• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2023

Wavefront-coding imaging can achieve high-quality imaging along with a wide range of defocus. In this paper, the anti-laser detection and damage performance of wavefront-coding imaging systems using different asymmetric phase masks are studied, through modeling and simulation. Based on FresnelKirchhoff diffraction theory, the laser-propagation model of the wavefront-coding imaging system is established. The model uses defocus distance rather than wave aberration to characterize the degree of defocus of an imaging system. Then, based on a given defocus range, an optimization method based on Fisher information is used to determine the optimal phase-mask parameters. Finally, the anti-laser detection and damage performance of asymmetric phase masks at different defocus distances and propagation distances are simulated and analyzed. When studying the influence of defocus distance, compared to conventional imaging, the maximum single-pixel receiving power and echo-detection receiving power of asymmetric phase masks are reduced by about one and two orders of magnitude respectively. When exploring the influence of propagation distance, the maximum single-pixel receiving power of asymmetric phase masks decreases by about one order of magnitude and remains stable, and the echodetection receiving power gradually decreases with increasing propagation distance, until it approaches zero.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.259-263
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• 2015

Background: In the field of cancer, the ICD-10 coding convention is based on the site of a neoplasm in the body and usually ignores the morphology, thus the same code may be assigned to tumors of different morphologic types in an organ. Nowadays, all general (provincial) and center hospitals in Thailand are equipped with the hospital information system (HIS) database. Objective: This study aimed to find the characteristics and magnitude of agreement represented by the positive predictive value (PPV) of provisional cancer diagnoses in the HIS database in Pattani Hospital in Thailand in comparison with the final cancer diagnosis of the ICD-10 codes generated from a well established cancer registry in Songklanagarind Hospital, the medical school hospital of Prince of Songkla University. Materials and Methods: Data on cancer patients residing in Pattani province who visited Pattani Hospital from January 2007 to May 2011 were obtained from the HIS database. The ICD-10 codes of the HIS computer database of Pattani Hospital were compared against the ICD-10 codes of the same person recorded in the hospital-based cancer registry of Songklanagarind Hospital. The degree of agreement or positive predictive value (PPV) was calculated for each sex and for both sexes combined. Results: A total of 313 cases (15.9%) could be matched in the two databases. Some 222 cases, 109 males and 113 females, fulfilled the criteria of referral from Pattani to Songklanagarind Hospitals. Of 109 male cancer cases, 76 had the same ICD-10 codes in both hospitals, thus, the PPV was 69.7% (95%CI: 60.2-78.2%). Agreement in 76 out of 113 females gave a PPV of 67.3% (95%CI: 57.8-75.8%). The two percentages were found non-significant with Fisher's exact p-value of 0.773. The PPV for combined cases of both sexes was 68.5% (95%CI: 61.9-74.5%). Conclusions: Changes in final diagnosis in the referral system are common, thus the summary statistics of a hospital without full investigation facilities must be used with care, as the statistics are biased towards simple diseases able to be investigated by available facilities. A systematic feedback of patient information from a tertiary to a referring hospital should be considered to increase the accuracy of statistics and to improve the comprehensive care of cancer patients.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.183-191
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• 2010

Unique and invariant biometric characteristics have been used for secure user authentication. Storing original biometric data is not acceptable due to privacy and security concerns of biometric technology. In order to enhance the security of the biometric data, the cancelable biometrics was introduced. Using revocable and non-invertible transformation, the cancelable biometrics can provide a way of more secure biometric authentication. In this paper, we present a new cancelable bits extraction method for the facial data. For the feature extraction, the Subpattern-based Principle Component Analysis (PCA) is adopted. The Subpattern-based PCA divides a whole image into a set of partitioned subpatterns and extracts principle components from each subpattern area. The feature extracted by using Subpattern-based PCA is discretized with a helper data based method. The elements of the obtained bits are evaluated and ordered according to a measure based on the fisher criterion. Finally, the most discriminative bits are chosen as the biometric bits string and used for authentication of each identity. Even if the generated bits string is compromised, new bits string can be generated simply by changing the helper data. Because, the helper data utilizes partial information of the feature, the proposed method does not reveal privacy sensitive biometric information of the user. For a security evaluation of the proposed method, a scenario in which the helper is compromised by an adversary is also considered.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.672-676
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• 2006

