• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.82-93
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• 2019

The International Labor Organization (ILO) selected fishing as the most dangerous group of jobs in the world, and it is well known in Korea as a 4D industry. Offshore large purse seine accounts for the largest portion of the fishing industry in the coastal region with high death rate and the accident rate. The repeated disaster rate survey by the Korea Maritime Institute (KMI) shows offshore large purse seiner is the highest at 22.3 percent and coastal gill nets and offshore stow net are following at 12.4 percent and 11.9 percent in order. Therefore, risk factors occurring in offshore large purse seiners were analyzed based on data from the National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives (NFFC) for three years from 2015 to 2017 and 4M (Man, Machine, Media, Management) 3E (Engineering, Education, Enforcement) techniques were used to provide a safe fishing environment. The number of accidents on offshore large purse seiners each year was more than 150, and the number of accidents on every fishing boats was as high as 17 percent in 2015. If the accident rate and the risk level were divided by insurance, the accident resulting from contact with machinery was the highest, and the risk of a contact with gear was low but frequently occurring. This was caused by collisions and contact with gear in situations where death and disappearance risk are not high, and accident types in situations where death and loss risk are considered to be contact with machinery, falls or other accidents. Through these analysis techniques, the frequency and risk of each type of accident on a offshore large purse seiners can be demonstrated, and it is expected to raise awareness of a safer fishing environment and contribute to the reduction of accidents.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.93-110
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• 1990

The basic purpose behind the Korean government's policy toward the Korean deep sea fishing industry is to limit growth of the industry. Therefore, the regulations on the industry are generally restrictive and interventionist. The policy is intended to maintain high domestic fish prices in order to protect the domestic coastal fishing industry. Some regulations have also been introduced to maintain "industrial order." Each fishing vessel must obtain a government permit for operation. The permit specifies the kind of fish it can catch, the area of sea in which it can operate, and the port at which it can unload its catches. The number of permits government issues each year is based on the estimates of the demand increase calculated by government officials, and the government traditionally has been fairly conservative in its estimation, reflecting its concern for fish price stabilization, which actually implies a gradual increase of the prices. There is also a restriction on importing vessels from abroad. This regulation is intended to protect the domestic shipbuilding industry. However, this regulation has resulted in an unusually high average age of Korean fishing vessels, causing fishing costs to rise. These regulations and the inflexible response of the regulators to changing circumstances have resulted in many problems: i) high domestic fish prices, which are, to some extent deliberately, inflated to three or four times the level of international prices, resulting in huge consumer welfare losses; ii) over-exploitation of coastal fish resources; iii) provision of a hospitable environment for inefficient firms to survive, which is especially evident from the fact that, despite the high fish prices in Korea, most of the firms in the industry do not enjoy high profitability. It also must be pointed out that the actual beneficiaries of the high fish prices are the large operators, who are protected from competition and provide most of the fish for domestic consumption, rather than the low-income fishing households and small coastal operators whom the policy was originally designed to help. This study proposes a set of regulatory reforms and policy changes which could Promote competition and equity within the industry and allow firms to reduce costs and increase productivity. Such changes can make the industry more efficient and internationally competitive. Major proposals are, among others: minimization of bureaucratic discretion in issuing fishing permits and maintaining transparency in the governments' decision-making processes; reduction of the government permit specifications and simplification of the operational categories within the industry; and removal of the restrictions on importing foreign fishing vessels.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.218-228
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• 2008

This paper describes on the real-time tracking of ship's dynamic behavior by AIS information in the coastal waters. The AIS data was received at a land station by using the antenna of AIS receiver mounted on the rooftop of the laboratory, Pukyong National University (PKNU), Busan, Korea, and stored as a NMEA format of serial output sentence of VDM(VHF Data-Link Message) and displayed on the ENC(Electronic Navigational Chart) of a PC-based ECDIS. In this study, the AIS receiver was mainly used to obtain the dynamic information that is necessary to evaluate and track the movement situation of training ship "KAYA" of PKNU in the coastal waters. The change of position with time for the ship turning under the rudder angle of port $30^{\circ}$ was correctly tracked with the turning circle of 940 m in diameter on the ENC of a PC-based ECDIS. Then, the dynamic information of the AIS system was updated every 6.29 seconds under the turning situation for the speed of 10.9 knots and every 21.65 seconds under the situation running at the speed of 11.05 knots on the straight line route of $155^{\circ}$, respectively. In case of AIS target tracking in the inshore zone behind large topographical obstructions, such as mountain and apartment buildings, the update rate of dynamic information was irregularly changed by the existence of land obstacles. However, the position tracking by AIS information under the situation existing no sea obstructions was achieved in real or near real-time and the instant presentation of course alternations for the ship was correctly monitored by using a PC-based ECDIS. From these results, we concluded that the PC-based ECDIS technology and methodology combined with the AIS information can be easily extended and applied to the surveillance and management for the fishing operation of fishing vessels in the coastal zone and in the EEZ fishing grounds.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.711-720
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• 2009

