• Health Policy and Management
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.469-481
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• 2019

Background: As South Korea is becoming an aged society very rapidly, the increase in osteoarthritis prevalence raises various public health issues in this country. This study aimed to explore the socio-demographic factors associated with osteoarthritis in the current Korean elderlies. Methods: Using the National Survey of Korean Elderly data (2014, 2017), we analyzed 20,326 elderlies (males, 8,248; females, 12,078) and conducted multivariate logistic regression analyses by sex. The dependent variable is whether a participant was diagnosed with osteoarthritis or not. Independent variables of interest is socio-demographic factors such as age, marital status, household type, residential area, household income, religion, the longest job, the number of close relatives, the number of close friends, and survey year. Control variables are various health behavioral factors and disease-related factors. Results: Prevalence of osteoarthritis was 19.2% in male elderlies and 47.0% in female elderlies. According to the results of the multivariate logistic regression adjusted for all studied control variables, the odds ratio (OR) for having osteoarthritis of under-elementary school graduates (their counterpart was college graduate group) was 1.81 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29-2.52) in males and 1.67 (95% CI, 1.12-2.47) in females. The OR of those having a job in agriculture & forestry fishery as their longest job (their counterpart was those who had never participated in labor force during their lifetime) was 5.07 (95% CI, 1.46-17.58) in males and 1.49 (95% CI, 1.27-1.74) in females. In males, the second-low quartile group in household yearly income (their counterpart was the highest quartile group) had the OR of 1.22 (95% CI, 0.98-1.53). In females, the OR of those having a religion of Buddhism (their counterpart was those having no religion) was 1.20 (95% CI, 1.07-1.35) and the OR of those who had no relatives (their counterpart was those having more than 3 close relatives) was 1.31 (95% CI, 1.10-1.56). Conclusion: This study found that in Korean elderlies, education, the longest job, household income, religion, and the number of close relatives are associated with their suffering from osteoarthritis. Further study and designing appropriate interventions are needed to alleviate current and future individual and socioeconomic burdens of osteoarthritis in an aged society like South Korea.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.75-87
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• 1992

Cultivation of competent manpower is recognized as one of the important factors in the development of fisheries as well as of other industries. For reference to the development of education of fisheries high schools in the Republic of Korea, the author carried out a study on the education in Japan. The reason is why the education on fisheries had been initiated in Japan and her educational system has played the role of a model for neighboring countries. Even though the education on fisheries tends to shrink a little in recent years by diffusing the unwilling tendency to engage in 3D (dirty, difficult and dangerous) jobs, there are fifty-one high schools educating fisheries in Japan. Thirty-eight of them are specialized fisheries high schools and the others are comprehensive high schools to put common course and fisheries course together. In the first step of study, the goal of education on fisheries, organization of department and arrangement of curriculum are analysed. 1. In the newly arranged curriculum which will come into effect from 1994, the goal of education on fisheries is set up as "By educating fundamental knowledge and technology on the production and circulation in the field of fisheries, have students understand the significance and role of fisheries, and so cultivate ability and active attitude to the development of fisheries". The goal means that the circulation of fishery products are regarded as important as the production itself, and active attitude to the development of fisheries is also stressed, different from the present goal. 2. Standard departments directed by the Government are set up as five-Departments of Marine Fishing, of Fisheries Engineering, of Information Communication, of Fish Culture, of Sea Foods. But they are actually organized and named by the founders of schools-local government. Then there are many unique-named departments and the management of schools are somewhat flexible according to the situation of local district. 3. Special subjects are revised to twenty-four in the new curriculum from twenty-two in the present curriculum. Among them the contents are widely revised in the subjects such as Introduction to Fisheries, Fisheries Engineering, Communication Engineering, Communication Technology, Fish Culture. On the other hand, five subjects such as Information Treatment on Fisheries, Information Technology on Fisheries, Subjective Study, Fisheries Economics, Circulation of Sea Foods are newly set up to meet the changing phase of the time.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.453-465
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• 2017

