed method by experiments.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1437-1454
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• 2000

This study was designed to identify the attitudes of the people on organ donation and transplantation. The purpose of this study was to provide data to help inspire organ donation, and promote registration yield so donor candidates will have more favorable recipients through Q-methodology. A Q-sample was developed through a review of the literature and interviews. Thirty-three statements made up the final Q-sample. The P-sample consisted of twenty-eight subjects, excluding chronic organic disorder. The Q-sorts by each subject were coded and analyzed with the QUNAL computer program. The results were as follows: This study discovered five different types of organ donation and transplantation of twenty- eight subjects. Type I is 'utilitarian.' The people of this type consider human life very valuable and they recognize that organ transplantation is an affirmative medicine that should be performed to extend human life. They believe that are saving others' lives by donating organs. Type II is 'sardonist.' The people of this type approve of organ transplantation usefulness, but they have no intention of participating in the program because of it may trample on human rights. Type III is 'individualist.' The people of this type consider it proper for the activation of organ transplantation by the legal system. They believe that organ donation a valuable too, but needs support through social benefits to donors. Yet, they have not intention of doing what they propose. Type IV is 'familist.' The people of this type have strong attachments to life but they think that organ donation and transplantation should be done between within a family. Type IV is disposition of family intensive consideration rather than altruistic and utilitarianism. Type V is 'deontologist.' The people of this type recognize the benefits of transplantation, but have a negative opinion of activation. They worry about ethical and social problems occurring in the development of modern medicine. They believe that death is the only natural end to life, so they have strong negative opinions of euthanasia and brain death compared to other types. They regard transplantation to be a non-human behavior, because it involves a removing organs and breaking the boundary of death. The findings of this study are only preliminary and serve as a baseline to understanding the subjectivity of individuals on organ donation and transplantation. Therefore, the subjectivity of the five types will be applied to formulate the educational programs and public relations strategies for organ donation because the public's awareness toward organ donation is closely related to their values, beliefs, and attitudes.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.173-181
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to identify the reliability and the validity of Five Organs Questionnaire (FOQ). In this study, 335 data was collected from early adulthood of A-city, D-city and C-city in South Korea from Dec. 2016 to Jan. 2017, and the collected data was analyzed with SPSS 23.0 software. The result showed that the Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ of five organs was 0.775-0.853. The reliabilities of test and retest Intra Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the five organs were .891-.929 in pattern identification and .874-.930 in functional evaluation, respectively. Each organ was divided by two factors, and the factor loadings of Liver, Heart, Spleen, Lung and Kidney were 52.973%, 54.534%, 57.060%, 53.803%, and 46.337%, respectively. The functional evaluation of five organs was associated with self-rated health status as r was -.443 to -.583(p<.001), and quality of life as r was -.5.17 to -.716(p<.001), respectively. The test-retest diagnostic agreement was 67.2% and Kappa was 0.562. This study revealed that FOQ is a reliable and valid questionnaire.