Purpose : Low dose aspirin is used due to its antiplatelet effect for the subacute phase of Kawasaki disease(KD). It is usually used for 6-8 weeks, then various hematologic laboratory tests and follow up echocardiography for evaluating coronary abnormalities are performed. Our review investigated the usefulness of various follow up laboratory tests performed at 6 weeks after the onset of KD. Methods : Two hundred eighty-two children diagnosed and hospitalized with KD were identified by reviewing patient's charts. Cases which were diagnosed between January 1997 and December 2004 were included in this study. We reviewed laboratory data including leukocytes, platelet counts, antistreptolysin O(ASO), erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR), C-reactive protein(CRP), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), urinalysis, and echocardiograms performed at admission and 6 weeks after the onset of KD. Paired t-test and Fisher's exact test, as well as logistic regression tests, were used for the statistical analysis. Results : At 6th week data, ESR and CRP were still elevated in 35(12.4 percent) and 12(4.3 percent) patients, respectively. Sterile pyuria were all normalized. But, 36 patients(12.8 percent) showed thrombocytosis, 22(7.8 percent) elevated AST, 15(5.3 percent) leukocytosis, and 6(2.1 percent) coronary abnormalities. Coronary abnormalities at the 6th week were only shown in patients with initial abnormalites. Younger age and initial thrombocytosis were risk factors for thrombocytosis at the 6th week. Conclusion : All children with initial coronary abonormalites should have an echocardiogram at 6 weeks after the onset of fever. In view of case-effectiveness, additional echocardiographic studies are justified only if abnormalities are present at admission. ESR, CRP, and urinalysis performed at the 6 weeks after onset of KD is not significant for clinical information of progression. Platelet count should be estimated at 6th week for a judgement of continuous antiplatelet therapy.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.29 no.spc1
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• pp.63-64
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• 1996

The nature of distant faint blue field galaxies remains a mystery, despite the fact that much attention has been devoted to this subject in the last decade. Galaxy counts, particularly those in the optical and near ultraviolet bandpasses, have been demonstrated to be well in excess of those expected in the 'no-evolution' scenario. This has usually been taken to imply that galaxies were brighter in the past, presumably due to a higher rate of star formation. More recently, redshift surveys of galaxies as faint as B$\~$24 have shown that the mean redshift of faint blue galaxies is lower than that predicted by standard evolutionary models (de-signed to fit the galaxy counts). The galaxy number count data and redshift data suggest that evolutionary effects are most prominent at the faint end of the galaxy luminosity function. While these data constrain the form of evolution of the overall luminosity function, they do not constrain evolution in individual galaxies. We are carrying out a series of observations as part of a long-term program aimed at a better understanding of the nature and amount of luminosity evolution in individual galaxies. Our study uses the luminosity-linewidth relation (Tully-Fisher relation) for disk galaxies as a tool to study luminosity evolution. Several studies of a related nature are being carried out by other groups. A specific experiment to test a 'no-evolution' hypothesis is presented here. We have used the AUTOFIB multifibre spectro-graph on the 4-metre Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT) and the Rutgers Fabry-Perot imager on the Cerro Tolalo lnteramerican Observatory (CTIO) 4-metre tele-scope to measure the internal kinematics of a representative sample of faint blue field galaxies in the red-shift range z = 0.15-0.4. The emission line profiles of [OII] and [OIII] in a typical sample galaxy are significantly broader than the instrumental resolution (100-120 km $s^{-l}$), and it is possible to make a reliable de-termination of the linewidth. Detailed and realistic simulations based on the properties of nearby, low-luminosity spirals are used to convert the measured linewidth into an estimate of the characteristic rotation speed, making statistical corrections for the effects of inclination, non-uniform distribution of ionized gas, rotation curve shape, finite fibre aperture, etc.. The (corrected) mean characteristic rotation speed for our distant galaxy sample is compared to the mean rotation speed of local galaxies of comparable blue luminosity and colour. The typical galaxy in our distant sample has a B-band luminosity of about 0.25 L$\ast$ and a colour that corresponds to the Sb-Sd/Im range of Hub-ble types. Details of the AUTOFIB fibre spectroscopic study are described by Rix et al. (1996). Follow-up deep near infrared imaging with the 10-metre Keck tele-scope+ NIRC combination and high angular resolution imaging with the Hubble Space Telescope's WFPC2 are being used to determine the structural and orientation parameters of galaxies on an individual basis. This information is being combined with the spatially resolved CTIO Fabry-Perot data to study the internal kinematics of distant galaxies (Ing et al. 1996). The two main questions addressed by these (preliminary studies) are: 1. Do galaxies of a given luminosity and colour have the same characteristic rotation speed in the distant and local Universe? The distant galaxies in our AUTOFIB sample have a mean characteristic rotation speed of $\~$70 km $s^{-l}$ after correction for measurement bias (Fig. 1); this is inconsistent with the characteristic rotation speed of local galaxies of comparable photometric proper-ties (105 km $s^{-l}$) at the > $99\%$ significance level (Fig. 2). A straightforward explanation for this discrepancy is that faint blue galaxies were about 1-1.5 mag brighter (in the B band) at z $\~$ 0.25 than their present-day counterparts. 2. What is the nature of the internal kinematics of faint field galaxies? The linewidths of these faint galaxies appear to be dominated by the global disk rotation. The larger galaxies in our sample are about 2"-.5" in diameter so one can get direct insight into the nature of their internal velocity field from the $\~$ I" seeing CTIO Fabry-Perot data. A montage of Fabry-Perot data is shown in Fig. 3. The linewidths are too large (by. $5\sigma$) to be caused by turbulence in giant HII regions.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2021