UN adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015, a set of 17 objectives with 169 targets expected to guide actions over the next 15 years (2016-2030). One goal expressly focuses on the oceans, that is, SDG 14 'Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development'. More than 30% of fish stocks worldwide were classified by FAO(2016) as overfished. Globally, world capture fisheries are near the ocean's productive capacity with catches on the order of 80 million metric tons. Aquaculture production is increasing rapidly and is expected to continue to increase, but aquaculture encounters some environmental challenges, including potential pollution, competition with wild fishery resources, potential contamination of gene pools, disease problems, and loss of habitat. Accordingly, there have been a variety of world organization and conferences stressing the importance of the implementation of the ecosystem-based fisheries management(EBFM) to overcome these problems. Annual catch of Korean fisheries have shown continuously declining patterns since late 1990s. Most fish stocks are currently known to be over-exploited, and some stocks are depleted due to the increase in fishing intensity and over-capitalization of fishing fleets. Other reasons for the depletion are land reclamations and coastal pollution, which destroy spawning and nursery grounds along the coastal regions. Aquaculture production is also increasing rapidly in Korea. However, several important issues such as gene pool and interaction with capture fisheries should be considered. The EBFM approach should use the best available information coupled with a reasonable application of the precautionary approach. The EBFM has global relevance, and so the real challenge will be to develop and use reliable, robust and cost-effective means of assessing and monitoring the status of ecosystems and their resources, and rapid means of detecting any undesirable and excessive impacts that threaten sustainable use. Future fisheries education should take into account UN's SDGs, which were adopted to achieve the global 2030 agenda. However, there are some difficulties in the current fisheries education system in Korea. First, the current education organizations are limited within the old frame of traditional fisheries sciences. Second, the fisheries education is currently lack of the future-oriented education system and of customized schools or departments. Third, the on-going fisheries education has been based upon few educational policies which are sufficiently relevant to holistic SDGs of the global standard. Accordingly, directions to modern fisheries education for achieving SDGs would be, first, the transition of fisheries education structure into the future-oriented and customized education system. Second, fisheries education needs to shift to the new paradigm, which combines traditional fisheries science education with related fields such as oceanography and environmental sciences to adopt the concept of EBFM. Lastly, fisheries education should accompany relevant policies for effectively achieving SDGs.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.219-234
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• 1998

This study examines spatial characteristics of residential distribution and occupational composition of Korean emmigrants who live in China, United States, and Japan. The data used are The Conditions of Korean Emmigrants published by Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1995. Analysis method used this data are as follows: 1) to clarify the tendency and spatial distribution of Korean emmigrants in each nation. 2) to grasp the residential distribution of Korean emmigrants in China, United States, and Japan where many Koreans have lived. 3) to analyze the occupational composition and its spatial characteristics of Korean emmigrants. The main findindgs obtained are summarized as follows: Farmer, forester, stock farmer, and fishery occupy over 50% of the employees of Korean emmigrants in China; traders and other employees occupy about three-fourths of the employees of Korean emmigrants in United States; and other employees occupy about 80% of the employees of Korean emmigrants in Japan. Therefore, the ratio of occupational composition of Korean emmigrants was influenced by emmigration motive, level of economic development of emmigration nation, restrictive condition for ethnic minority, and social status before emmigration etc. Specialized occupational composition in region where many Korean emmigrants in each nation lived was that the highest specialized occupation in region including primary city in population scale is trader; the highest specialized occupation in region including secondary city is manufacturing employee, and the highest specialized occupation in region including third city has transitional characteristics of each region including primary and secondary city. And professional occupation such as lawyer, doctor, religionist and educator appeared to the region including primary city. Finally, Korean emmigrants in United States and Japan contributed to the revitalization of inner city areas. And potential ethnic organization can be seen in church, mass media, and enterprise association in United States, but it can be seen in community shopping association in Japan, Because American society is based on Christianity but Japanese society is not.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2006.06b
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• pp.163-170
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• 2006