Characteristics of spectral irradiance based on the distance from the light source, which combined metal halide lamp and high-luminance light-emitting diode (LED) light, were studied to investigate a suitable operating method for fishing lamps of the next generation. A 380-780 nm wavelength radiation was superior when using 1 W electrical power in the order of metal halide lamp, blue LED, white LED, and combined LED lights. The wavelengths at which the irradiance was at a maximum were fixed to 581 nm for the light source, which was combined for each ratio. If the irradiance characteristics at 300-1100 nm wavelengths were set as 100%, the irradiance rates at 400-599 nm were 100%, 72.7%, 88.9%, and 69.5% for the blue, white, combined LED lights, and metal halide lamp, respectively. This indicated that the color rendering of the LED lights was dependent on the metal halide lamp light source. When the horizontal profiles (450-550 nm wavelength) of irradiances were compared to a different type of light source in the ratio white LED: combined LED lights: blue LED: metal halide lamp, the irradiated area of more than $0.01\;{\mu}mol/s/m^2/nm$ was in the ratio 1.0 : 1.3 : 1.7 : 37.3, respectively. Based on the radiation characteristics and irradiance according to the distance from the light source, LED lights have an estimated economic efficiency if used before and after operation of a metal halide lamp.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.146-167
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• 2001

Korea and China are two opposite countries located aside Yellow Sea and co-utilize the East China Sea. The two countries are close together from geological point of view, however, the competitive development of resources was more emphasized than the cooperative development of resources between the two countries because the special policy relationship. Additionally, after the communist government of China was founded in 1949, the political conception between the two countries was quite different. Therefore the establishment of appropriate international fisheries co-operation was impossible, and the international management problems of fisheries resources in Yellow Sea and East China Sea were let alone. UN convention on the Law of the Sea came to force in 1994, Korea and China adopted the exclusive economic zone system in 1996. On the other hand, Fisheries Law in Korea was enacted in 1953 in order to management of fisheries resources, and also China was enacted fisheries law in 1986. The two countries control the fisheries effort through fisheries license system, meanwhile through prohibition fishing area, prohibition fishing period, limitation of net size, and limitation of body length to conserve and manage the fisheries resource. The serious management methods of resource management in the two countries are similar such as the creation of promptly decreased species and those species that have commercial value, discharge of fish seedling stock, settlement of artificial reef and clean of fishing ground. Therefore, the two countries should consider not only the improvement of formal law system, but also how to recover the fisheries resources in circumference water zone and how to improve the efficiency of fisheries resource management. Specially the settlement and management of artificial reef should be chosen in the area that have the highest benefit to two countries, and should establish the common management system of discharge of fish seedling stock. And the two countries should adopt the same criteria through technical management and limitation of net size, limitation of body length, and prohibition area of special fisheries to ensure the highest fisheries benefit of fisherman in the two countries and the highest efficiency of fisheries resource management.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.282-294
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• 2004

Catches of Argentine shortfin squid Illex argentinus showed a sharp decrease, reaching 99,000ton in 1993 and 56,700ton in 1994, and then increased again reaching 130,300ton in 1997 from 78,600 ton in 1996. The Korean squid jigging fishery around Falkland for Illex argentinus commences usually its operation in January and lasts August and peak in catch was showed from March to May. To elucidate possible environmental effects on their abundance during the main fishing season in 1993-1994 and 1996-1997, sea surface temperatures were used as an indicator of the position and strength of the oceanographic structures in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. The high catch and catch per unit effort of Illex argentinus was showed when the Faliland Current was not affected in the fishing area in 1993 and 1997. But they were sharply decreased from the middle of April 1994 and the late of April 1996 when the Faliland Current directly affects the fishing ground.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.157-162
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• 1987

