• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2017년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.236-236
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• 2017

Effluent treated by an NaDCC injection method in Ballast water management system (BWMS) contains reactive chlorine species and disinfection by-products (DBPs). In this study, we conducted whole effluent toxicity (WET) testing and ecological risk assessment (ERA) to investigate its ecotoxicological effects on marine environment. WET testing was carried out for four marine pelagic and freshwater organisms, i.e., diatom Skeletonema costatum, Navicula pellicuosa, chlorophyta Dunaliella tertiolecta, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, rotifer Brachionus plicatilis, Brachionus calyciflorus and fish Cyprinodon variegatus, Pimephales promelas. The biological toxicity test revealed that algae was the only biota that showed apparent toxicity to the effluent; it showed no observed effect concentration (NOEC), lowest observable effect concentration (LOEC) and effect concentration of 50% (EC50) values of 25-50%, 50-100% and >100%, respectively, at three water condition, but did not show any significant toxicities on other biota. Meanwhile, chemical analysis revealed that the BWMS effluent contained total residual oxidants (TROs) below $0.03{\mu}g/L$ and a total of 25 DBPs such as bromate, volatile halogenated organic compounds (VOCs), halogenated acetonitriles (HANs), halogenated acetic acids (HAAs), chloropicrin and Isocyanuric acid. Based on ERA, the 25 DBPs were not considered to have persistency, bioaccumulation and toxicity (PBT) properties. The ratio of predicted environmental concentration (PEC) to predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) of the other DBPs did not exceed 1 for General harbor environment. However, four substances (Isocyanuric acid, Tribromomethane, Chloropicrin and Monochloroacetic acid) were exceed 1 for Nearship environment. But observed toxicity in the test water on algal growth inhibition would be mitigated by normal dilution factor of 5 applied for nearship exposure. Thus, our results of WET testing and ERA showed that the BWMS effluent treated by NaDCC injection method would have no adverse impacts on marine environment.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.139-143
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• 2008

김치의 맛을 증진시키기 위하여 젓갈 대신에 된장을 첨가하여 김치의 품질 특성을 개선하고자 하였다. 김치 제조원료에 된장을 첨가하여 김치를 제조한 후 28일간 $10^{\circ}C$에서 숙성시키면서 김치의 이화학적, 미생물학적 변화 그리고 기호성을 검사하였다. 된장 첨가량의 증가에 따른 pH 변화는 전 발효 기간 동안 된장 첨가구는 대조구에 비해 다소 낮은 경향을 나타내었다. 산도의 변화는 발효 초기 유사하였으며, 발효가 진행될수록 대조구에 비해 된장 첨가 김치의 산도의 변화가 완만한 증가 현상을 나타내 pH 변화와 유사하였다. 유산균수와 총균수는 대조구, 첨가구 모두 대조구에 비해 성장이 억제되었다. 색도는 대조구에 비해 된장 첨가구 모두 백색두 적색도, 황색도가 감소하였다. 관능적 특성은 대조구에 비해 된장 5% 첨가 김치가 맛은 물론, 풍미, 색상, 종합적 기호도가 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 미루어보아 된장을 첨가 김치 제조가 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 식품과 화장품 재료로 다양하게 이용되는 천연다당류의 특성인 분자구조, 분자량, 점성, 친수성, 팽윤 및 습윤/보습 등을 이용하여 $PM_{10}$에 대한 먼지 억제제를 제조하였고 Lab과 Field Test를 통하여 다양한 먼지 제어 효과를 확인하였으며 대조군인 물에 의한 단순 살수와 합성 PVA보다 우수한 결과를 도출하였다. 또한, 수분 증발 비교, 배추씨 발아와 배추 생장 비교실험(Pot Test), 물고기와 수생식물에 대한 영향 및 허브 식물 성장에 대한 영향 등의 토양 및 수질 시험 등을 통하여 토양과 수질에서의 안전성 등을 연구하여 Polysaccharides를 이용한 $PM_{10}$ 먼지 억제제의 이용 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.65-67
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• 2003

Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) fish goes through metamorphosis in the larvae phase. In this phase, it secretes much thyroid hormone to control metamorphosis. Sharp change in the environment and nutrition deficiency may cause stress in the metamorphosis phase. It leads to interfering with the development of thyroid hormone and finally inhibits the normal growth of larvae. In this study, the correlation between the change in thyroid hormones and the albinism appearance was examined by growing them with low temperature ($13^{\circ}C$) stress over the premetamorphosis stages (stage $D\~F$) of flounder metamorphosis. Albinism rate was $15\%$ in the low temperature group and $25\%$ in the control goup. $T_{4}\;and\;T_{3}$ of the control group tended to increase from stage F as larvae grew. $T_{4}$ increased 2 times compared to the control group as 72 ng/g at stage H, the increasing phae of water temperature, in the low temperature group. $T_{3}$ increased 8 times compared to the control group as 2.9 ng/g at stage E, the decreasing phase of water temperature. Therefore, it is judged that the albinism appearance of flouner is caused from the sharp increase in $T_{3}$ by the inappropriate secretion of thyroid hormone.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.1010-1019
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• 2014

본 연구는 객관적인 국가차원의 국민건강영양조사 원시자료를 활용하여 만 14세에서 만 19세까지의 청소년을 추출하고 식품군별로 조사된 섭취빈도조사의 내용을 바탕으로 구강검진 조사의 항목으로 실시된 우식영구치수, 영구치우식유병자여부, 우식경험영구치수, 영구치우식경험여부등의 4가지 항목의 영향력 관계를 조사하였다. 우식영구치수, 영구치우식유병자 여부, 우식경험영구치 수, 영구치우식경험 여부등은 쌀과 배추 김치를 주식으로 하는 우리나라 식생활 문화에 가장 영향을 많이 받았고 쌀과 잡곡, 배추등의 채소와 과일류 등은 치아우식을 낮추는 영향을 주는 인자로 조사되었다. 쌀의 섭취 빈도가 많을수록 치아우식은 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 고기 생선 난류의 식품군에서는 멸치의 섭취 빈도가 많을 수록 치아우식은 감소하였고, 돼지고기와 소고기 등의 육류의 섭취 역시 치아우식의 발생을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 탄산음료와 패스트푸드 식품의 일종인 햄버거와 피자등의 섭취 빈도가 클수록 치아우식을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.478-488
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• 1997

Omega-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) is found in a high proportion in the structural lipids of cell membranes, in particular those of the central nervous system and the retina. Diet-induced changes in fatty acid composition in these tissues may affect physiochemical functions. This study was conducted to investigate whether supplements of DHA in infant formula has an effect on the composition of fatty acids in erythrocytes with regard to brain development. Experimental groups were breastmilk group(n=21), placebo formula group(n=15), and DHA supplemented formula (0.26%) group(n=16). Infants were selected by mothers who deliverecdd at Kyung Hee medical center from February to April, 1996. Infant body weight, length, and head circumference were similar among the experimental groups at 16 weeks of age. The levels of DHA in breastmilk, placebo formula, and DHA supplemented formula were 0.56, 0, and 0.26% of total fatty acids, respectively. There was a significant correlation between dietary DHA intake and erythrocyte DHA levels. The levels of arachidonic acid did not differ among the three expermental groups. The result of flash visual evoke potential(VEP) test was correlated with the erythrocyte levels and dietary DHA levels at 16 weeks of age. No other fatty acid was correlated with VEP test results. No differences were found in Bayley Mental and Psychomotor Development Index scores among the three groups at 20 weeks of age. DHA seems to be an essential nutrient for optimum growth and maturation of term infants. Relatively small amounts of dietary DHA supplementation significantly elevate DHA supplementation significantly elevate DHA content in erythrocytes, which in turn has an implication for better scores for infant's VEP test. Whether supplementation of formula-fed infants with DHA has long-term benefits remains to be elucidated.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.412-420
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• 2021

This study aimed to assess the association between the weight status and dietary behavior of preschool children. The survey included 412 preschool children aged 2-5 years in 31 childcare facilities in Gwangju. General characteristics of children and their mothers, weight, height, feeding type, complementary feeding, food allergy, and dietary behavior of children based on the Nutrition Quotient for preschoolers (NQ-P) questionnaire were considered. Children were classified into 4 groups by weight status; underweight, normal, overweight, and obese, based on the 2017 Korean National Growth Charts. The percentage of children in the respective groups was 5.3, 70.9, 10.7, 13.1%. Weight status was not related to breast feeding duration nor the starting time of complementary feeding. The NQ-P scores of underweight, normal, overweight, and obese groups were 55.4, 60.0, 60.8, 60.0. Among the three factors covered by the NQ-P, 'balance' and 'environment' scores of the underweight group were lower than that of other groups. Underweight children consumed beans, fish, and white milk less frequently. The 'moderation' scores of the overweight/obese group were lower than those of the normal or obese groups. Obese children more frequently ate processed meat and fast foods. Proper nutrition education is thus needed for not only obese children but also underweight children based on their age, along with their parents, and caregivers.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.661-674
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• 2021