Together with the trend of enhancement in domestic industrial development and economic progress due to import and export, the demand for construction of the roads, bridges, especially port facilities, and several coastal protection and ocean structures is increasing rapidly. MOMAF of Korean Government is driving construction of 9 new ports and renovation of the existing fishery ports. Among these structures most of bridge base, wharves, dolphins, quays, and jetties are being newly built of steel or concrete pile. As the base, supporting bulkheads, and piles are underwater after construction, it is difficult to figure out the status of structures and not enough to get maintenance and strengthen the structures. Every year, moreover, these works suck the government budget due to higher incomplete maintenance expense for protection from corrosions of structures and increased underwater construction period. For the purpose of cutting down the expense of government budget, it is necessary to extend the life cycle of the existing structures. Therefore, we developed a new method for maintenance of submerged structures near the waterline by allowing dry work environment with the floating caisson. The method shows easy to move around the working area and handle. It also showed not only a significant reduction maintenance expenses and time for anti-corrosion work but also better protection. This will be a milestone to reduce the maintenance and construction expenses for the shore and water structures.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.404-415
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• 2018

This descriptive research investigates the knowledge of and attitude toward HIV/AIDS among individuals in their 20s to 40s. This study also analyzes the results of the 2011 and 2013 community health surveys to identify the factors influencing their knowledge and attitude. The study subjects were 20 to 49 years old, and the final analysis included 182,315 subjects. The collected data were analyzed through t-tests, ANOVA, correlational analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The survey results showed a high level of knowledge of HIV/AIDS, with 69.4% correct answers. Most individuals lacked knowledge regarding routes of infection, and those in their 20s had the lowest percentage of correct answers. As for attitude toward HIV/AIDS, 44.3% showed a negative attitude. The scores for knowledge and attitude toward HIV/AIDS were higher among males, unmarried individuals, individuals with a higher income, individuals with a higher level of education, individuals working in agriculture, forestry, or fishery, managers, professions that were not homemakers/unemployed, and professional soldiers. A positive correlation (r=0.27, p<0.001) was observed between knowledge and attitude. The factors influencing AIDS knowledge and attitude were gender, marital status, income level, occupation, and education level. This study confirmed that there is a difference by age group. As such, educational programs customized by age and other characteristics are expected to be more effective in enhancing knowledge and in developing a more positive attitude towards HIV/AIDS.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.595-602
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• 2020

This study analyzes the plan to increase the social value of the KRC (Korea Rural Community Corporation). For this aim, this study examines the current status of participation in the KRC business and the social value, targeting the farmers among the external stakeholders and derived the main characteristics and important projects of the KRC using network analysis. As a result of network analysis, the rural water management business was found to be the most important business in most regions (Rural Water Development Business 0.805, Agricultural and Fishery Production Base Maintenance Business 0.758, Farmland Banking Business 0.762, Regional Development Business 0.643). On the other hand, in the case of Jeju, the agricultural production base improvement business and the regional development project were found to be the most important projects of KRC due to the unique characteristics of the region. The results of this kind of analysis differ in the importance between KRC business by region, and it is necessary to carefully review the local conditions in order to enhance social value through KRC business in the future. However, since the value of degree centrality between each business is different for each region, efforts to increase the value of KRC's social value, while accounting for local conditions, are needed.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.85-108
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• 2014

This study provides the information about size, financial structure, profitability and growth of franchisors using financial data(asset, liability, equity, sales volume, operating income and net income) in uniform franchise offering circular of fair trade commission. The data were collected from 1,050 franchisors in various business fields: fast food, family restaurant, bakery, agriculture & fishery and liquor shop in the uniform franchise offering circular in 2012 and 2011. Results of this study are as follows: For company size, median of total assets was KRW 675 million and the accumulated median assets rate was 0.48%, but the accumulated median company numbers were 49.9%, which showed small size. For financial structure, 525 companies were below 200% debt ratio, while 314 (29.9%) companies were in over 200% debt, and 211 (20.1%) companies were impaired in capital. These also showed financial structure was vulunerable. For profitability, median of ROA for total companies were only 4.72%, which showed low profitability. For growth, median of growth rate for sales were 7.57% per year, which showed mature industry. In overall, the results showed franchisors should improve their financial status.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.496-503
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• 2022