The basic experiments on the plastic sea eel pots used in fishing were carried out in order to investigate the elasticity of the funnel ribs, hydrodynamic resistance, sinking time and diffusion of the bait from June to October, 1987. The elasticity of the bamboo funnel ribs was higher than that of the polypropylene ribs up to the load 150g. The hydrodynamic resistance R (kg) of the pots towing to the head direction horizontally in relation to towing velocity V (m/sec) was expressed as following formula; R=0.36V super(2.01) and coefficient of drag C sub(D) was 0.52. The sinking times of the covered pots by tape fully or partially were late 1-2 second than the typical pots within the water depth 7.5m. The diffusion tendency through the covered pots using dye and sardine extracts solution was concentrated to the entrance more than the typical pots. However, fishing efficiency as number and weight of fish per pots for nine times fishing operation was revealed no difference between the covered pots and the typical pots.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.199-206
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• 2005

As the basic study about improvement of yellow croaker drift gill net fishing implement and development of the fishing system, this study drew problem after synthetically analyzing hauling system of yellow croaker drift gill net used in the coast of Chuja Island and tested several characters and analyzed in hauling process with 5 step net hauler model for improving the problem. The analysis results are as follows. When the angle between axises of drum centers was small, it showed the tendency that hauling time was fast. Hauling time was faster when drum was 5 step rather than 3 step. When drum was 5 step, slippery phenomenon was small and hauling was stable. Tension was larger when drum was 5 step rather than 3 step. When drum was 5 step, the range of change of the maximum and minimum value was small and hauling was stable. When drum was 3 step, there was following formula between hauling time ($Ht_3$) and angle between axises of drum centers ($A_g$) $Ht_3$ : ($7.15Hs^{-0.81}$) $A_g^{-0.81}$, when drum was 5 step there was following formula.$Ht_5$ : ($6.45Hs^{-0.75}$) $A_g0.10$, here, Hs is hauling speed. When drum was 3 step and hauling speed was 28cm/sec, tension was $T=0.08A_8^3-1.60A_g^3-0.49A_g+369.56(r=0.99)$, when drum was 5 step, tension was, $T=-0.01A_g^3+1.96A_g^2-34.05A_g+414.58$ (r-0.99), here, T was tension(g).

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.420-427
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• 2016

The marine equipment companies expanding facility investment in accordance with the booming economy are suffering from the reduced demand and the growth of chinese businesses. In this regard, the risk of overinvestment and the importance of prudent equipment investment must be reconsidered. Thus, in this study we performed a productivity and economical efficiency analysis in order to evaluate the investment value on production facilities in a company under the present conditions. The freezer of a fishing vessel manufactured by N company is selected as the subject of our study, while the assembly and welding cooling plates are configured as the scope of automation. Analysis on productivity and economical efficiency was conducted through CYCLONE (Cyclic Operation Network) simulation and economic analysis methods after analyzing the production process of freezer. The proposed analytical technique can be used to support the investment decision in production automation equipment of fishing vessels freezer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2018.11a
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• pp.241-247
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• 2018

Deep-sea fishing vessel No. 501 Oryong was fully flooded through its openings and sunk to the bottom of the sea due to the very rough sea weather on the way of evasion after a fishing operation in the Bearing Sea. As a result, many crew members died and/or were missing. In this study, a full-scale ship flooding and sinking simulation was conducted, and the sinking process was analyzed for the precise and scientific investigation of the sinking accident using a highly advanced Modeling & Simulation (M&S) system of the Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) analysis technique. To objectively secure the weather and sea states during the sinking accident in the Bering Sea, time-based wind and wave simulation at the region of the sinking accident was conducted and analyzed, and the weather and sea states were realized by simulating the irregular strong wave and wind spectrums. Simulation scenarios were developed and full-scale ship and fluid (air & seawater) modeling was performed for the flooding sinking simulation, by investigating the hull form, structural arrangement & weight distribution, and exterior inflow openings and interior flooding paths through its drawings, and by estimating the main tank capacities and their loading status. It was confirmed that the flooding and sinking accident was slightly different from a general capsize and sinking accident according to the simple loss of stability.