에드워드병은 양식넙치에 있어 치료가 어렵고, 모든 성장 단계에서 지속적으로 장기간에 걸쳐 어체 내에 존재하면서 대량 폐사까지 이어지는 경우가 많다. 본 논문에서는 의사결정 나무 기법을 이용하여 발병한 양식넙치의 다양한 증상 데이터를 기반으로 전체 수온 구간 및 저수온, 저-고수온, 고수온, 고-저수온 구간으로 나누어 에드워드병의 증상 패턴을 분석하였다. 실험을 통해 분석된 의사결정 나무의 증상 패턴에는 간 결절을 비롯하여 간 출혈, 간 조직 변성 등 간의 증상이 에드워드병의 판별 기준으로 선택되었다. 선택된 증상은 에드워드병의 주요한 증상으로 알려진 것이며, 분석된 결과가 에드워드병의 증상 패턴을 성공적으로 찾아주고 있음을 수산질병전문가의 자문을 통해 확인하였다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.344-351
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Adequate dietary fatty acid intake is important for toddlers between 12-24 months of age, as this is a period of dietary transition in conjunction with rapid growth and development; however, actual fatty acid intake during this period seldom has been explored. This study was conducted to assess the intake status of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids by toddlers during the 12-24-month period using 2010-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Twenty-four-hour dietary recall data of 12-24-month-old toddlers (n = 544) was used to estimate the intakes of ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3), linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n-6), and arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4n-6), as well as the major dietary sources of each. The results were compared with the expected intake for exclusively breastfed infants in the first 6 months of life and available dietary recommendations. RESULTS: Mean daily intakes of ALA, EPA, DHA, LA, and AA were 529.9, 22.4, 37.0, 3907.6, and 20.0 mg/day, respectively. Dietary intakes of these fatty acids fell below the expected intake for 0-5-month-old exclusively breastfed infants. In particular, DHA and AA intakes were 4 to 5 times lower. The dietary assessment indicated that the mean intake of essential fatty acids ALA and LA was below the European and the FAO/WHO dietary recommendations, particularly for DHA, which was approximately 30% and 14-16% lower, respectively. The key sources of the essential fatty acids, DHA, and AA were soy (28.2%), fish (97.3%), and animals (53.7%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the prevailing view of DHA and AA requirements on early brain development, there remains considerable room for improvement in their intakes in the diets of Korean toddlers. Further studies are warranted to explore how increasing dietary intakes of DHA and AA could benefit brain development during infancy and early childhood.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.512-520
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The 6-23 months for infants is the longest period in the "first 1,000 days" of life. This period is very important for child development, so complementary feeding (CF) practices should be optimized to maximize children's potential for growth and development. The aim of this study was to analyze the CF practices and nutritional status of children aged 6-23 months. SUBJECTS/METHODS: For this cross-sectional study, 392 children aged 6-23 months were selected using stratified random sampling. Socio-demographic data were collected through interviews. CF practices, collected by interviews and repeated 24-hour food recall method, were the timely introduction of CF, minimum meal frequency, dietary diversity and minimum acceptable diet, consumption food rich in proteins and vitamin A. Nutritional status was assessed using the indicators of underweight, wasting and stunting. To analyze the association between socio-demographic indicators and CF with nutritional status, the chi-square test with a confidence interval of 95% was used. RESULTS: Results showed that 39% were exclusively breastfed, only 61% received prolonged breastfeeding and 50% received timely introduction of CF. Minimum meal frequency was met by 74% of subjects, but dietary diversity and minimum acceptable diet were only realized in 50% and 40% of the children, respectively. The prevalence of underweight, wasting, and stunting were 26%, 23%, and 28%, respectively. Age of the child, birth order, birth weight, parents' education level, family size and incidence of fever and diarrhea during the previous two weeks were associated with underweight, while child's birth order, fathers' education level, mother's age, family size, completion of the age-appropriate vaccination and fish consumption frequency were associated with wasting. Age of the child, incidence of fever and acute respiratory infection, and fortified food consumption were associated with stunting. CONCLUSIONS: Suboptimal CF practices and high prevalence of underweight, wasting and stunting were found among children aged 6-23 months old in Aceh. These results highlight the need to improve CF and nutritional status.