In the reality that the fishing population is decreasing and the single-man fishing vessels is increasing, mandatory equipment for navigation and radio equipments for the safety of fishing boats has continued to be added. Therefore, many equipment such as navigation, communication and fishing are installed in the narrow steering room, so it is very confusing and a number of monitors are placed in the front, which is a factor that degrades the function of maritime observation. To solve this problem, we studied an interface that integrates and operates to major radio facilities such as very high frequency-digital selective calling equipment (VHF-DSC), automatic identification system (AIS) and fishing boat location transmission device (V-pass) into one multi function display (MFD) based on LAN. In addition, IEC61162-450 UDP packets and IEC61162 sentence were applied to exchange data through link between MFD and radio equipments, and additional messages needed for each equipment and function were defined. The integrated MFD monitor is easily operated by the menu method, and the performance of the interface was evaluated by checking the distress and emergency communication functions related to maritime safety and the message transmission status by equipment.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.73-82
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• 1991

In recent years, the communication and the trade between the Republic of Korea(South Korea) and the Communist bloc has been activated. The simultaneous entrance of South Korea and North Korea to the United Nations will accelerate the political dialogue and also the trade which is indirectly carried out through a third country at present will be turned into direct way. Fisheries products are also treated as one of the important trade goods and there is a hopeful prospect that the amount of trade will be steeply increased in the near future. Furthermore, there is a great possibility of development up to the joint utilization of fishing grounds or the joint investment in fisheries projects. Concerning such points, since it is very much important to understand the present status of fisheries in North Korea, the author made a study on this field as requested by the Board of Unification, and report a part of the study here. The prominent character of North Korea's ruling sea area is that the sea is completely separated into two regions-the East Sea Region and the West Sea Region-and no continuity exists between them. The East Sea Region locates in the fringe of the biggest fishing ground of the world-the North Pacific Ocean-and very rich in resources not only warm water fishes but also cold water fishes. Especially alaska pollack, Theragra chalcogramma, is caught abundantly in this region. Contrary to that, fishing activity in the West Sea Region seems to be interrupted in winter. Even though some valuable warm water fishes-yellow corvenia, Pseudosciaena manchurica, and hair tail, Trichiurus lepturus, and so forth-come to this region from spring to summer along the coast line of this region for spawning, and vigorous fishing activity is carried out. But the most of them migrate southward to the neighboring waters of Cheju Island for wintering from autumn to winter, and so the fishing activity in this region seems to be interrupted greatly during winter. The total number of fishing boats in North Korea is estimated at 36 thousand and the rate of mechnization at about 70% compared with 99 thousand and 78% in South Korea. North Korea proclaimed an exclusive economic zone of 200 nautical miles in 1977. Specific character of this zone is setting of military boundary zone, up to 50 miles from the base line in the East Sea Region and also it covers whole region of the economic zone in the West Sea Region. Especially in the East Sea Region she set up a straight base line which can not be permissible by the international law. North Korea's statistics on fisheries product has not been announced officially on account of her unique isolationism, but it can be estimated through several data procured. At the first, the amount of fisheries products in the North Korea is reported as about 1.7 million ${\frac{M}{T}}$ by Fisheries Statistics which issued by the FAO in 1987, but a North Korea's trade organization announced the amount as 3.5 million ${\frac{M}{T}}$ in 1988. The former seems to be underestimated and the latter must be an exaggeration. According to Chikuni, who is a Japanese worker for FAO, prepared the unofficial statistics based on the evidence which he collected through the fineries development plan of the FAO/UNDP, and estimated the mean amount between 1982 and 1984 was 2.4 million ${\frac{M}{T}}$ or so. The Board of Unification estimated on the basis of various factors that the amount was 2.2 million ${\frac{M}{T}}$ or so in 1987 and in 1988. This seems to be the most reasonable. To solve the chronic lack of foreign currency, North Korea makes effort on the development of fisheries, and has even aimed fisheries product at 11 million ${\frac{M}{T}}$ by 1993, but this target looks unrealistic under the present circumstances. Somehow, we can exploit her extreme policy which has gone so far as to establish such an excessive and impractical target. Nevertheless this will be helpful to promote the joint development of the fishery activity between South Korea and North Korea.