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate datas related to panic attack and treatment in emergency room of panic disorder patients who visited emergency room for panic attack. Methods : A retrospective analysis of medical records was conducted on 92 patients with panic disorder who visited Chungju Konkuk university hospital emergency department due to panic attack and had bodily symptoms from 1st January 2010 to 31th December 2019. In addition to demographic characteristics and comorbid disorders, triggering stressors and alcohol consumption were corrected as pre-panic attack datas, bodily symptoms at the time of panic attack were corrected as datas during attack, electrocardiogram trial, consultation with psychiatrist, admission and information of used psychotropic drugs were corrected as post-attack data. Depending on size of data, Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used. Collected data was analyzed using R 4.03. Results : Cardiovascular disease was accompanied by 5.4% and depressive disorder was the most common coexisting mental disorder. Among triggering stressors, economic problem/work-related stress was significantly higher in men than women (𝛘²=4.322, p<0.005). The most common physical symptom during attack was circulatory (65.2%), followed by respiratory (57.6%), numbness-paralysis (33.7%), dizziness (19.6%), gastro-intestinal (14.1%) and autonomic symptom (12.0%). Electrocardiogram was taken at higher rate when patients complained circulatory symptom (𝛘²=8.46, p<0.005). The psychotropic drug most commonly used in emergency room was lorazepam, used in 92.1%. Conclusions : The most common bodily symptom during panic attack was circulatory symptom and the most common triggering stressor in men was economic problem/work-related stress. The most commonly used psychotropic for panic attack was lorazepam.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.237-257
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• 2013

As there is impulsive buying that is pervasive phenomenon in the clothing consumption area, many academics and practitioners have been interested in it. Although prior studies have provided useful insights for understanding and predicting consumers' impulsive behavior, the findings do not clearly explain why different consumers influence impulsive behavior differently even when presented with the same shopping environment. Regulatory focus theory (Higgins, 1987, 1997, 2001) provides an insight for better understanding of consumers' impulsive responses to the elements of shopping experience. Thus, the purpose of our research was to understand the effect of consumers' regulatory focus (i.e., promotion focused vs. prevention focused) on their shopping experiences and impulsive behavior. A total of 157 data collected from female consumers lived in Ulsan and Pusan was used for this study. The results were as follows: First, sensitive experience and emotional experience have significantly positive effects on impulsive buying, but rational experience does significantly negatively effects on it. Second, to test the moderating effects of consumers' regulatory focus, responses were divided into two groups including promotion-focused group (n = 91) and prevention-focused group (n = 66) based on the relative strength of one type of their regulatory focus, which was introduced by Higgins (2001). Multiple regression analysis (independent variables: shopping experience, dependant variable: impulsive buying) was run within each group. The results showed that for the promotion-focused group, sensitive and emotional experience have significantly positive effects on impulsive buying. For prevention focused group, sensitive experience has significantly positive effects on impulsive buying and rational experience does significantly negatively effects on it. Chow's and Fisher's z-test were confirmed that the relationship between shopping experience and impulsive buying behavior was significantly different depending on consumers' regulatory focus.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.59-64
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• 2008

We need to use the strength of each Species Distribution Model(SDM) because presence location data were only collected due to time and economic limitations in Korea. This study investigated and compared GAM(Generalized Additive Model) which is one of presence-absence models with Maxent(Maximum Entropy Model) which is one of presence only models according to location data(presence/absence data). The target species was Fisher(Martes pennanti) which is an endangered species in California, USA. We implemented environmental data such as topography, climate and vegetation, and applied models to sub-regions and study area. The results of this study were as follows. Firstly, GAM which used real presence and absence data was better than GAM which used pseudo-absence data and Maxent which used presence-only data. Secondly, Maxent was better than GAM when presence-only data were used. Lastly, each model which applied to different regions didn't predict other area well due to the difference of habitat environment and over-predicted outside of study area. We need to select an optimal model to predict a suitable habitat according to the type and distribution of location data.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2007

Numerous studies have reported that genes with similar expression patterns are co-regulated. From gene expression data, we have assumed that genes having similar expression pattern would share similar transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs). These function as the binding regions for transcription factors (TFs) and thereby regulate gene expression. In this context, various analysis tools have been developed. However, they have shortcomings in the combined analysis of expression patterns and significant TFBSs and in the functional analysis of target genes of significantly overrepresented putative regulators. In this study, we present a web-based A Functional Clustering Analysis Tool for Predicted Transcription Regulatory Elements and Gene Ontology Terms (FCAnalyzer). This system integrates microarray clustering data with similar expression patterns, and TFBS data in each cluster. FCAnalyzer is designed to perform two independent clustering procedures. The first process clusters gene expression profiles using the K-means clustering method, and the second process clusters predicted TFBSs in the upstream region of previously clustered genes using the hierarchical biclustering method for simultaneous grouping of genes and samples. This system offers retrieved information for predicted TFBSs in each cluster using $Match^{TM}$ in the TRANSFAC database. We used gene ontology term analysis for functional annotation of genes in the same cluster. We also provide the user with a combinatorial TFBS analysis of TFBS pairs. The enrichment of TFBS analysis and GO term analysis is statistically by the calculation of P values based on Fisher’s exact test, hypergeometric distribution and Bonferroni correction. FCAnalyzer is a web-based, user-friendly functional clustering analysis system that facilitates the transcriptional regulatory analysis of co-expressed genes. This system presents the analyses of clustered genes, significant TFBSs, significantly enriched TFBS combinations, their target genes and TFBS-TF pairs.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.354-362
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• 2017

Due to population aging and westernized lifestyle, ischemic heart diseases are increasing, and Korea has one of the highest lengths of stay for ischemic heart diseases. Since the increase in the length of stay is a major cause of the increase in medical expenses, it is necessary to prepare a plan to manage the length of stay. Accordingly, this study was conducted to identify the factors influencing the length of stay of ischemic heart disease, and provide the elementary resources necessary for the management of the length of stay. The study subjects were 566 ischemic heart disease patients of a tertiary hospital. As the result of the study, first, the number of inpatients with chest pain as the chief complaint was the largest. Second, the average length of stay was 4.89 days, and the length of stay varied depending on the type of ischemic heart disease. Third, the age of over 75 years, diabetes, and dyspnea were the factors increasing the length of stay. Therefore, for management of adequate length of stay for ischemic heart disease, it is important to prevent the progression of illness through blood sugar control for ischemic heart disease patients with diabetes. Also, it is necessary to prepare a system where patients can visit hospitals as fast as possible if they have any symptoms.